ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,

15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF WTIV LEG DESIGN CONSIDERING SOIL

CHARACTERISTICS FOR KOREAN WEST-SOUTH OFFSHORE WIND ZONE
T M Cho, J S PARK, Y S Ha, J H Jeon and K B Jang, Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Korea

SUMMARY

In this study, sensitivity analysis of WTIV (Wind Turbine Installation Vessel) leg for the Korean west-south offshore wind
zone is performed considering soil characteristics. Firstly, environmental conditions and seabed characteristics of the
Korean west-south offshore wind zone is collected and investigated. Based on these data, design specifications are
established and the overall basic design is performed. The sensitivity analysis of WTIV leg design for the Korean west-
south offshore wind zone due to changes of soil characteristics is performed. It is observed that the WTIV leg design is
very sensitive to soil characteristics. The structural integrity of the WTIV leg is verified through the code check and the
adequate safety margin is observed. The results of this study can be expected as practical and useful data for the design of
the WTIV for the Korean west-south offshore wind zone.

1. INTRODUCTION considering soil characteristics. The environmental

conditions and seabed characteristics of the Korean west-
In order to prepare the global warming and shortages of south offshore wind zone are first collected and
fossil fuels, the Korean government planned to develop investigated. Then the design specifications are
offshore wind zones located at the west-south part of the established, and the overall basic design is performed. The
Korean Peninsula. The Korean west-south offshore wind sensitivity analysis of the WTIV leg design for the Korean
zone, shown in Figure 1, is regarded as the most suitable west-south offshore wind zone due to changes of soil
area for the generation of wind energy in Korea. The characteristics is performed. The structural integrity of the
development schedule is divided into 3 steps such as WTIV leg is verified through finite element analysis and
verification, pilot, and expansion phase as shown in Table the code check. The conclusions are discussed in the last
1. During step 1(verification phase), environmental section.
conditions, seabed characteristics, estimation of spudcan
penetration force, and design of leg and jacking system for 2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
the WTIV (Wind Turbine Installation Vessel) are to be
developed. The environmental conditions of the Korean west-south
offshore wind zone are investigated based on direct
measurements of that area and literature surveys.

2.1 DIRECT MEASUREMENTS

The wave measurement points are shown in Figure 2 and

the statistical results of the wave measurement are shown
in Table 2. In Table 2, Tz, Hs, and Dir. mean the zero-up
crossing period, significant wave height, and wave
direction, respectively. The water depth of the Korean
west-south offshore wind zone is also measured, as shown
in Figure 3 and 4. As depicted in Figure 4, about 40 m is
observed as the maximum water depth.

Figure 1: Korean west-south offshore wind zone

Table 1: Development schedule of Korean west-south

offshore wind zone
Development phase
Item
Verification Pilot Expansion
Capacity 100 MW 400 MW 2,000 MW
Development
2012-2015 2016-2017 2018-2020
schedule*
*Development schedule can be changed accordingly

In this study, sensitivity analysis of the WTIV leg for the

Korean west-south offshore wind zone is performed Figure 2: Wave measurement points

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

 ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

Table 2: Statistical results of wave measurement surveys. Tables 3 and 4 show the cumulative probability
of occurrence for sea states and design conditions based
on a 50-year return period, respectively. These data are
obtained from the Korea Institute of Ocean Science &
Technology (KIOST) report [1]. The design conditions for
each return period for the Korean west-south offshore
wind zone, which were studied by Jeong et al. [2], are
summarized in Table 5. The design conditions for the wind
velocity are determined to be 41 m/sec based on the
literature surveys [3].

Table 3: Cumulative probability of occurrence for sea

state [1]

Sea state Cumulative probability

Hs (m) Tz (sec) of occurrence (%)
2.0~2.5 8~9 95
1.5~2.0 7~8 90
1.5~2.0 5~6 85
1.0~1.5 6~7 80
1.0~1.5 5~6 75
1.0~1.5 ~4 70

Table 4: Design conditions [1]

Design conditions for each wave direction

Sea state (50-year return period)
SW W WNW NW
Hs (m) 6.06 5.56 6.91 7.00
Tz (sec) 11.92 10.67 11.86 11.76

Table 5: Design conditions for each return period [2]

Return period Wave

Hs (m) Tz (sec)
(year) direction
Figure 3: Wave region for water depth 1 NW 3.64 10.24
10 NW 6.18 12.51
20 NW 6.50 12.76
50 NW 6.86 13.02
100 NW 7.11 13.20

3. OVERALL BASIC DESIGN OF WTIV

The environmental conditions have been investigated

through direct measurements and literature surveys. Based
on these data, the design specifications and overall basic
design of the WTIV for the Korean west-south offshore
wind zone are determined.

