11

Practical
Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Learning from Others and
Reviewing the Literature
(Week 7 and Week 8)
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature
First Edition, 2020

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Editors: Kathy Lyn G. Daga-as and Charmaine Rose T. Estandarte
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Introductory Message
For the This Self-Learning Module (SLM) in Practical Research 1 is prepared
so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises and discussions are carefully stated for
you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to
the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module consists one (1), namely:

• Lesson 1 – Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. select relevant literature;
2. cite related literature using American Psychological Association
(APA) Format; and
3. present written review of literature.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. Why is Review of Related Literature necessary in conducting research?

A. It places your own research within the context of existing literature making a case
for why further study is needed.
B. It tests the validity of the study by using statistical tools in measuring the effects
of a certain phenomenon.
C. It adheres with the ethical principles of conducting a research study.
D. It enlightens the readers on the operational definition of the words being used in
the study.

2. How are entries ordered in a Reference list?

A. By title first, then author's last name, and then by date of publication
B. By author's last name first, then date of publication, then title
C. By date of publication first, then author's last name, then by title
D. By date publication and then title

3. Which of the following is the proper APA reference list from a general website
source with Digital Object Identification (DOI)?
I-Early Childhood Experiences.
II- (2007).
III- Abad, D.
IV-Retrieved on July 20, 2019, from,
http//:www.earlychildhood.edu.ph.

A. I-III-IV-II B. V-II-I-III C. III-II-I-V D. I-II-III-IV

4. How do you cite references in the beginning of the paragraph with two authors?

A. Sanchez and Terres (2004) stated that language development…

B. De Juan (2005) emphasized that psychosocial is…
C. Santos & Teves (2001) explained…
D. According to (Billones and Cruz, 2013) elucidated that physiological…

5. How do you cite references in the end of the paragraph with three authors?

A. …learning (Pedro, Santos, Luna, 2011).

B. …reading (Macaranas, Reyes & Bay, 2013).
C. …plain (Bautista & Esther, 2015)
D. …vocabulary (Sona, Pilar, Dattu, and Weng, 2009).

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 Lesson
Learning from Others and
1 Reviewing the Literature
Lesson 1 Lesson 4 discusses the importance of Review of Related Literature,
its definition and the ways on how to properly cite references using American
Psychological Association (APA) Format.

What’s In

Share your Experiences!

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your experiences in the past.
Write your answers on the blank provided.

1. What are the things that you have learned in the previous lesson?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. When your teacher gives you an assignment about a certain topic, where do you
usually search for an answer? Do you search and get it from the internet or from the
books? Do you acknowledge the author or writer of the reference where you base
your answer? If yes, how do you acknowledge them?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

All activities need your expertise and supervision. Please,
take time to have consultations along the research process.
Make sure to tell your students to have their own copy of
Research Worksheet 2 to be used in Research Worksheet 3
in the next module.

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 What’s New

Review of Related Literature (RRL) is the second chapter of a research paper.

It is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and
researchers. Thus, acknowledging the source and citing the author/s are necessary
for the researcher/s not to commit plagiarism. Through this, the research study is
still abiding to one of the ethical principles of conducting research.
“Genius borrows nobly.”
-Ralph Waldo Emerson-
1. What does the author mean about the statement?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Review of Related Literature

The Review of Related Literature (RRL) as the second chapter of a research
paper develops your understanding of the literature in a field of study. Calderon and
Gonzales (1993) explained that the goals of a literature review are a) information
seeking, it is the ability to understand the literature efficiently, using manual or
computerized methods, and b) critical appraisal, it is the ability to apply principles
of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies. Related studies is about reviewing
or studying existing works carried out in your project/research field. In conducting
a research paper, including literature review is very necessary because it identifies
gaps in the research area. Also, it carries on from what others have already completed
and fathoms the depth of knowledge of your subject area. RRL should be
paraphrased effectively to save space and keep your study more focused and to avoid
plagiarism and provide your own authorial voice in your paper
Example 1: A paragraph that can be used as a literature review for a
research paper and can be the basis in answering Research Worksheet 2:

Giroux (1989) describes voice as desirable in a democratic society as well as in schools

because schools and society are true reflections of one another. The relevance of voice and
democracy in schools raises the question about the prevailing status of student voice in
schools, most especially in public schools (Batchelor, 2006). Fielding (2012) states “listening to
the voices of young people … is not merely espoused, but actively advocated in the context of
formal education” (p.48). The voices of students should feature in every aspect of schooling;
by listening to students’ opinions, teachers will not only be better informed, but also more
effective as they facilitate their students’ education (Lee & Spires, 2009). Therefore, to
overcome the challenges of inequality in high schools is to engage in conversations with
students and include their views and opinions into the present-day school structure (Batchelor,
2006). Listening and acting on student voice to improve their educational experiences can be
a valuable way of moving inclusive educational practices forward to benefit all stakeholders.
Source: Adegboyega, M. (2015). Student voice: a qualitative case study of teachers' conceptions in a New Jersey
urban high school. Retrieved from, https://adv.rowan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=147&context=etd

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 The APA Format
I. Reference Citations in Text:
Referencing allows you to acknowledge the contribution of other writers and
researchers in your work. Referencing is also a way to give credit to the writers from
whom you have borrowed words and ideas. Reference citations in text comprises
author surname/s, and the publication date of the source within the body of the
essay or report. It is inserted directly after the information being sourced from the
scientific literature.

