Computer Networks (CSC305)

Course Outline:

- Overview of Data Communication and Networking

- Physical Layer
- Data Link Layer
- Logical Link Control (LLC)
- Medium Access Control (MAC)
- Network Layer
- Transport Layer
- Application Layer
 Computer Networks (CSC305)
References:

- Data Communication and Network

- B. Forouzan (McGraw-Hill Publications)

- Computer Networks
- Andrew S. Tanenbaum (Pearson Education Asia)

- Data and Computer Communications

- William Stallings (Pearson Education Asia)
 Computer Networks (CSC305)
Distribution of Marks:
Component Marks Number of Duration Scheduled Date Scheduled Time
Questions
Quiz – I 10 ≈ 30 MCQ 20 Mins 23 February 2024 From 1:15 PM
Mid Semester 32 Descriptive 120 Mins To be announced To be announced
Quiz – II 10 ≈ 30 MCQ 20 Mins 24 April 2024 From 1:15 PM
End Semester 48 Descriptive 180 Mins To be announced To be announced

Total Marks 100

 Computer Networks Lab (CSC307)
Course Outline:

- Socket Programming 4 Weeks

- NS-3 Programming 4 Weeks

- CISCO Packet Tracer 2 Weeks

- Network Protocols & Tools 3 Weeks

 Computer Networks Lab (CSC307)
Distribution of Marks:
Component Marks Number of Questions Duration Scheduled Date Scheduled Time
Continuous 39 13 to 20 26 Hours Regular Lab Date Regular Lab Time
Assessment
Quiz 11 ≈ 30 MCQ 20 Mins 16th April 2024 12:15 PM to 12:35 PM
End Semester 50 1 to 2 120 Mins 23rd April 2024 10 AM to 12 Noon

Total Marks 100

 Computer Networks Lab (CSC307)
Group Division:

Group No From To
1 20JE1092 21JE0172
2 21JE0195 21JE0293
3 21JE0298 21JE0363
NLHC LAB 1
4 21JE0367 21JE0474
5 21JE0475 21JE0577
6 21JE0582 21JE0726
7 21JE0727 21JE0922
8 21JE0930 21JE1037
NLHC LAB 3
9 21JE1038 19JE0056
10 19JE0063 19JE0951
 Computer Networks (CSC305)
Course Outline:

√Overview of Data Communication and Networking

- Physical Layer
- Data Link Layer
- Logical Link Control (LLC)
- Medium Access Control (MAC)
- Network Layer
- Transport Layer
- Application Layer
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking

Data Communication is the exchange of data (in the forms of 0s and 1s)
between to devices via some form of transmission medium.

Effectiveness of a Data Communication system depends on:

• Delivery

• Accuracy

• Timeliness
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking

Data Communication system is made up of five components:

• Message

• Sender

• Receiver

• Medium

• Protocol
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking
Networks:
• A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected
by media links.
• Networking is the sharing of information and services.

Network Criteria:
To be considered effective and efficient, a network must meet a
number of criteria.
• Performance
• Reliability
• Security
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking

Network Criteria:

• Performance -
Can be measured in many ways, including transit time and response
time.

Other factors are:

- Number of users
- Type of transmission medium
- Hardware
- Software
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking
• Reliability -
In addition to accuracy of delivery, network reliability is measured by:
- Frequency of failure
- Recovery time of a network after a failure
- Catastrophe

• Security -
Protecting data from:
- Unauthorized access
- Viruses
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking

Network Design Goals:

• Scalability • Manageability
• Availability • Adaptability
• Performance • Affordability
• Security
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking
FLAT NETWORK

HIERARCHICAL NETWORK
A good network design is
hierarchical, with a clear separation
of functions. It may comprise of
three layers:
- CORE LAYER
- DISTRIBUTION LAYER
- ACCESS LAYER
 Overview of Data Communication and Networking

NETWORK DESIGN & DEPLOYMENT PHASES

Phase-1 Requirement Assessment, Proper Planning and Site Survey

Phase-2 Cable Plant and Wiring Closets
Phase-3 IP and VLAN Design
Phase-4 Installation of Active Components
Phase-5 Testing
Phase-6 Network & Security Audit
Campus Network Schematic
(without redundancy)
 Key Components:

Core Switch: The central hub of the network, responsible for high-speed data transfer between distribution
switches.