In the basic design, a 4-leg type of WTIV is considered.

The total leg length is determined to be 105 m, as shown
in Table 6. The air gap is determined to be 9.0 m based on
Figure 4: Results of water depth the environmental conditions. In Figure 4, 40 m is
observed as the maximum water depth. However, 55 m of
2.2 LITERATURE SURVEYS the water depth is selected for the design of the total leg
length, with a consideration of some design margin.
The environmental conditions of the Korean west-south Figure 5 shows the composition of the total leg length
offshore wind zone are also investigated through literature described in Table 6.

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

Table 7 shows the design specifications of the transit and 4. SEABED CHARACTERISTICS
DP (dynamic positioning), reloading, crane operation, and
survival conditions. Among all the conditions, the survival 4.1 POSSIBILITY OF PUNCH-THROUGH
condition is generally the most severe case for the majority
of the structures. The maximum wave height and wind The seabed characteristics of the Korean west-south
velocity are determined to be 13.76 m and 41 m/sec for the offshore wind zone are investigated through direct
survival condition, respectively. measurements and literature surveys. Figure 6 shows the
measurement points for the seabed characteristics. In Fig.
Table 6: Total leg length 6, 8 points (NO.1-NO.8) have been measured by the Korea
Electric Power Research Institute [4]. Other points
Parameter Data (OW.1-OW.8 and OWW.1-OWW.8) have been measured
Leg reserve 2.5 m by the authors through the national project acknowledged
Jack case height 12.5 m at the end of this paper.
WTIV depth 11.0 m
Air gap 9.0 m
Max. water depth 55.0 m
Penetration depth 15.0 m
Total Approximately 105.0 m

Figure 6: Measurement points for seabed characteristics

Figure 7 shows the seabed characteristics of the

measurement points. In the standard penetration test, the
N value, shown in Figure 7, is the number of hammer
strikes required to drive the split spoon sampler into the
soil to a certain depth. The N value is generally corrected
based on the experimental conditions such as the hammer
and sampler efficiency. In Figure 7, the measured points
NO.1-NO.4, NO.6, OW.3, OW.4, and OW.8 show stable
characteristics, whereas there is the possibility of a punch-
Figure 5: Composition of total leg length through at the measured points NO.5, NO.7, NO.8, OW.1,
OW.2, OW.5-OW.7, and OWW.1-OWW.8. Table 8
shows the soil properties at the measured points NO.1 and
Table 7: Design specification of WTIV NO.8 [4]. In Table 8, φ, cu, and γ’ represent the angle of
internal friction for the sand, submerged unit weight, and
undrained shear strength, respectively. These data are
required to estimate the spudcan penetration force.

Table 8: Soil properties of Korean west-south offshore

wind zone [4]

Depth (m) γ’
cu
Position Layer Soil φ (°) (kN/m2)
Top Base (kPa)
(assumed)
of unit of unit
1 Sand 0.0 32.0 35 - 10
2 Clay 32.0 42.0 - 20 10
NO.1 3 Sand 42.0 63.0 30 - 10
Weathered
4 63.0 67.0 25 - 10
soil
1 Sand 0.0 6.0 41 - 10
2 Clay 6.0 27.0 - 13 10
NO.8 3 Sand 27.0 39.0 36 - 10
Weathered
4 39.0 41.0 43 - 10
rock

