Light always travels in a straight line

RECTILINEAR
PROPGATION OF LIGHT

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Can Light BEND ?

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Light travels in straight line in one material but it
changes its direction if medium changes.

Air

REFRACTION
OF LIGHT

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Light changes its direction when
going from one transparent
medium to another transparent
medium. This is called as
refraction of light.

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Change in the speed of light causes light ray to bend

Air 3 x 108 m/s

Glass 2 x 108 m/s

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Air

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Air

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 1 The velocity of light is ___________ in different media.

A 3 x 108 m/s

B same

C different

D infinite

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 2 Which of the following remains unchanged during refraction of light?

A Speed of light

B Frequency of light

C Wavelength of light

D Direction of light

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Air

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Air

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Air

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Air

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
 INCIDENT MEDIUM
(M1)

Air

REFRACTED MEDIUM
(M2)

Glass

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 3 For a given pair of media, the ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of
angle of refraction is _____

A 1

B constant

C 0

D irrational

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Q. Light travels with a velocity of 1.5 X 108 m/s in a
medium. On entering the second medium its velocity
becomes 0.75 X 108 m/s. What is the refractive index of
the second medium with respect to first medium.

Medium 1

Shubham Jha - Class 10 Medium 2

 =V1
V2
= 1.5 X 108
0.75 X 108
=2

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Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Vacuum

Glass

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 4 If the 1st medium is a vacuum then the refractive index of medium 2 is called
____

A Absolute refractive index

B Relative refractive index

C Atmospheric refractive index

D Unit refractive index

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 Q. The Absolute refractive index of water is 1.36. What is
the velocity of light in water ?
( velocity of light in vacuum is 3 X 108 m/s )

n = 1.36 = V vacuum
V water
1.36 = 3 X 10
V water
V water = 3 X 108
1.36
V water = 2.21 X 108 m/s
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Q. If the SPEED of light in a medium is 1.5 X 108 m/s. What
is absolute refractive index of that medium.?
( velocity of light in vacuum is 3 X 108 m/s )

= V vac
Vm

m n vac = 3 X 108
1.5 X 108

m n vac = 2
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Q. The Absolute refractive indices of glass and water are
3/2 and 4/3 respectively, what is the refractive index of
glass with respect to water.?

g n w= ?
w n vac = 4 / 3
g n vac = 3 / 2

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Refractive index of glass w.r.t to vacuum
g n vac = V vac
=3 …. ( 1 )
Vg 2
Refractive index of water w.r.t to vacuum

w n vac = V vac = 4
…. ( 2 )
Vw 3
Refractive index of glass w.r.t to water

g nw =Vw
…. ( 3 )
Vg
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Multiply and divide eqn 3 by V vac

g nw =Vw V vac
X
Vg V vac

g n w = V vac Vw V vac 3
X =
Vg V vac Vg 2
n
g w=
3 3
X V vac
2 4
4 =
Vw 3
nw = 9
g
8
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Air rarer

denser
Glass

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Glass denser

Air rarer

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Air
rarer

Glass denser

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 5 The unit of refractive index is ________

A cm

B m

C mm

D refractive index has no unit

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 6 Refractive index depends upon

A Shape of medium

B Thickness of medium

C Velocity of light in the medium

D all of the above

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Glass denser

Air rarer

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Air Refracted ray
rarer
Critical angle
R= 90 0

i i ic

Partial reflection

Glass denser

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Air Refracted ray
rarer
Critical angle
R= 90 0

i i ic I > ic

Total
Partial reflection Internal
Glass denser
Reflection

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 7 A light ray entering glass from water ____________

A goes away from normal

B it bends towards the normal

C Travels without bending

D return back in water

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Away From Normal

Away From Normal

TIR

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Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Wavelength = 700 nm
RED
ORANGE
YELLOW
GREEN
BLUE
INDIGO
VOILET
Wavelength = 400 nm

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
LIGHT is electromagnetic radiation which gives sense of vision.

RED
ORANGE
YELLOW
GREEN
BLUE
INDIGO
VOILET

GLASS PRISM

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
 8 The process of separation of light into its component colour while it is passing
through a medium is called __________

A reflection

B refraction

C dispersion

D internal reflection

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 9 ____ colour deviates the least during the dispersion of light through a prism

A red

B violet

C indigo

D orange

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 DISPERSION

TIR

REFRACTION
Shubham Jha - Class 10
(i) The beautiful phenomenon of the rainbow is a combination of different phenomena
namely dispersion of light, internal reflection and refraction of light.
(ii) The rainbow appears in the sky after a rain shower.
(iii)The water droplets act as small prisms.
(iv)When sunlight enters the water droplets present in the atmosphere, they refract and
disperse the incident sunlight. That results in a spectrum.
(v) Then the light rays get reflected internally inside the droplet and finally again get
refracted.
(vi) As a collective effect of all these phenomena, the seven colored rainbow is observed.
(vii) In the morning, rainbow can be seen towards west, while in the evening, it can be
seen towards the East

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 10 ____ colour deviates the most during the dispersion of light through a prism

A red

B violet

C indigo

D orange

Shubham Jha - Class 10

 11 The refractive index of hot air is ________

A less then cool air

B Greater than cool air

C same as the cool air

D same as absolute RI of air

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 OUTER SPACE

ATMOSPHERE

Density Increases from top to bottom

EARTH
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 Point source of light

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 Apparent
Position Actual Position

Bends towards the normal

( Rarer to Denser )

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Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Planet are much closer to us as compared to stars.

Collection of point sources.

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Shubham Jha - Class 10
Apparent Position

Actual Position Of Sun

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Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
Shubham Jha - Class 10
5. Exercise Q: 2a Prove that i = e

P Q

S R

Shubham Jha - Class 10

Solution:
Put (2) and (3) in (1) P Q

1 …. ( 1 ) 1
gna = n
g a=
a ng
ang S R
At surface PQ Sin i 1
Sin i =
g n a= …. ( 2 ) Sin r Sin r
Sin r
Sin e
At surface SR
Sin i
Sin r = Sin e
ang = …. ( 3 ) Sin r Sin r
Sin e
Sin i = Sin e
i = e
Shubham Jha - Class 10
 Shubham Jha - Class 10

Shubham Jha - Class 10

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Shubham Jha - Class 10