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This would mean that the river was now deeper and wider than usual, because of the extra intake of
water. For example: a flow meter to measure velocity instead of a stop watch to measure the time it
took for a cork to pass a set distance. More explicit and detailed linkages BETWEEN the different
factors and measurements are needed for a higher rating- eg. The time taken for the cork to go from
the start of the meter stick and then 50cm downstream was measured. There are open areas of
grassland and heath, rivers, ponds and bogs, ancient woodland. This is because of an expected
increase in width and depth as width times depth equals the cross sectional area. This would mean
that the river was now deeper and wider than usual, because of the extra intake of water. Then the
mass of the soil samples was weighed again. In our case the rainfall recorded for the day before
showed that there was a reasonable amount of rainfall which would have changed our results
significantly. In several parts of Brazil, Indians who have tried to resist being moved have been killed
by developers. The brake was then applied allowing the reading of the angle. On the edge of greater
London conurbation which stands on the river Thames Epping Forest is found. Hence, the curved
surfaces in the river bed could be measured accurately. There is a gradual increase in the wetted
perimeter from site 1 to site 2. On the inside of the bend the current flows slower and the water is
shallower. The boundary of the drainage basin is called the watershed and is usually a ridge of high
land. This was because we were only able to carry out the study over a small amount of time (during
school hours) therefore we didn’t have enough time to do extra sites. The river usually only has this
much force in times of flood. In addition to this, deforestation causes soil erosion and more severe
and frequent floods, more carbon dioxide that would result in global warming and climatic change
and finally a decrease in the production of hardwood. The average water depth of the river increased
from 0.08m at site 1 (Debden Brook) to 0.21m at site 2 (Debden Brook) and 0.55m at site 3 (The
River Roding). This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.6 shows the
gradient of the river decreasing with distance downstream. The overall distance that we walk was
2800 metres long. The north and south sections of the M25 orbital motorway are linked by the
Queen Elizabeth II Bridge and a second crossing at the same point as the Dartford Tunnel. The extra
person has to go around each separate site collecting as many of different types of vegetation as
possible. The following characteristics of the river were measured. It only received the maximum
marks in 1 of categories, which was wildlife. Water evaporates from the river channels and land
surfaces. The data we collected from the sites was primary i.e. we collected it our self. Over half of
our modern medicines come from the rainforests. On the outside of the bend the water erodes and
undercuts the river cliff, and hence causes the cliff to retreat.
In several parts of Brazil, Indians who have tried to resist being moved have been killed by
developers. The height of the left bank is greater in site 3 then in site 1. This hypothesis corresponds
with the Bradshaw model because fig.6. Recently one plant, a periwinkle, has proved successful in
treating child leukaemia. The major process of the river becomes lateral erosion, although vertical
erosion does continue. The highest score was 43 out of 50 which was site four (440 above sea level).
It is located in North east London; it is a large crescent shaped piece of land which starts in Wansted
in the south and finishes in Epping in the North. At this area there are new developments like the
new town of Harlow which was built for the pupose to take the overspill population of London in
the 1950's whereas older settlements like Epping can also be found. Epping. After that they placed
the samples into an oven for two days. Many have abandoned their new farms and moved to urban
shanty settlements. It only received the maximum marks in 1 of categories, which was wildlife. The
data logger had to be given time to let the results the settle. Only about one tree in twenty is of
economic value to the timber companies, but their machinery, and falling timber, destroys many of
the surrounding trees. Debden Brook Rivers Coursework Data Collection Table. Then the trigger
brake was released which allows the weighted wheel to swing until it settles. This hypothesis
corresponds with the Bradshaw Model because fig.1 shows the width of the river increasing with
distance downstream. In order to prevent such drastic consequences we need to manage the
rainforest in a sustainable way and use our natural resources more effectively. The more complex the
data the more likely the inaccuracy of the measurements. The land is mainly used for research and
recreational purposes e.g. mountain biking. The rocks and soil of Epping include pebble gravel, bang
shot beds, clay gate beds and London clay. Site one scored the lowest result was because the site is
at a higher altitude than any of the other sites. Due to its popularity there is great demand for land in
this area for housing, out-of-town shopping centers and retail parks and roads. Humus will not
replace nutrients in the soil and will be washed away (leached)-by the heavy rain. The time of the day
was in the early morning, which meant that the temperature would have been lower than in the
afternoon. The long profile of a drainage basin clearly shows a decrease in gradient. They have been
forced to live on reservations which have few natural resources, and certainly none that are of value
to the developers. The Surface Velocity of the river increased from 0.08 at site 1 (Debden Brook) to
0.09 at site 2 (Debden Brook) and 0.35 at site 3 (The River Roding). This is not very reliable as the
cork may have been affected by turbulent flow and people moving in the river. Original Fieldworld
investigation on river Hyndburn Brook. The wetted perimeter is significantly larger in site 3 then in
site 1 and 2. There would also be more soil erosion and flooding.