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

 ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

In the design of the jack-up or WTIV, the estimation of the 4.2 SOIL STIFFNESS OF KOREAN WEST-
spudcan penetration force is an important step. So far, SOUTH OFFSHORE WIND ZONE
many studies have been performed on the design of the
spudcan and the spudcan penetration force [5~6]. In this Figure 9 shows effect of spudcan-soil fixity [8]. Figure 10
study, the spudcan penetration force for the Korean west- shows bending moment diagram for pinned and fixed
south offshore wind zone is estimated based on the conditions. If soil fixity effect is considered, the bending
SNAME rule [7]. The SNAME rule is widely accepted in moment at the lower guide can be reduced. Therefore
offshore engineering, and the conservative results are lighter scantlings are possible in the upper portion of leg
obtained through the SNAME rule. and hull-leg interface region. Even though pinned
constraint is regarded as the more conservative method,
The spudcan penetration force has already been studied by partially-fixed constraint can be also useful for the
Cho et al [5]. The spudcan is assumed to be a flat, circular, strength estimation of the WTIV leg.
cross-sectional area of 100 m2 with height of 2 m. At the
measured point NO.1, the seabed can resist about 14,000
tons without the punch-through phenomenon occurring.
However, at the measured point NO.8, the seabed can
resist only 1,500 tons and then the punch-through
phenomenon occurs. The estimated spudcan penetration
force can be useful and practical data for the design of the
spudcan.

(a) NO.1 point [5]

(a) NO.1~NO.8 [4]

(b) NO.8 point [5]

(b) OW.1~OW.8 Figure 8: Spudcan penetration force

(c) OWW.1~OWW.8

Figure 7: N value vs penetration depth curve Figure 9: Effect of spudcan-soil fixity [8]

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

properties, allowable criteria, and loading conditions

(static and dynamic components), are required.

The parameters for the strength analysis of the WTIV leg

are summarized in Table 9. The material properties and
allowable stresses are summarized in Tables 10 and 11,
respectively. In Table 11, the code checks are calculated
based on the ARI RP 2A-WSD 21st criterion for the
tubular members such as the brace and the AISC 13th
criterion for the non-tubular members such as the chord
and rack.

Figure 10: Bending moment for pinned and fixed Table 9: Parameters for strength analysis of WTIV leg
conditions
In order to perform sensitivity analysis of the WTIV leg Parameter Data
for the Korean west-south offshore wind zone, the soil Hull main dimension (L×B×D) 124.8 m×40 m×11 m
stiffness needs to be obtained. In this study DNV CN 30.4 Lightweight (MT) 12,000
[9] is used. Most of the parameters are obtained through Payload (MT) 6,000
the actual soil investigation for the Korean west-south Crane load Not operating
offshore wind zone and some parameters are obtained LCG, TCG, VCG (m)* 73.79, 0.0, 20.0
from the references [7, 9]. In DNV CN 30.4 [9], the initial Design leg length (m) 105
stiffness can be calculated through Equations (1)~(3). Water depth (m) 55
These parameters can be possible to represent as actual Air gap (m) 9.0
overturning behavior against environmental loads such as
Leg chord distance (m) 8.0
wind, current and wind.
Leg bay height (m) 4.2
 Vertical (Z) : Wave height (m) 13.7
Wave period (s) 12.0
4GR  1D  Surface current (m/s) 1.029 (1/7 power law)
KZ  1   (1) Wind speed (m/s) 41.0
1  2R 
Wave reduction factor 0.86
Current blockage factor 1.0
 Horizontal (X)
Spudcan penetration (m) 3.0-15.0
Marine growth No marine growth
8GR  2D  (2)
KX  1   CD/CM for rack and chord** 1.0, 1.8/2.0
2   3R  CD/CM for braces 0.65/2.0
Wave theory Stream function 5th order
 Rocking (θ) *LCG (longitudinal center of gravity), TCG (transverse
center of gravity), VCG (vertical center of gravity)
8GR  D  **CD (drag coefficient), CM (inertia coefficient)
K  1  2  (3)
3 1     R  Table 10: Material property of WTIV leg

