Technical English – Ms.

Farah

Name:

Tutorial class:

A Make a different word, using the prompt in brackets.

e.g. development (change to verb) - to develop

e.g. economise (change to noun) - economy

1. To analyse (change to noun)

2. To analyse (change to adjective)

3. Evaluation (change to verb)

4. Theoretical (change to verb)

5. Problem (change to adjective)

6. To expect (change to noun)

7. To agree (change to opposite verb)

8. Organised (change to opposite adjective)

9. To prove (change to noun)

10.To prove (change to opposite verb)

B Finish these paraphrased sentences by changing the word/word type and grammar.

e.g. We studied the statistics then applied for funding.

- After _________ the statistics, we made an _________ for funding.

- After studying the statistics, we made an application for funding.

1. We were concerned about her health.

We had some _________ about her health.

2. The council cut funding so we could not provide free parking.

Because of council funding _________, there was no_________ for free parking.

3. His proposal was a failure as it was too theoretical.

 Technical English – Ms. Farah

His proposal_________ because it relied too much on _________.

4. As the emphasis was only on the UK, there were weaknesses in the evidence.

By _________ the UK only, the evidence was _________.

5. As the emphasis was only on the UK, there were weaknesses in the evidence.

As the emphasis was only on the UK, the evidence was not_________.

C Decide which paraphrase is better. (NB! Remember, your essay should not just be one
long paraphrase, even a good paraphrase!)

1. Adverts are a major part of everyday life.

Paraphrase 1

Advertising is an important feature of daily life.

Paraphrase 2

The influence of adverts can be felt in all aspects of our lives.

2. Adverts for the soft drink, Tango, have recently been banned for possibly encouraging
playground bullying.

Paraphrase 1

Advertising for the fizzy drink, Tango, have been disallowed recently for potentially leading
to school bullying.

Paraphrase 2

A ban on Tango adverts has been implemented recently, as some felt the content could
encourage school bullies.

3. Opinion is divided over what impact, if any, advertising has on children. What is beyond
question is that many people, parents in particular are worried about its effects. 88% of Swedes
supported their government’s ban on children’s TV adverts in 1991 (Willows, 2009) while 36%
of adults in the UK thought that advertising was damaging to their children (Sidle, 2011).

Paraphrase 1

There is little agreement on the effect of advertising on children, though it is undoubtedly a

concern, especially for parents. When Sweden banned children’s TV adverts in 1991, 88% of
 Technical English – Ms. Farah

the population supported the decision (Willows, 2009), while in the UK, over a third of adults
thought advertising could damage their children (Sidle, 2011).

Paraphrase 2

Views vary on what possible effect advertising can have on the young. What is without doubt
is that most people, especially parents, are concerned about the impact. 88% of Swedish people
were in favour of their government’s ban on advertising on children’s television (Willows,
2009), and in the UK, 36% of adults believed adverts were harmful to their offspring (Sidle,
2011).

D Paraphrase the following.

1. For many people across Europe, the introduction of the Euro has lead to price rises in many
everyday goods.

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2. Women have traditionally been seen as mothers and home makers and it is only in recent
years that they have been making significant inroads into the job market. There is still a long
way to go before they achieve complete equality with men but the situation has definitely
improved.

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3. In the 1920s, an American academic, Elton Mayo, researched the effects of the physical
environment on the productivity of workers. The result, known as the Hawthorne Studies,
named after the electrics company where it took place, showed that workers could be motivated
to work harder by making small changes to the workplace, such as altering the lighting or the
layout of a room.
 Technical English – Ms. Farah

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E Summarise the following paragraphs in the number of words in brackets.

1. Research on children’s advertising would not seem to support a ban. Psychology professor,
Adrian Furnham, argues against any restrictions, noting “Peer influences and parenting styles
are massively more influential in determining children’s behaviour and achievements than
advertising” (Stokes and Brown, 2011). Furthermore, a German study points out that, on
average, children between three and thirteen years old spend only 1.4% of their waking time
watching adverts. That said, in the UK, this translates into 18 000 adverts a year (Grissom,
2010). However until there has been definitive research linking behaviour to advertising, it
would seem premature to argue for a ban, but perhaps some regulation is needed, especially
given parents’ concerns. (60 words)

2. One restriction would arguably be on food advertising. 95% of these during children’s
television programmes were for products high in fat, salt or sugar (Grissom, 2010) and many,
including the World Health Organisation, believe that there is a link between such foods and
increasing levels of obesity and high blood pressure. Yet for every $1 spent by the WHO to
combat these effects of a poor diet, the global food industry spends $500, part of an annual
industry worth $25 billion (WHO, 2009). It is obviously not a fair fight and as children’s health
is at stake, there is a strong case for a limitation on food advertising to the young. (30 words)
3. This could well help children. However, the downside of any such regulation could be
damage to business, such as to the above mentioned food industry who would obviously see
profits fall. Another less direct casualty would be children’s television. At present, this industry
is heavily reliant on advertising revenues. Martin Bowley of the media organisation Carlton
Sales, remarked “Without TV advertising in the UK, the ability of commercial TV stations to
deliver high quality programmes to young people would be severely affected” (BBC, 2007).
Of ITV’s £39 million children’s commissioning budget, £11 million came from advertising
 Technical English – Ms. Farah

(BBC, 2007). The removal of this support could lead to jobs losses, and a flood of cheap
American exports. There is also the wider implication of any ban, with many within the EU
saying it would contravene the whole idea of free trade in goods and services that the EU is
based on, and would in fact be illegal. (20 words)

F Write a paraphrase of each of the following passages.

1. In psychology, an understanding of the methods psychologists use is important because

research can be flawed, and knowing how research should be done can bring those
flaws to light (Ciccarelli & White, 2009).
2. People associate creativity with the arts only. I'm a great advocate of the arts, but
creativity is really a function of everything we do. So education for creativity is about
the whole curriculum, not just part of it (Robinson, 2009).
3. People can influence others to follow along with their own actions or thoughts, to agree
to do things even when the person might prefer to do otherwise, and to be obedient to
authorities (Ciccarelli & White, 2009).
4. Academic writing, like all forms of communication, is an act of identity: it not only
conveys disciplinary 'content' but also carries a representation of the writer (Hyland,
2002).
5. The free, easy-to-use social media that has now permeated so much of daily life brings
with it the opportunity to enhance learning, participation, communication, and
engagement; to extend the classroom experience; and/or to enrich the online classroom
(Rodriguez, 2011).