For example: a flow meter to measure velocity instead of a stop watch to measure the time it took for
a cork to pass a set distance. The long profile of a drainage basin clearly shows a decrease in
gradient. The data logger had to be given time to let the results the settle. Debden Brook Rivers
Cousework Analysis and Conclusion. This site mainly received two’s and three’s with the odd fours.
It is approximately 18km long by 4km wide, but is considerably narrower in most places. The other
one was at site five, which was only minor. There was one anomaly this was at site three where it
rises higher than the rest did. On the outside of the meander the current flows fastest and the water
is deeper. Deforestation takes away a potential sink for the carbon dioxide mankind is pumping into
the atmosphere through human activities. This will also increase lateral erosion as the water will be
moving faster and carrying more load. The start point is the Cat and Fiddle pub, which is the second
highest pub in England, about 505m above sea level. This is not very reliable as the cork may have
been affected by turbulent flow and people moving in the river. This would have applied to the depth
as we took three different measurements for this piece of data and averaged them out. Then the
trigger brake was released which allows the weighted wheel to swing until it settles. The Surface
Velocity of the river increased from 0.08 at site 1 (Debden Brook) to 0.09 at site 2 (Debden Brook)
and 0.35 at site 3 (The River Roding). Ideally if we had the time we would take multiple reading of
each sites and than work out the average. Also, eating and drinking was not permitted while
completing the investigation because of the risk of catching Weil’s disease from Loughton Brook
which is caused by rat urine. The wetted perimeter is significantly larger in site 3 then in site 1 and 2.
The boundary of the drainage basin is called the watershed and is usually a ridge of high land. This
hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.2 shows the depth of the river
increasing with distance downstream. In several parts of Brazil, Indians who have tried to resist
being moved have been killed by developers. The woodland is especially famous for its hornbeams
and there is a conservation centre at High Beech. Many have abandoned their new farms and moved
to urban shanty settlements. Erosion on the outside of the bend and deposition on the inside of the
bend will eventually lead to the formation of an ox-bow lake. This is because the increased volume
of water entering the river from tributaries will result in increased weight and therefore increased
momentum and velocity. Deforested areas consequently have unintended environmental
consequences and can become drier as a result of the loss of vegetation, increasing the risk of. The
majority died from Western illnesses to which they had no immunity (e.g. measles and influenza). It
also allows more people to resettle which gives a healthier live for people living in urban shanty
towns. It is on a watershed separating two drainage basins.
This will also increase lateral erosion as the water will be moving faster and carrying more load. From
the top the land is peat moorland with very little different types of vegetation as we continued down
the path we noticed that we where gradually going into a typical river valley. This is because of an
expected increase in width and depth as width times depth equals the cross sectional area. Within
three or four years the soil becomes infertile. The second anomaly was at site five, which is lower
than expected. On the edge of greater London conurbation which stands on the river Thames Epping
Forest is found. This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.3 shows the
Wetted Perimeter of the river increasing with distance downstream. Water joins the main channel via
tributaries such as Loughton Brook. The following sites three, four, seven and eight score below the
average. Care was taken not to touch the rod and we waited patiently for the results to settle.