Where, Minimum yield

R : radius of foundation in contact with soil Part Material grade
strength (MPa)
G : initial shear modulus of soil for infinitesimal strains Rack plate Dillimax 690 MOD 690.0
ν : Poisson’s ration Chord pipe ASTM A-514H MOD 690.0
D : embedment of the maximum diameter section Chord stiffener pipe ASTM A-514H MOD 690.0
Braces EN S355 355.0
5. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF WTIV LEG
DESIGN CONSIDERING SOIL STIFFNESS
Table 11: Allowable stress
5.1 PREPARATION OF STRENGTH ANALSYS
Operating Survival
FOR WTIV LEG Stress type
condition condition
Axial and bending stress (MPa) 552.0 600.0
In order to perform the global in-place analysis of the
WTIV leg, all kinds of engineering data, such as the main Shear stress (MPa) 363.1 379.1
dimension of the WTIV leg, analysis parameters, material Equivalent stress (MPa) 627.2 657.1

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

 ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

The leg property data are indicated in Table 12. Figure 11 The flow chart of the global in-place analysis of the WTIV
shows actual 3D view of one bay of the WTIV leg leg is shown in Figure 12. During the first step of the
structure. In case of the strength analysis model of the leg calculation, the static results, such as of both the base shear
structure, the equivalent section properties as rectangular and Overturning Moment (OTM) at the end of the spudcan,
shape are used in the SACS software. are estimated. Then the natural frequency based on the
SDOF (Single Degree Of Freedom) model is estimated
Table 12: Leg property data during the second step of the calculation. The Dynamic
Amplification Factor (DAF) is defined by the use of the
Type of leg 3-chorded truss type classical method based on the previous results depending
Chord distance Approximately 8.0 m on the wave heading angles. After these procedures, a
reanalysis is performed to consider the newly updated
Type of chords Split pipe with opposed teeth rack
inertia loads.
Thickness of rack in chord 177 mm thick and 995 mm wide

Bracing type Fully-crossed X-type bracing The strength analysis of the WTIV leg is performed with
the use of Structural Analysis Computer System (SACS)
Chord steel min. yielding stress 690 MPa software and code checks. The SACS model of the WTIV
Penetration depth Min. 3 m/Max. 15 m leg for the strength analysis is shown in Figure 13. The
considered loading conditions in the global in-place
analysis of the WTIV leg are shown in Table 13. A total
of four cases of loading directions are considered, as
shown in Figure 14.

Figure 11: Actual one bay model in leg structure

In the strength analysis, the following methodologies are

applied:
 All the members in the leg structure are modelled
as beam elements. The hull is idealized as a
grillage, and equivalent properties of the hull are
assigned.
 The members forming the leg-to-hull connection
are modelled as axial compressive elements with
respective initial gaps between the rack and gear
distance.
 The spudcans are modelled as rigid beams
connecting the leg chords to the pinned support
that is at half the depth of the spudcan penetration.
 The gravity loads, such as the self-weight of the
legs, lightship weight, and payload, are applied
to the structure. The lightship weight and payload
are applied as uniform loads, and global
moments are applied to correct the center of
gravity (COG) of the applied loads. Figure 12: Flow chart of strength analysis for WTIV leg
 The basic environmental loads are applied to the
structure in various combinations with the
gravity loads.
 The structure is analysed under the applied loads,
with the P-Δ large deflection effect being taken
into account.
 7% damping is assumed on the basis of the
SNAME T&RB 5-5A guidelines [7].
 The structure is also checked for the available
factor of safety against overturning on the basis
of the DNV-RP-C104 recommended practice
[10]. Figure 13: SACS model for strength analysis

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

Table 13: Loading conditions in global in-place analysis Table 14: Overturning stability calculation [5]
of the WTIV leg
Overturning Stabilizing
Angle Mx My dx dy e SMRF* Mso Factor Remark
moment moment
[deg.] [kN-m] [kN-m] [cm] [cm] [m] (kN-m) [kN-m] of safety (1)
Loading combination [kN-m] [kN-m]
Load 0 -2.06E+04 1.34E+06 1.34E+06 69.98 1.43 0.700 2.40E+05 8.17E+06 7.93E+06 5.93 OK
Subcase Self- Pay Con- Wind Inertia Wave
case 30 -8.10E+05 1.28E+06 1.52E+06 67.4 60.39 0.905 2.88E+05 9.68E+06 9.39E+06 6.19 OK
weight load sumable load load load 60 -1.72E+06 8.22E+05 1.91E+06 50.55 116.92 1.274 3.74E+05 8.18E+06 7.81E+06 4.09 OK

