THERMOFLEX

THERMOFLEX

Basics II
Modes & Component Types

© Thermoflow, Inc., 2011

 THERMOFLEX

Topics

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-2

 THERMOFLEX

1-1. Distinction between Design and Off-design Modes

➢ Design mode computations determine the size of a component, based on its assumed
thermodynamic duty
➢ Off-design (OD) mode computations determine the thermodynamic performance of a
component based on its size

Example 1: If a pipe is assumed to have a smaller pressure drop in design mode, the
design computation will size it to be larger. In off-design mode, its pressure drop will be
computed, dependent on flow rate and conditions. A larger pipe will have a smaller
pressure drop at any flow rate.

Example 2: If a heat exchanger is assumed to be more effective in design mode, the

design computation will size it with a larger heat transfer surface area. In off-design
mode, its effectiveness will be computed, dependent on flow rate and conditions. The
larger its surface area, the greater its effectiveness.

Size is “virtual” for THERMOFLEX components and “physical” for PEACE components.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-3

 THERMOFLEX

Modes & Component Types Tutorial - Topic 2

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-4

 THERMOFLEX

2-1. Distinction between PEACE & THERMOFLEX component types

➢ PEACE components are only usable by licensees of PEACE

➢ Each PEACE component has an equivalent, but simpler, THERMOFLEX component
➢ PEACE components are distinguished on the Icon Selector by their green borders
➢ PEACE components are based upon the detailed, physical engineering models of
GT PRO/GT MASTER, which are more accurate at off-design
➢ PEACE components provide cost estimates based on engineering specs

THERMOFLEX Components PEACE Components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-5

 THERMOFLEX
2-2. Difference between THERMOFLEX and PEACE components, e.g. pipe

Size is “virtual” for THERMOFLEX components and “physical” for PEACE components.

For a THERMOFLEX pipe: P = R m2 v

R = Resistance coefficient
m = mass flow rate
v = specific volume
R is the virtual sizing descriptor of the pipe. It is found from the flow conditions and
the assumed P in the design-mode calculation, and is used at off-design to compute
P as a function of flow conditions.

For a PEACE pipe: P = f (Le/D) 1/2  V2

f = friction factor, depends on Reynolds Number and wall roughness
Le = pipe equivalent length, after adjusting for fittings
D = pipe internal diameter
 = fluid mean density
V = fluid mean velocity
Physical sizing descriptors are pipe nominal diameter, schedule (or wall thickness),
material, roughness, length, number of fittings of each type. In design mode, diameter
is found based on pressure drop and other physical assumptions. At off-design,
pressure drop is computed from the dimensions.
February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-6
 THERMOFLEX

2-3. Difference between THERMOFLEX & PEACE components, e.g. Heat Exchanger

Size is “virtual” for THERMOFLEX components and “physical” for PEACE components.
Q= (UA) TLM = TLM/ Rt
For a THERMOFLEX HX:
Rt = Total Thermal Resistance = (UA)-1 = (hAAA) -1 + Rw + (hBAB) -1
The virtual sizing parameter is heat transfer ability at the design-point, (UA)D. This is
found from the design-point heat balance solution. The method of Thermal Resistance
Scaling allows one to scale heat transfer coefficients on the A-side and B-side of the
heat exchanger in proportion to the changing A-side and B-side mass flow rates:
hA,OD =hA,D (mA,OD / mA,D)x
hB,OD =hB,D (mB,OD / mB,D)y
Rw,OD = Rw,D
Thus, heat transfer ability at off-design, (UA)OD.is computed from that at the design-
point, (UA)D.
For a PEACE HX: A complete physical design of the heat exchanger is performed,
including number of tubes, their diameter and wall thickness, material, length, and fin
geometry, dimensions and materials, if applicable. This leads to a detailed, accurate
calculation of heat transfer coefficients at off-design, without resorting to the
approximations inherent in the method of Thermal Resistance Scaling.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-7