Erosion on the outside of the bend and deposition on the inside of the bend will eventually lead to
the formation of an ox-bow lake. This measurement was taken in three places so that an average
depth could be calculated. The following characteristics of the river were measured. The two people
have to stand about 20 paces away from each other along the path at each site. In addition to this,
deforestation causes soil erosion and more severe and frequent floods, more carbon dioxide that
would result in global warming and climatic change and finally a decrease in the production of
hardwood. This is not very reliable as the cork may have been affected by turbulent flow and people
moving in the river. The Forest Stewardship Council also links timber producers to customers and
gives assurances that timber and timber products are only from areas of sustainable logging. Due to
soil and relief, historically Epping Forest has been unsuitable for agriculture. For example if the water
width was wrong then this would make the cross sectional area wrong as well. Epping forest is
owned by the corporation on London and preserved for use and enjoyment by people. However
there is a rapid increase in the wetted perimeter from the site 2 to site 3.There is a clear correlation;
the further downstream of Loughton Brook the greater the wetted perimeter. The conclusion makes
sense because the water depth has increased bla bla. In order to live, trees take nutrients from the
soil. This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.2 shows the depth of the
river increasing with distance downstream. This increase is because of greater downwards (vertical)
erosion due to increased water velocity, discharge and load resulting in more abrasion due to traction
and saltation. The temperature rapidly increases to site three than after the temperature decreased till
site five and than after that it increases at a steady rate until site seven where it levels off. The more
complex the data the more likely the inaccuracy of the measurements. Dead trees, and leaves shed
from trees, rapidly decompose in the hot, wet climate. This is because of an expected increase in
width and depth as width times depth equals the cross sectional area. The river usually only has this
much force in times of flood.
In the upper course the river has a lot of potential energy and is trying to reach base level, hence the
main process is erosion. Join our team of reviewers and help other students learn. By this I mean that
it is situated in a place far from the roads and other human activity and it was not situated in the
middle of anywhere in which people cannot access it easy. This hypothesis corresponds with the
Bradshaw model because fig.6 shows the gradient of the river decreasing with distance downstream.
At the bottom we had the typical river valley with is levees and flood plain. The long profile of a
drainage basin clearly shows a decrease in gradient. We arrived at the destination, which was
Wildboarclough at roughly 10am. The quardart is thrown into a semi random place away from the
path. There are no major anomalies in the results but there’s one tiny anomalies this is at site six
where the score just dropped off slightly. It is approximately 18km long by 4km wide, but is
considerably narrower in most places. Erosion on the outside of the bend and deposition on the
inside of the bend will eventually lead to the formation of an ox-bow lake. The data logger had a
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Changing factors such as weather conditions as well as static factors
such as the type of underlying soil and geology and slope, mean that our data could not be taken as
representing the usual behaviour of other rivers. This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw
model because fig.8 shows the discharge of the river increasing with distance downstream. Changes
in Guilford's Central Business District from 1968 to 2002. The water width of the river increased
from 0.83m at site 1 (Debden Brook) to 1.95m at site 2 (Debden Brook) and 8.53m at site 3 (The
River Roding). This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.7 shows the
velocity of the river increasing with distance downstream. The average water depth of the river
increased from 0.08m at site 1 (Debden Brook) to 0.21m at site 2 (Debden Brook) and 0.55m at site
3 (The River Roding). Due to soil and relief, historically Epping Forest has been unsuitable for
agriculture. From the top the land is peat moorland with very little different types of vegetation as
we continued down the path we noticed that we where gradually going into a typical river valley.
This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.4 shows the Cross Sectional Area
of the river increasing with distance downstream. Then the trigger brake was released which allows
the weighted wheel to swing until it settles. More explicit and detailed linkages BETWEEN the
different factors and measurements are needed for a higher rating- eg. In preparation to take this
measurement we cleared the leaves from the river bed. Without the trees there is increased surface
run-off which causes both soil erosion and more severe and frequent flooding. A river has surplus
energy as it flows from the upper course and begins to meander, this uses up the river’s energy. As a
result, some species, such as mahogany, greenheart and rosewood are becoming endangered. The
long profile of a drainage basin clearly shows a decrease in gradient. The average water depth of the
river increased from 0.08m at site 1 (Debden Brook) to 0.21m at site 2 (Debden Brook) and 0.55m at
site 3 (The River Roding). A decrease in soil fertility is also an unintended environmental
consequence of deforestation.
To gain extra marks here - go a stage further to consider that these possible errors and therefore
inaccurate results may therefore lead to incorrect conclusions for each hypothesis. As a result, some
species, such as mahogany, greenheart and rosewood are becoming endangered. This hypothesis
corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.6. In the upper course the river has a lot of
potential energy and is trying to reach base level, hence the main process is erosion. Bagshot beds
(sands and clays) Bagshot beds are still permeable but not as permeable as pebbles and gravel and
therefore will still let water through but slower. This would mean that the river was now deeper and
wider than usual, because of the extra intake of water. This measurement was taken in three places so
that an average depth could be calculated. The finish point is the Clough House Farm from which is
300m above sea level. The Surface Velocity of the river increased from 0.08 at site 1 (Debden
Brook) to 0.09 at site 2 (Debden Brook) and 0.35 at site 3 (The River Roding). Ideally, if we the
time and the people we would of taken multiple reading of each site and then worked out the
average. The change in mass of the soil samples was then calculated, which later was turned into a
percentage. In preparation to take this measurement we cleared the leaves from the river bed. Then
the colour of the soil was matched up with the colour chart. Over half of our modern medicines come
from the rainforests. It also allows more people to resettle which gives a healthier live for people
living in urban shanty towns. Water joins the main channel via tributaries such as Loughton Brook.
