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CH 01

This document discusses measurement quantities and standards. It covers the three base SI quantities of length, mass, and time. Derived quantities are expressed in terms of base quantities. The SI system is the international standard for measurement agreed upon in 1960. The meter, kilogram, and second are defined in terms of the speed of light, a metal cylinder, and a cesium atom respectively. Other systems like CGS, English, and prefixes for scaling units are also covered.

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13 views15 pages

CH 01

This document discusses measurement quantities and standards. It covers the three base SI quantities of length, mass, and time. Derived quantities are expressed in terms of base quantities. The SI system is the international standard for measurement agreed upon in 1960. The meter, kilogram, and second are defined in terms of the speed of light, a metal cylinder, and a cesium atom respectively. Other systems like CGS, English, and prefixes for scaling units are also covered.

Uploaded by

suc10660215
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Measurement
Quantities Used
 Three base quantities
 Length
 Mass
 Time

 Derived quantities
 These are other quantities can be expressed
in terms of the three
Standards of Quantities

 Standardized systems
 agreed upon by some authority, usually a
governmental body
 SI –Systéme International

 agreed to in 1960 by an international


committee
 main system used in this text
Length

 Units
 SI –meter, m

 Defined in terms of a
meter –the distance
traveled by light in a
vacuum during a given
time
The meter is the length of the path
traveled by light in a vacuum
during a time interval of 1/299 792
458 of a second.
Time

 Units
 seconds, s

 Defined in terms of the


oscillation of radiation
from a cesium atom

One second is the time taken by


9 192 631 770 oscillations of the
light (of a specified wavelength)
emitted by a cesium-133 atom.
Mass

 Units
 SI –kilogram, kg

 Defined in terms of a
kilogram, based on a
specific cylinder kept at the
International Bureau of
Standards
Standard Kilogram
The SI standard of mass is a
platinum– iridium cylinder kept
at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures near
Paris and assigned, by
international agreement, a mass
of 1 kilogram. Accurate copies
have been sent to standardizing
laboratories in other countries,
and the masses of other bodies
can be determined by balancing
them against a copy.
A Second Mass Standard

 The atomic mass is the total number of protons


and neutrons in the element.
 Can be measured in atomic mass units, u

 1 u = 1.66 054 02 x 10-27 kg

 with an uncertainty of 10 in the last two


decimal places
CGS Units
 Length in centimeter (cm)
 Mass in gram (g)
 Time in second (s)
English System

 US Customary
 Length is measured in feet (ft)

 Time is measured in seconds

 Mass is measured in slugs

often uses weight, in pounds (lb), instead


of mass as a fundamental quantity
The International System of Base
Units (SI) Appendix A
Examples of Derived Quantities
 Units of force
 1 N (newton) = 1 kg  m/s2
 Units of energy
 1 J (joule) = 1 N  m = 1 kg 
m2/s2
 Units of power
 1 W (watt) = 1 J/s = 1 kg  m2/s3
 Units of pressure
 1 Pa (pascal) = 1 N /m2

 Weight: a quantity of force


 Weight = (Mass) (Gravitational Acceleration)

 1 kgw = 1 kg 9.8 m/s2 = 9.8 N


Prefixes

 Prefixes correspond to powers of 10


 Each prefix has a specific name

 Each prefix has a specific abbreviation


Prefixes, cont.
 The prefixes can be
used with any base
units
 They are multipliers
of the base unit
 Examples:
 1 mm = 10-3 m
 1 mg = 10-3 g

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