Distribution Switches: Two distribution switches connect to the core switch and aggregate traffic from edge
switches.

Edge Switches: These switches connect directly to end devices like access points, printers, clients, scanners, and
VoIP phones.

WLAN Controller: Manages wireless access points and provides centralized control over wireless networks.
I
Router: Connects the campus network to the internet through the ISP.

Firewall: Protects the network from unauthorized access and malicious traffic.

Server Farm: Houses various servers that provide services to network users.

DMZ demilarized Zone: A separate, more secure network segment for isolating sensitive devices or services.

NOC (Network Operations Center): Monitors and manages the network's health and performance.
Key Points:

No Redundancy: The schematic lacks redundancy, which means there are no backup components for
critical devices like the core switch or links to the internet. This makes the network vulnerable to
outages if a key component fails.

Hierarchical Design: The network follows a hierarchical design, with core, distribution, and access
layers, promoting scalability and traffic management.

Wireless Connectivity: The WLAN controller enables wireless access for devices.

Security Measures: The firewall and DMZ zone are implemented for security.

Network Monitoring: The NOC oversees network operations.

 DEMILITIRASED ZONE (DMZ)

Internet
DMZ
Web server, Email
server, FTP server, etc

Firewall

Firewall
Intranet

It separates an internal LAN from other untrusted networks, usually the Internet.
Resilient Campus Network
Key Components:

Redundant Routers: Two routers connect the campus network to two different ISPs (ISP1 and ISP2), ensuring internet connectivity even if
one ISP experiences an outage.
Firewall: Protects the network from unauthorized access and malicious traffic.
Core Switches: Two core switches form the central backbone of the network, providing high-speed data transfer and redundancy for core
functionality.
Distribution Switches: Multiple distribution switches connect to the core switches, aggregating traffic from access switches and further
distributing it across the network.
Access Switches: These switches connect directly to end devices like computers, printers, and wireless access points, forming the edge of
the network.
Server Farm Switch: A dedicated switch connects to a server farm, providing high-speed connectivity for servers that host essential services.

Key Features:

Resilient Connectivity: The dual ISP connections and redundant core switches ensure continuous network operations even in the event of
failures or outages.
Hierarchical Design: The network follows a hierarchical structure (core, distribution, access) for efficient traffic management and scalability.
Dedicated Server Farm: A separate switch for the server farm optimizes performance for critical services.
 Internet Bandwidth, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad

Total 7Gbps from following three ISP’s:

• PGCIL 5Gbps

• Ishan Netsol Pvt. Ltd. 1Gbps

• BSNL 1Gbps under NKN

 Network Connectivity, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad
IIT(ISM)DHANBAD,Computer Centre Network Connectivity
PGCIL BSNL ISHAN

10G 1G 1G

STAT D UPLX SPE ED STAC K STAT D UPLX SPE ED STAC K

Catalyst 3850 XS 10G SFP+ Catalyst 3850 XS 10G SFP+
UID SYS T A CTV XPS S-PWR CONSOL E UID SYS T A CTV XPS S-PWR CONSOL E
MODE MODE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
STACK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

10G 10G 10G 10G 10G 10G

Virtu al IP : 172.18.80.111
Fortigate 3700D
P-5 P-5
P-3 P-6 P-6 P-3
HA (a-a) P-4
P-4
80G 80G
P-8 P-8

e1/23
e1/24

e1/24
e1/25
e2/48 e2/48
Secondary_FortiAnalyzer 200F Catalyst 9300L 24 PoE+ 4xG

Primary_FortiAnalyzer 200F
01X 12X 13X 24X G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4

Cisco Nexus 9508 BC

N
SU
P
FA
B
IOM
PS
U
FA
N
PWR
MGMT
DMZ_SWITCH Cisco Nexus 9508 BC
N
SU
P
FA
B
IOM
PS
U
FA
N
PWR
MGMT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

SECONDARY_DNS
BCN BCN

e2/18
STS STS

PRIMARY_DNS e2/20 BCN

STS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4

BCN

STS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4

PRIMARY_LDAP e2/23 BCN

STS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4

10GKeep
KeepAlive Link
alive Link
BCN

STS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4

e2/23 PRIMARY_LDAP
SECONDARY_LDAP e2/24 e2/24 SECONDARY_LDAP
CORE-1A CORE-1B
PRIMARY_DHCP e2/21 172.16.252.2 e1/1 e1/1 172.16.252.3
e1/2
80G
e1/2 e2/21 PRIMARY_DHCP
SECONDARY_DHCP e2/22 VPC PAIR LINK e2/22 SECONDARY_DHCP
Syslog e2/18 BCN
STS
ACT
BCN
STS
ACT
BCN
STS
ACT
BCN
STS
ACT

Syslog
N9K-SC-A N9K-SC-A N9K-SC-A N9K-SC-A

O
I

O
I

O
I

O
I

O
I

O
e2/24
CISCO WLC 5520 e3/48
e2/48 CISCO WLC 5520
WHATSUP GOLD e2/25 e2/48 WHATSUP GOLD
e1/9 e1/5
e1/5 e1/7 e1/7 e1/9

40G 40G
40G
40G 40G
40G
Port Chan nel 20
Port Chan nel 30 Port Chan nel 40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
e1/50
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
e1/52
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
e1/50
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
e1/52
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

BCN BCN BCN

S TS S TS S TS

E NV E NV E NV

CISCO NEXUS N9K-C93180YC-EX CISCO NEXUS N9K-C93180YC-EX CISCO NEXUS N9K-C93180YC-EX

SAH_DISTRIBUTION CAD_DISTRIBUTION NLHC_DISTRIBUTION

 Network Connectivity, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad
N9K-C93180YC-EX N9K-C93180YC-EX N9K-C93180YC-EX
CAD NLHC SAH

L3 Distributions L3 Distributions L3 Distributions L3 Distributions L3 Distributions L3 Distributions

Edge switch Edge switch Edge switch Edge switch Edge switch Edge switch

Deskop Cameras Access Point

Smart Laptop Biometrics
Phones
OSI Reference Model
OSI is a Layered Framework.
• Established in 1947.

• Established by International
Standards Organization
(ISO). User-Support Layer

• ISO Standard that covers all

aspects of network
communications in the
Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI)
model.

• OSI model is not a protocol;

it is a model for Network-Support Layer
understanding and
designing a network
architecture that is flexible,
robust and interoperable.
Please Do Not Touch Steve’s Pet Alligator
OSI Reference Model
OSI Reference Model

- Headers are added to the data at Layers 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2.

- Trailers are usually added at Layer 2.
OSI Reference Model
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP):

When a device (the sender) needs to send data to another device on the same local network, it first needs to determine the receiver's MAC
address.
It does this using a process called Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

ARP Request:

The sender broadcasts an ARP request packet to all devices on the local network.
Schematic would show: A device sending a broadcast message to all devices on a network segment.
This packet essentially asks, "Who has the IP address 192.168.1.100?" (assuming that's the receiver's IP address).

ARP Response:

Only the device with the matching IP address (the receiver) responds with an ARP response packet.
Schematic would show: The receiver device sending a response message back to the sender.
This response packet includes the receiver's MAC address, such as "00:11:22:33:44:55."

MAC Address Acquisition:

The sender receives the ARP response and stores the receiver's MAC address in its ARP cache, a temporary memory table.
Schematic might show: A table within the sender's device storing IP-MAC address pairs.
Frame Creation and Transmission:

Now that the sender has the receiver's MAC address, it can create a data frame with the appropriate destination MAC address.
Schematic might show: A frame structure with source and destination MAC addresses.
It then transmits this frame directly to the receiver's physical hardware address on the local network.
OSI Reference Model
OSI Reference Model TCP/IP Conceptual Model

/ Internet Layer /
Internetwork Layer

/ Network Access Layer /

Host-to-Network Layer
Computer Networks (CSC305)

Message Formation
Session Management, Encryption, Data Compression. DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, WWW, HTTP

End-to-End Transport Services

Addressing, Reliable Delivery, Error Control, Flow Control. TCP, UDP

Host –to-Host Delivery

Packet Switching, Routing Algorithms, Congestion Control IPv4, IPv6, ARP, RARP, BOOTP,
Algorithms, Network and internet devices. ICMP, IGMP, DHCP
Node-to-Node Delivery HDLC, Pure & Slotted ALOHA, CSMA,
Framing, Error Control, Flow Control, Errors, Addressing, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, IEEE 802 Project,
MAC Protocols. TDMA, FDMA & CDMA
Cabling/Network Interface
Connection Types, Topology, Signalling, Synchronization, Multiplexing, Switching, Transmission Media.