The tape was taut, as perpendicular as possible to the both banks and just touching the surface when
the measurement was taken. I have been set a task to investigate the comparision between Bath's
CBD (c. Formed in approximately 8000BC after the last ice age, it covers 6,300 acres (approx.
24km?). Epping Forest contains areas of grassland, rivers, heath, ponds and bogs. This is because of
an expected increase in width and depth as width times depth equals the cross sectional area. This
hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw model because fig.6. These include painkillers and
quinine (used to treat malaria). This increase is because of greater downwards (vertical) erosion due
to increased water velocity, discharge and load resulting in more abrasion due to traction and
saltation. In order to prevent such drastic consequences we need to manage the rainforest in a
sustainable way and use our natural resources more effectively. If I was carrying out this study with
sufficient time to study further sites I would have covered a possible 10 sites at differing times in
order to improve the accuracy of my results. Furthermore, deforestation has caused the Elimination
of Indian groups and their way of life. There are no major anomalies in the results but there’s one
tiny anomalies this is at site six where the score just dropped off slightly. It is on a watershed
separating two drainage basins. They collected soil samples from all 8 different sites using a trowel
and stored the soil in airtight plastic bags. There was one anomaly this was at site three where it rises
higher than the rest did.
In addition to this, deforestation causes soil erosion and more severe and frequent floods, more
carbon dioxide that would result in global warming and climatic change and finally a decrease in the
production of hardwood. This supports my hypothesis made at the beginning of the investigation.
Two pupils carried out two tests on the soil samples on Wednesday 14 th September. The original
area of the forest was in the region of 100,000 acres. Causes and consequences of deforestation of
the Amazon Rainforest. This site mainly received two’s and three’s with the odd fours. As the river is
closer to sea level in the middle course there is increased lateral erosion and less vertical erosion, This
should result in the gradient becoming less steep in the middle course. Deforested areas consequently
have unintended environmental consequences and can become drier as a result of the loss of
vegetation, increasing the risk of. Site one scored the lowest result was because the site is at a higher
altitude than any of the other sites. The method did not prevent human errors like not stopping the
stop watch at the exact right time. This is because of an increase in velocity and cross sectional area.
This unbalance of carbon dioxide and oxygen could cause global warming and result in temperatures
increasing globally destroying many fragile environments. Stansted Airport is located just outside of
Bishop's Stortford which is close to Epping Forest. This hypothesis corresponds with the Bradshaw
model because fig.8 shows the discharge of the river increasing with distance downstream. Then we
included a small amount barium sulphate, which helps remove any impurities. Vertical erosion is the
most dominant process of erosion in the upper course as the river tries to reach sea level because of
the action of gravity. The neck of the meander eventually is broken and a new straight channel is
formed. Had we not taken these precautions the results could have been inaccurate. The River
Roding then flows beside the M11 motorway south towards the River Thames. This could of help
the soil to excrete the acidic chemicals which was deposited by the rain. This is because the increased
volume of water entering the river from tributaries will result in increased weight and therefore
increased momentum and velocity. What are the local and global consequences of deforestation? The
forest canopy protects the soil by intercepting the heavy daily convectional rainfall. A river has
surplus energy as it flows from the upper course and begins to meander, this uses up the river’s
energy. More explicit and detailed linkages BETWEEN the different factors and measurements are
needed for a higher rating- eg. If I was carrying out this study with sufficient time to study further
sites I would have covered a possible 10 sites at differing times in order to improve the accuracy of
my results. Now it is a smaller 6,000 acre (2,4000 hectares) tract of beautiful woodland, and it
obviously a lot smaller now than its original size. A person held each ranging pole so that the tip was
just touching the water surface. We took measurements of the different things such as the air
temperature and the soil temperature, looking for the changes and patterns, which occurred during
the walk. However, there are more problems with deforestation than benefits like the elimination of
traditional groups and their way of life, loss of wildlife and prevention of medicines being
discovered.