 THERMOFLEX

2-4. PEACE components have a two-step design process

To help the user, the program has logic that automatically selects physical design
criteria for PEACE components. Examples of these design criteria are:
(a) A high temperature steam pipe requires a material such as Cr-Mo steel,
whereas a steam pipe at modest temperature is generally made from carbon
steel.
(b) A high-flow, low-head pump is typically of the “vertical turbine” type, whereas
a high-head, low-flow pump is typically of the “multi-stage centrifugal” type.
Such criteria cannot be applied to initialise the inputs, unless the approximate
thermodynamic duty has already been established. Thus, the design process for
PEACE components is in two phases:
Thermodynamic Design (TD) Mode has no hardware-specific inputs, and just
finds the heat and mass balance solution.
Engineering Design (ED) Mode has hardware-specific inputs, to find component
physical design. The inputs are automatically initialised by the program, based on
the thermodynamic duty.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-8

 2-5. Modes for PEACE & THERMOFLEX components
THERMOFLEX

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-9

 THERMOFLEX

Modes & Component Types Tutorial - Topic 3

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-10

 FILE: PPTutorial.tfx
3-1. Load the file “PPTutorial.tfx” after it has been
THERMOFLEX computed in TD mode

Review Economiser [1]

inputs, by right-clicking on
the component and
selecting View Inputs…,
then return to Edit
Drawing mode to
introduce a PEACE
economiser in its place.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-11

 3-2. Modify the model, replacing TFX Economiser [1] by an
THERMOFLEX equivalent PEACE Economiser

In TD mode, after you Uncheck Drawing,

delete THERMOFLEX Economiser [1] and
insert in its place a PEACE Economiser.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-12

 THERMOFLEX 3-3. Edit TD inputs for new PEACE economiser

Edit the TD inputs of the new PEACE economiser, to make

them the same as those of the original THERMOFLEX
economiser. Check Inputs and Compute.

Use 2% (same as
TFX economiser)

Use 0.8” (about the same as Use 8 °F subcooling (same

0.002 in TFX economiser) as TFX economiser)

Use 1% (same as
TFX economiser)

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-13

 FILE: PPTutorial_1.tfx

THERMOFLEX 3-4. View TD mode result with PEACE Economiser [1]

The results in TD mode are identical (to within convergence tolerance), whether a PEACE or a
THERMOFLEX economiser is used, as long as their input assumptions are identical.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-14

 THERMOFLEX

Modes & Component Types Tutorial - Topic 4

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE
components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-15

 4-1. Switching to ED mode via the global switch
THERMOFLEX

Examine the available modes. Because the file now contains

PEACE components, the program does not allow going to Off-
design (OD) mode directly after TD computation. We have to
first continue with the design in ED mode, then compute to
engineer the PEACE components, before we can access OD
mode. Select Engineering Design (ED) mode.

Hint: Selecting ED mode from the main graphic screen, whether in output or input mode, will (a) switch
all PEACE components that had been in TD mode to their ED mode, with all defaults; (b) revert to the
input screen; and (c) set THERMOFLEX components to their TD mode (their only design mode).

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-16

 FILE: PPTutorial_1ED.tfx

THERMOFLEX 4-2. Main Input Screen in ED mode

ED mode is non-existent (or concurrent with TD

mode) for THERMOFLEX components, but PEACE
components have ED inputs to define their physical
design criteria. Let’s double-click on our PEACE
Economiser [1] to open its ED menus and review or
edit its hardware design inputs.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-17

 FILE: PPTutorial_1ED.tfx

THERMOFLEX 4-3. ED mode for PEACE Economiser: ED Main Inputs

This tab defines the main design assumptions

With Automatic Hardware

Design, the Hardware tab is
inaccessible, since its content
will be determined by the
Water-side mass flux will program during computation.
decide how many passes the The design pressure and
tube bundle should have. temperature are used for the
automatic selection of tube
material and wall thickness.
User-defined Hardware
Design allows you to access
the Hardware tab and dictate
its content.

Gas-side mass flux will set gas duct

cross-section. If you are building a
HRSG model with a uniform cross-
section, make sure all sections in
series have the same mass flux.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-18

 FILE: PPTutorial_1.tfx
4-4. ED mode for PEACE Economiser: ED Hardware
THERMOFLEX

This tab, accessible only with User-defined

hardware design, lets you set materials, geometry,
tube diameter and thickness, etc.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-19

 FILE: PPTutorial_1.tfx

THERMOFLEX

4-5. ED mode for PEACE Economiser: ED Other Inputs

This tab lets you change fouling

factors and other miscellaneous
inputs that will affect the
geometry and thermodynamic
performance of the component.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-20