In-text Citation Authors Example

De Pedro (2018) conducted a
One (1) Author
A. Beginning of the sentence study on…
• Write the author’s last De Pedro and Diaz (2017) posited
Two (2) Authors
name and the year of that…
publication first.
Enclose the year of De Pedro, Diaz and Jordan (2018)
Three (3) Authors
publication with discussed about…
parentheses. De Pedro, et al. (2017) emphasized
Multiple Authors
that…
B. After the sentence or
One (1) Author …(De Pedro, 2018).
paragraph
• Write and enclose with
Two (2) Authors …(De Pedro & Diaz, 2017).
parentheses both the
author’s last name and
the year of publication. Three (3) Authors …(De Pedro, Diaz & Jordan, 2018).
• Use an ampersand
instead of the word
“and” inside the Multiple Authors …(De Pedro, et al., 2017).
parentheses

II. Reference List:

A. Books - References to an entire book must include the following elements:
author(s) or editor(s), date of publication, title, place of publication, and the name of
the publisher.

No Author or Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2003).

editor, in print Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster.

One (1) author, Kidder, T. (1981). The soul of a new machine. Boston, MA: Little,
in print Brown & Company.

Two (2) Frank, R. & Bernanke, B. (2007). Principles of macro-

authors, in print economics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Gibbs, J., & Huang, L. (Eds.). (2001). Children of color:
Edited book Psychological interventions with culturally diverse youth. San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

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B. Internet Sources - References from an internet source must include the
following elements: author(s) or editor(s), date of publication, title, retrieved from
URL of the article.

Student voice: a qualitative case study of teachers' conceptions in a

No Author or New Jersey urban high school. (2015). Retrieved
editor, in print from, https://adv.rowan.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?
article=147&context=etd

Adegboyega, M. (2015). Student voice: a qualitative case study of

One (1) author, teachers' conceptions in a New Jersey urban high school.
in print Retrieved from, https://adv.rowan.edu/cgi/
viewcontent.cgi?article=147&context=etd

Adegboyega, M. & Frank, R. (2015). Student voice: a qualitative

Two (2) case study of teachers' conceptions in a New Jersey urban high
authors, in print school. Retrieved from, https://adv.rowan.
edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=147&context=etd

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Rewrite and Cite References!

Instructions: Arrange and rewrite the following elements of citing sources accordingly
based on the APA format.
1. Developmental Reading 1.
Bernardo, A.
(2011).
Rex Bookstore, Inc.
Quezon City:
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Menoy, J.
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
21st-Century Literature of the Philippines and the World.
Mandaluyong City:
(2016).
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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3. Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign/Second Language.
(2016).
Retrieved on July 22, 2017,
Rani, K.
from, http://www.iairs.org/PAPERS_V1-I1/PAGE%2096%20-%2098.pdf
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. (1999).
Are you with it?.
Retrieved on January 30, 2018,
Wuest, D.
from, http://www.pecentral.org/climate/april99article.html
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 1.2 Give What Is Asked!

Instructions: Provide the necessary information needed in the following items.
1. Based on What Is It part, what is the importance of literature review in writing a
research paper?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Based on the example given above in What Is It part, how did the writer cite
his/her references? What are the elements that the author used in citing his
references?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. In citing related literature and studies, the researcher should learn to

paraphrase the ideas and cite the references. Why is that so?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

RESEARCH WORKSHEET 2
(Please, refer to Research Worksheet 1 in Module 3)
Instructions. Based on your desired title, look and read for at least five (5)
related literatures and studies. Then, write and paraphrase the articles you have read
either from books, journals, researches or internet sources on the space provided
below. Cite your references using APA format and secure a copy of this worksheet
to be used in the next module. (An example is given in What Is It part)

A. Reference Citations in Text

B. Reference List

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Rubric for Research Worksheets
Criteria 3 5 8 10 Points
Information given
Information given Information given Information given
is somewhat
Content is not enough and
enough and
is almost enough is enough and
substantial. and substantial. substantial.
substantial.
Ideas are Ideas are
Ideas are Ideas are almost
Organization disorganized
somewhat
organized.
organized
organized. properly.
Information given Information given Information given Information given
Accuracy commits ample is somewhat free is almost free from is free from any
errors. from any errors. any errors. errors.
Few of the Almost of the
All sentence Sentence
sentence sentence
Grammar structures are
structures are structures are
structures are all
ungrammatical. grammatical.
grammatical. grammatical.

Assessment

Instructions. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if otherwise.

_____________1. Literature Review gives the researcher a foundation of what he/she

wants to study.
_____________2. Citing references will give credits to authors and scholars which is
also one of the ethical principles of conducting researcher papers.
_____________3. Reading related literature and studies feeds the researcher with
limited information and it is time consuming.
_____________4. Acknowledging references can be somehow neglected in some point
to save time.
_____________5. Citing sources and references strengthens and supports research
findings for a substantial discussion.

Additional Activities

Activity 1.3 Share Your Thoughts!

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your experiences in the past.
Write your answers on the space provided.
1. What are the challenges that you experienced in choosing related literature and
studies for your research?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the things you have learned in this lesson?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

TRUE 5. B 5.
FALSE 4. A 4.
FALSE 3. C 3.
TRUE 2. B 2.
TRUE 1. A 1.

Assessment What I Know

References
Calderon, J. & Gonzales, E. (1993). Related literature and studies: in methods of
research and thesis writing. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.

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