1 1 O O O - - - 90 -2.00E+06 -1.27E+05 2.01E+06 0.97 137.32 1.373 3.97E+05 4.35E+06 3.95E+06 1.97 OK

120 -1.66E+06 -7.68E+05 1.83E+06 -48.57 111.63 1.217 3.61E+05 8.26E+06 7.90E+06 4.33 OK
2 - - - - - O(1) 150 -7.66E+05 -1.27E+06 1.49E+06 -67.02 54.42 0.863 2.78E+05 9.56E+06 9.28E+06 6.25 OK

3 O O O O - - 180 -1.51E+04 -1.39E+06 1.39E+06 -71.62 1.08 0.716 2.44E+05 8.33E+06 8.08E+06 5.83 OK

4 4 cases of O O O - O -
210 8.31E+05 -1.30E+06 1.54E+06 -66.61 -59.69 0.894 2.86E+05 9.18E+06 8.90E+06 5.78 OK

loading 240 1.69E+06 -7.75E+05 1.86E+06 -47.18 -113.84 1.232 3.65E+05 7.59E+06 7.23E+06 3.89 OK

5 directions O O O - O O(1) 270 1.98E+06 -1.34E+05 1.98E+06 2.04 -135.77 1.358 3.94E+05 4.35E+06 3.96E+06 2.00 OK

300 1.68E+06 7.75E+05 1.85E+06 48.19 -114.06 1.238 3.66E+05 7.52E+06 7.15E+06 3.87 OK
6 O O O - - - 330 7.43E+05 1.23E+06 1.44E+06 64.92 -55.56 0.854 2.76E+05 9.05E+06 8.77E+06 6.10 OK

7 O O O O O O(1) *SMRF : stabilizing moment reduction factor

LC 1: Modal analysis for the estimation of DAF. (stabilizing moment= Mso-SMRF)
LC 2: Estimation of max. base shear amplitude for inertia load. (1)
Allowable safety factor: 1.05
LC 3 to LC 6: Overturning moment analysis and strength analysis of
leg for partial combination.
LC 7: Overturning moment analysis and strength analysis of leg.
5.3 GLOBAL IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF LEG
(1)
Wave load: 15° interval of phase angle is applied from 0° to WITHOUT SOIL STIFFNESS
360°.
In case of without soil stiffness, the pinned conditions are
also applied as shown in Figure 15. For all the considered
loading conditions, the results of the unity check for all the
members satisfy the allowable value of 1.0. The maximum
combined unity check plot is shown in Figure 16 [5]. The
0.75 of the maximum value of the unity check is calculated
at the connection of between lower guide and chord
members.

Member result:
Combined UC
Figure 14: Four cases of loading directions

5.2 STABILITY AGAINT OVERTURNING

In the calculation of overturning stability against

environmental loads, the pinned conditions are applied at
the bottom of the legs as shown in Figure 15. Table 14
shows the overturning stability calculation and the factor
of safety. The 1.97 of the minimum safety factor is
calculated and compared the allowable criteria of 1.05. It
is seen that the designed WTIV leg has enough safety Figure 16: Maximum combined unity check (UC) plot
margin against environmental loads [5]. (without considering soil stiffness) [5]

5.4 GLOBAL IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF LEG

WITH SOIL STIFFNESS

In this case, the calculated soil stiffness in Section 4.2, is

applied as shown in Figure 17. The maximum combined
unity check plot is shown in Figure 18. The 0.303 of the
maximum value of the unity check is calculated. The
maximum value of the unity check is calculated at the
connection of between lower guide and chord members as
well as brace member at the lower part in leg, since the
diagram of bending moment is rapidly changed according
Figure 15: Analysis model with pinned constraint to change the boundary condition as mentioned Figures
condition 9~10.

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

 ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

overall basic design is performed. Through this study, it

can be seen that the code check results of the WTIV leg
for the Korean west-south offshore wind zone are much
improved if the soil stiffness is considered. The results of
this study can be expected as practical and useful data for
the development of the Korean west-south offshore wind
zone.

