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Classification of Computers Based On Its Generations

1) Computer generations are classified based on the underlying technology used, from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to microprocessors. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, and the fourth used microprocessors. 2) Key developments in the first generation included Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1830s and the ENIAC in 1943. The second generation saw the introduction of transistors, magnetic storage, and assembly languages. The third generation saw the rise of integrated circuits, timesharing, and high-level languages like FORTRAN. 3) The fourth generation was defined by microprocessors and VLSI circuits. This led to more powerful and compact personal computers. The fifth generation began

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57 views3 pages

Classification of Computers Based On Its Generations

1) Computer generations are classified based on the underlying technology used, from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to microprocessors. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, and the fourth used microprocessors. 2) Key developments in the first generation included Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1830s and the ENIAC in 1943. The second generation saw the introduction of transistors, magnetic storage, and assembly languages. The third generation saw the rise of integrated circuits, timesharing, and high-level languages like FORTRAN. 3) The fourth generation was defined by microprocessors and VLSI circuits. This led to more powerful and compact personal computers. The fifth generation began

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ASSINGMENT G.S.

E 123
COMPURT STUDIES
WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES CLASSIFY THE COMPUTER BASED ON
IT GENERATION?
THE INTRODUCTION
The generation of computer is a vital topic for almost all competitive exams
under computers fundamentals the generation of computers tells about the
evaluation of technology to distinguish the computer in term of varying hard ware
& software.
The generation of computer can be describe as the overall development of
computer technology respect of their size, power and memory. The computer
generation include both hard ware and software, which together make up an
energetic computer system.
THE GENERATION OF COMPUTER CAN BE CLASSIFY
1. First generation 1642-1955 vacuum tube base
2. 1959-1965 Transistor base
3. 1965-1971 Integrated circuit base
4. 1971-1980 Microprocessor base
FIRST GENERATION 1642-1955
In 1642 PASCAL, the 18 year old son of a French tax collector invited a device
to help his father with his duties, the box, called a PASCAL, use & dials to add
numbers up & figures land. As one dial move to 10 notches it moved the next dial
up a notch.
In 1694, Leibniz improve the PASCALINE by creating a machine that could also
multiply. In 1820, colmar improved the machine, the arithmetic, so it could do
the four basic arithmetic function.23
The true beginnings of computers as we know them today, began with on English
math professor, Charles Babbage. By 1812, he noticed a harmony between
machine & math. Machine ware best at performing jobs repeatedly without
mistake. 1822, Babbage invited the difference engine it was powered by steam &
was as large as a locomotive. After 10 years of work, he refined his machine in
to a general purpose computer called the analytical engine it hard over 50,000
part.
Over the following year several scientists refined calculators to do complex
operation. By second wold war, government looked to develop computers to help
with war time strategies. By 1941, Konard use develop the ze to design airplane
and missiles. In 1943, the British made a s cade- breaking computer called
colossus.
After that, a partner between the government and the University of pennsy/vania
produce the electronic numerical integrator & computer (ENIAC). This machine
had 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistor & 5,000,000 soldered joints. In 1951,
the UNIAC (Universal Automatic Computer). Built by Rington rand, become one
of first pioneers in commercial available computer to take advantage. Both the
U.S census bureau & General electric owned Univac’s.
First generation computer ware characterize by the fore that operation instruction
were made to order for the specifics task for which the computer was to be used.
Each computer had a different binary
Coded program called a machine language that told it how to operate.
SECOND GENERATION 1959-1965
The period of generation was from 1956-1965. In this generation, transistors ware
used that ware chapter, consumed less power, more compact in size, more
available and faster than the first generation machine made of vacuum tubes. In
this generation, magnetic cores were used as the primary and magnetic tape and
Magnetic disks as secondary storage device.
In this generation, assembly language & high level programing language like
COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming
operating system.
THIRD GENERATION 1965-1917
Third generation computer used integrated circuits in place transistors. With the
used of integrated circuit, these computer become reliable, generated less heat,
were small in size fast, very less maintenance,& were expensive it was developed
in 1958 Robert Noyce and jack kibly.
The period of this generation was from 1965-19665. The computer of third
generation integrated circuits (ISC) in place of transistor.
A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors Along with the
associated circuitry.
The IC invited by jack kibly. This development made computers reliable and
efficient. In this generation remote processing, time sharing, multiprogramming
operating system ware used. High level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV,
COBOL, PASCAL PL/I, BASIC) etc. were used during this generation.
FOURTH GENERATION 1971-1980
The period of fourth generation was from 1971-1980. Computer of fourth
generation used very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit technology. Therefore
they also known as the microprocessors.
The fourth of the third generation of computers was this eventually added more
benefit to computer technology. ENIAC, the first programmable general purpose
electronic digital computer.
Computer of the fourth generation were increasingly dependable. Powerful,
Compact & economical. As a result the personal computer revolution began.
In Addition, the microprocessor (1971) present) the fourth generation is defined
by two invitation, monoclinic intergrade circuits and the microprocessor. The
main characteristics of fourth generation of computers are. Mai electronic
component very large scale integration (VLSI) and microprocessor, containing
five. Separate unit and they are arithmetic and logic, memory output, and control
unit.
FIFTH GENERATION 2010 PRESENT
The period 2010 to tall date & beyond roughly considered as the period of fifth
generation of computer.
By the time, the computer of fifth generation had high capability and large
memory capacity. Working with computers of this generation was fast & multiple
tasks called be performed simultaneously?
Some of the popular advance technologies of the fifth generation include,
artificial intelligence, Quantum computation, nanotechnology, paravel
processing.
Reference
RESEARCH ITEMS LIKE, NEXT BOOK OF COMPUTER STUDIES AND
GOOGLE

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