 FILE: PPTutorial_1.tfx
4-6. ED mode for PEACE Economiser: TD Main Inputs
THERMOFLEX

This tab lets you change your TD assumptions, except

for the pressure drops, which are assumed in TD mode
but set by the physical hardware design in ED mode.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-21

 FILE: PPTutorial_1ED.tfx
4-7. Compute the example in ED mode
THERMOFLEX

After ED mode computation, you are likely to notice a

change in performance, in this case output changes
from 28,148 kW to 28,165 kW. The difference arises
from the fact that the economiser pressure drops,
which were assumed in TD mode, are now computed
from the physical hardware design in ED mode. Gas-
side P, assumed as 0.8” H2O, turned out to be
0.315”, which slightly increases GT output. Water-
side P, assumed as 2% of 25 psia (0.5 psi), turned
out to be 1.34 psi.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-22

 FILE: PPTutorial_1ED.tfx

THERMOFLEX 4-8. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: Heat Balance

This output provides a succinct tabulation of

the current thermodynamic solution.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-23

 FILE: PPTutorial_1ED.tfx
4-9. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: Specification
THERMOFLEX
This output provides a description of
the overall dimensions and weights of
the component.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-24

 4-10. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: Heat
THERMOFLEX Exchanger Hardware

This output provides a

description of the tube bundle,
showing its materials and all
key dimensions.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-25

 4-11. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: HX Heat
THERMOFLEX Transfer

This output lists the detailed

results of the heat transfer
calculations for the current
operating conditions.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-26

 4-12. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: Hardware
THERMOFLEX Graphics

This output provides a graphic

sketch of the tube bundle
layout, transverse and
longitudinal cross sections of
the economiser’s tubes, and a
summary of key outputs.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-27

 4-13. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: Tube Bundle
THERMOFLEX Overview

The Tube Bundle Overview

provides a graphic sketch of
the tube bundle layout. In our
example, each full tube row
has a single pass. The
automatic design scheme, with
all defaults, created this
arrangement to maintain an
adequate water-side velocity.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-28

 4-14. PEACE Economiser ED Mode output: TQ Diagram
THERMOFLEX

This output displays the

economiser’s TQ Diagram under
the current operating conditions.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-29

 THERMOFLEX

Modes & Component Types Tutorial - Topic 5

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-30

 FILE: PPTutorial.tfx
5-1. Switching “PPTutorial” to off-design mode via the global
THERMOFLEX switch

Select Off-design
(OD) mode

Hints:

1) Because this model has no PEACE

components, we can switch from TD mode
directly to OD mode.

2) Global mode selection is made from the

main graphic screen (input or output).
Selecting global off-design will (a) switch all
components that had been in design mode
to their default off-design mode; and (b)
revert to the input screen.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-31

 FILE: PPTutorial_OD.tfx

THERMOFLEX 5-2. Main Input screen in OD mode

Components such as Process, Sources, and

Sinks, have no distinction between design and
off-design. Components such as pumps or heat
exchangers do. Let’s double-click on our
Economiser [1] to open its menu

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-32

 FILE: PPTutorial_OD.tfx
5-3. Main OD inputs for THERMOFLEX Economiser [1]
THERMOFLEX

The Economiser Control Type pulldown

allows you to specify how the economiser will
react to changing flue gas and feedwater
conditions.

Heat loss can still be specified in OD mode, but

all other TD inputs are unavailable.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-33

 FILE: PPTutorial_OD.tfx
5-4. Other OD inputs for THERMOFLEX Economiser [1]
THERMOFLEX

TD inputs are unavailable

The OD modelling parameters, introduced

by default, are available for editing.

The virtual sizing descriptors, established

by the design calculations, are available for
editing. You may make the economiser
“larger in surface area”, by increasing its
design-point UA (Item 4), or you may
“increase its water-side flow cross-section”,
by reducing its resistance coefficient (Item
19). The virtual sizing descriptors for heat
transfer and pressure drop are uncoupled.
They are condensed descriptors, which may
be derived from a known physical hardware
design, but are insufficient to define the
physical hardware in and of themselves.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-34

 FILE: PPTutorial_1ED.tfx
5-4. Switching “PPTutorial_1ED” to off-design mode via the
THERMOFLEX global switch

Select Off-design
(OD) mode

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-35

 THERMOFLEX 5-5. OD mode Main Inputs for PEACE Economiser [1]

The Main Inputs tab has the control

inputs intrinsic to the Economiser
component. These include water
pressurization, water recirculation,
water bypass, and/or gas bypass to
control various parameters. Please
explore these inputs by selecting
various control options and
reviewing their corresponding
inputs, which will become enabled
as appropriate.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-36

 THERMOFLEX 5-6. OD mode Hardware inputs for PEACE Economiser [1]

The Hardware tab allows you to alter the design created by ED mode. You may explicitly edit the dimensions,
geometry, or materials of the Economiser component. Please explore this screen by editing the geometric
configuration variables and dimensions, and observe how the diagram adjusts to reflect your data.

The physical sizing descriptors

provide a comprehensive model of the
hardware, enabling accurate off-
design calculations, as well as size,
weight, cost and labour estimates.
These should be contrasted with the
virtual sizing descriptors for the
equivalent THERMOFLEX economiser.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-37

 THERMOFLEX 5-7. OD mode Other Inputs for PEACE Economiser [1]

As in ED mode, the Other Inputs tab allows you to edit miscellaneous parameters
that affect the geometry and thermodynamic performance of the component.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-38

 FILE: PPTutorial_1OD.tfx

THERMOFLEX 5-9. OD mode outputs

OD Mode outputs for PEACE components are essentially identical to those for ED
mode. If any design parameter is changed in the OD mode inputs, the effect of
that change will be reflected in both the performance and the cost estimate
outputs when the OD mode computation is run.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-39

 THERMOFLEX

5-10. Off-design performance differences between THERMOFLEX and PEACE components

In TD mode, PEACE components should yield identical results to equivalent

THERMOFLEX components (to within convergence tolerance, and assuming identical
inputs).

In ED mode, some differences from TD mode, usually minor, may arise with PEACE
components. This is because many PEACE components, such as heat exchangers and
pipes, have their pressure drops computed based upon their physical design, whereas
equivalent THERMOFLEX components have their pressure drops assumed by the user. If
the user enters the pressure drops computed by PEACE in ED mode into the equivalent
THERMOFLEX components in their design mode, results would be identical (to within
convergence tolerance).

In OD mode, the physical details of the PEACE components allow more accurate off-
design calculations. Thus, even if the design-point heat balances match, some
differences, usually minor, may arise between PEACE and THERMOFLEX components.

To explore these differences, we construct a HRSG model out of PEACE components, and
compare its part-load behaviour with that of an equivalent HRSG constructed out of
THERMOFLEX components.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-40

 FILE: PPTutorial_PCE.tfx
5-11. Construct a PEACE HRSG equivalent to the
THERMOFLEX THERMOFLEX HRSG in “PPTutorial”

Replace all HRSG components and feedpumps in

“PPTutorial.tfx” with equivalent PEACE components
(with the same TD inputs), compute in TD mode
then in ED mode with all defaults. The heat balance
results are almost identical in TD mode (28,146 kW
vs. 28,148 kW), as expected, and are very close
after the ED mode computation (28,180 kW vs.
28,148 kW).

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-41

 FILE: PPTutorial_PCE_OD.tfx

THERMOFLEX 5-12. Switch to OD mode and run

Switch to OD mode then run

the PEACE HRSG. Results should
be similar to those obtained with
ED mode.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-42

 THERMOFLEX 5-13. Run the PEACE HRSG across a range of GT loads

Return to Edit Inputs mode and define a 5-

run classic macro (Define > Classic Macro
Inputs), varying GT load from 60% to
100%. Check inputs and compute.
Messages advising of a steaming
economiser (acceptable within limits), as
well as suggesting the need for a larger
pump (a secondary detail in this example)
have been ignored for brevity.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-43

 FILE: PPTutorial_PCE_OD_m1.tfx
5-14. Create the macro output table and export it to Excel
THERMOFLEX

Define a classic macro output table

(Define > Classic Macro Outputs),
showing process mass flow rate, process
temperature, stack temperature, and
overall plant performance parameters.
Copy this table from the Text output
view and paste it in Excel.
February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-44
 FILE: PPTutorial_OD_m1.tfx FILE: PPTutorial.xls

THERMOFLEX
5-15. Construct a similar macro for the THERMOFLEX HRSG and compare in Excel

Starting from “PPTutorial_OD”, which is built solely from THERMOFLEX components, create a similar macro. Copy
its output table to the same Excel workbook.
Now you can compare the results with both types of components. They are very close in this example, but greater
differences may arise in other cases, particularly with supplementary firing.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-45

 FILE: PPTutorial.xls

THERMOFLEX

5-16. Compare process flow rates with both component types

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-46

 FILE: PPTutorial.xls

THERMOFLEX

5-17. Compare stack temperatures with both component types

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-47

 THERMOFLEX

Modes & Component Types Tutorial - Topic 6

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-48

 FILE: PPTutorial_PCE_OD.tfx
6-1. Suppose you wish to redesign the PEACE
THERMOFLEX Integral D/A component only

Global Mode, set at the main

input or output graphic screen,
applies to all components.

Local Mode, set from

within a component’s
menu, applies only to that
particular component.
Double click on the PEACE
Integral D/A to open its
menu. Set it to ED Mode
to redesign it, whilst all
other components are left
in their OD mode, to retain
their current designs.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-49

 THERMOFLEX 6-2. Redesign changes the current hardware

As the message indicates, reverting to ED mode for the Integral D/A will result in its
re-design. Thus, if you had explicitly edited any of its hardware parameters in OD
mode, your edits may be lost and replaced by the new design if these same
parameters are redefined or recomputed in ED mode.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-50

 6-3. Dictate bare tubes for the Integral D/A
THERMOFLEX

Set Hardware Design

to User-defined
(standard fin
geometry) then open
the Hardware tab
Select Bare Tubes and
set their Transverse
Pitch to 3”

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-51

 6-4. Compute to redesign the PEACE Integral D/A
THERMOFLEX with the new inputs

When you close the Integral D/A menu, you will notice that the Global Switch reports that we are
in Mixed ED+OD mode. This is because the D/A is now in ED mode while the other components
have remained in OD mode. Check Inputs and Compute to redesign the DA with the bare tubes
and geometry we just dictated. The other components will not be redesigned.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-52

 THERMOFLEX 6-5. View outputs with redesigned PEACE Integral D/A

When you compute, the Global Switch will show Mixed ED+OD
on the main output screen, and when you open the Integral
D/A’s component output, you will see that it is still in ED Mode.
You may review its PEACE outputs and ascertain whether the
new design is satisfactory.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-53

 6-6. You may see a component’s current mode by placing the
THERMOFLEX mouse pointer on it

When the pointer is moved to

any component, a tool-tip will
show its current mode

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-54

 6-7. You may see/change the current mode for each
component by selecting Component Modes… under the Edit
THERMOFLEX menu

If you highlight a component,

you can change its mode using
the pull-down list at the top of
this window

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-55

 THERMOFLEX 6-8. Set the PEACE Integral D/A to OD Mode

If you are satisfied with the new design of the

Integral D/A, you must set it back to OD Mode
via its own Local switch, to freeze it, before you
compute your off-design runs.
Caution: If you leave it in ED Mode and
change system parameters and compute, it
will be redesigned all over again!

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-56

 THERMOFLEX

Modes & Component Types Tutorial - Topic 7

1. Design & Off-design Modes

2. THERMOFLEX & PEACE components
3. Thermodynamic Design (TD) mode for both types
4. Engineering Design (ED) mode for PEACE components
5. Off-design (OD) mode for both types
6. Switching modes, global or local
7. Defined-performance mode for THERMOFLEX
components

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-57

 7-1. “Defined Performance” mode allows TD inputs to
THERMOFLEX be imposed….

This mode is available only for THERMOFLEX components which

have an off-design mode. Defined-performance inputs and
calculations are identical to those in TD Mode, but the calculation
results do not overwrite any of the virtual sizing parameters or
off-design inputs extant prior to the calculation.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-58

 THERMOFLEX 7-2. …. whilst retaining the component’s off-design inputs, which
will not be overwritten as with a TD mode calculation.

The virtual sizing descriptors will retain

their current values

Any OD modelling parameters will also

retain their current values

Hint: Defined Performance Mode is useful for imposing known results upon a component, or for simplified treatment of
components of secondary importance to the overall system model.

February 24 © Copyright Thermoflow, Inc., 2011 M-59