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was supported by the New & Renewable

Energy of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology
Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant (No.
20123010020090), which was funded by the Ministry of
Figure 17: Analysis model with soil stiffness condition
Knowledge Economy of the Government of South Korea.
Member result:
Combined UC
8. REFERENCES

1. Korea Institute of Ocean Science and

Technology, ‘Deep Water Design Waves for
Whole Sea Areas of the Korean Peninsula’,
Report No. BSPE95100-1767-2, 2005.

2. JEONG, S. T., KO, D. H., PARK, H. J. and LEE,

I. H., ‘An Analysis of the Marine Design
Conditions for Development of Offshore Wind
Farm in the Western Sea of Korea’, Proceedings
of the Korea Wind Energy Association 2012
Spring Conference, pp. 11-15, 2012.
Figure 18: Maximum combined unity check (UC) plot
(with considering soil stiffness)
3. LEE, Y. K., LEE, S. S., HAM, H. J. and
BIENKIEWICZ, B., ‘Estimation of Design Wind
5.5 DISCUSSION
Speed for Offshore Structures’, Trans. of The
Wind Engineering Institute of Korea, Vol. 13, No.
Both the two cases (without/with considering soil
3, pp. 129-135, 2009.
stiffness), the maximum values of the unity check are
greater than the allowable value. It is seen that the
4. Korea Electric Power Research Institute,
designed WTIV leg has enough safety margin against the
‘Geotechnical Report of Korean West-South
overturning moment and the structural integrity of the
Offshore Wind Zone’, Report No. TM.8034.
WTIV leg is verified through the code checks. The WTIV
P2011.0600, 2011.
leg of the Korean west-south offshore wind zone is
conservatively design to account for the various kinds of
5. CHO, T. M., PARK, J. S., HA, Y. S., KIM, B. J.
uncertainties during the developing schedule. The code
and JANG, K. B., ‘Global in-place analysis of
check results of the WTIV leg are dramatically reduced
WTIV leg for Korean west-south offshore wind
from 0.75 to 0.303. Through this study, it is observed that
zone’, Journal of Ocean and Wind Energy, Vol.
the WTIV leg design is very sensitive to soil
2, No. 2, pp. 121-127, 2015.
characteristics. Even though it’s hard to obtain the actual
soil stiffness of the target area but it should be deserved to
6. MERIFIELD, R. S., LYAMIN, A. V., SLOAN,
try it.
S. W. and YU, H. S., ‘Three-dimensional lower
bound solutions for stability of plate anchors in
6. CONCLUSIONS
clay’, Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-
environmental Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp.
The sensitivity analysis of the WTIV leg of the Korean
243-253, 2003.
west-south offshore wind zone is performed considering
soil characteristics. The environmental conditions and
7. The Society of Naval Architects and Marine
seabed characteristics of the Korean west-south offshore
Engineers, ‘SNAME Technical & Research
wind zone are firstly investigated and collected through
Bulletin 5-5A : Guidelines for Site Specific
both direct measurements and literature surveys. Based on
Assessment of Mobile Jack-Up Units’, 2002.
these data, design specifications are established and the

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects

ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions,
15-16 September 2015, Busan, Korea

8. ABS Seminar, ‘Fundamentals Self-Elevating

MODU’, 2012.

9. Det Norske Veritas, ‘Classification Notes – No.

30.4 : Foundation’, 1992.

10. Det Norske Veritas, ‘Recommended Practice

DNV-RP-C104: Self-Elevating Units’, 2011.

9. AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY

T M Cho holds the current position of Senior Engineer at

Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Korea. He is
responsible for structural analysis of ships and offshore
structures. His experience includes reliability-based
design optimization and finite element analysis.

J S Park holds the current position of Senior Engineer at

Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Korea. He is
currently responsible for managing ship and offshore
R&D activities. His latest research areas focus on offshore
topside engineering and risk assessment against accidental
cases.

Y S Ha holds the current position of Engineer at Samsung

Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Korea. He is responsible for
structural analysis of ships and offshore structures. His
experience includes fatigue and fracture of steel structure.

J H Jeon holds the current position of Assistant Engineer

at Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Korea. He is
responsible for structural analysis of ships and offshore
structures. His experience includes finite element analysis
and optimization.

K B Jang holds the current position of Principal Engineer

at Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Korea. He is
responsible for structural analysis of ships and offshore
structures. His experience includes structural safety and
optimization.

© 2015: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects