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Rectifiers

This document provides an overview of rectifiers and power supplies. It discusses half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, and the center-tapped full-wave rectifier specifically. A half-wave rectifier only allows current to flow during one half of the AC cycle, while a full-wave rectifier allows current for the entire cycle. A center-tapped full-wave rectifier uses two diodes connected to a center-tapped transformer secondary to rectify both halves of the input voltage. It discusses the output voltage, peak inverse voltage, and barrier potential considerations for these different rectifier types.

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25 views22 pages

Rectifiers

This document provides an overview of rectifiers and power supplies. It discusses half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, and the center-tapped full-wave rectifier specifically. A half-wave rectifier only allows current to flow during one half of the AC cycle, while a full-wave rectifier allows current for the entire cycle. A center-tapped full-wave rectifier uses two diodes connected to a center-tapped transformer secondary to rectify both halves of the input voltage. It discusses the output voltage, peak inverse voltage, and barrier potential considerations for these different rectifier types.

Uploaded by

bilalhassanaps8
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE-227: Electronics Engineering

Lecture 03: Rectifiers

Presenter: Dr Shahbaz Khan


Overview
Today:
• Power Supply
• Rectifier
• Half-wave Rectifier
• Transformer Coupling
• Types of Full wave rectifier
• Center Taped Full Wave rectifier

Next Week:
• Bridge Rectifiers and Filters
Power Supply

• An electronic device that supplies electric energy


to an electrical load.
• Converts standard AC voltage at wall outlets to
DC voltage.
• Power all types of electronic circuits:
• Consumer electronics i.e. TV, DVDs,
computers, industrial controllers.
• Laboratory instruments.
• Most of these applications require low voltages.
Power Supply

• Transformer – A device for reducing or increasing the voltage of an alternating


current
• Rectifier - Converts the AC input voltage to a pulsating DC voltage.
• Filter – Eliminates fluctuations in rectified voltage and provides smooth DC
voltage.
• Regulator - Maintains constant DC voltage for variation in input line voltage
• Load – Electric component of a circuit that consumes electric power
Rectifier
Half wave rectifier

• Half wave rectifier removes one half the input


signal to establish a dc level.
• During positive cycle of AC signal, diode
is forward-biased.
• During the negative cycle of AC signal,
the diode is reverse-biased.
• The output of half wave rectifier.
• Average value of half wave output voltage,

𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝐴𝑉𝐺 =
𝜋
Where 𝑉𝑝 = Peak value
Example

• What is the average value of the half-wave rectified voltage ?

• Solution:
Barrier Potential in Half-Wave Rectifier

• Practical diode barrier potential of 0.7V (Si) needs to be taken into account.
• During the positive half cycle 𝑉𝑖𝑛 must overcome 𝑉𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 for forward bias
𝑉𝑝(𝑜𝑢𝑡) = 𝑉𝑝(𝑖𝑛)- 0.7 V

• Calculate peak output voltage, 𝑉(𝑜𝑢𝑡)?

• Solution:
𝑉𝑝(𝑜𝑢𝑡) = 𝑉𝑝(𝑖𝑛)- 0.7 V = 5V – 0.7V = 4.30
Peak Inverse Voltage

• It is the maximum voltage across the diode when it is in reverse bias


• It occurs at the peak of the AC signal.
• 𝑃𝐼𝑉 = 𝑉𝑝(𝑖𝑛)
• The diode must be rated at least 20% higher than PIV.
Transformer Coupling

• Transformer is usually coupled between AC source and rectifier.


• Two advantages
- Source voltage to be stepped down
- Ac source is isolated from the rectifier (prevents shock hazard in the
secondary circuit)

• Let n=turn ratio = Nsec / Npri


if n>1, the secondary voltage is greater than the primary voltage (step-up)
if n<1, the secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage (step down)
if n=1, 𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑖
𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝑛𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑖
𝑉𝑝(𝑜𝑢𝑡) = 𝑉𝑝(𝑠𝑒𝑐) − 0.7
Example
• Determine the peak value of the output voltage:
Full Wave Rectifier

• Allows the current to flow during both positive and negative half cycle or full
360°.
• Output frequency is twice the input frequency.

• Average value of full-wave rectifier


Example

• What is the average value of the full-wave rectified voltage ?


Types of Full Wave Rectifier
Centre Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

• Allows the current to flow during both positive and negative half-
cycle.
• This method of rectification employs two diodes connected to a
secondary center-tapped transformer.
• The i/p voltage is coupled through the transformer to the center-
tapped secondary
Coupled input voltage
Centre Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

• For a positive half-cycle of the input voltage, the polarities of the secondary
voltages are as shown in figure below:

• This condition forward-biases diode D1 and reverse-biases diode D2.


Centre Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

• For a negative half-cycle of the input voltage, the polarities of the secondary
voltages are as shown in the figure below:

• This condition reverse-biases diode D1 and forward-biases diode D2.


Barrier Potential in Centre-Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

• The output voltage is always one-half of the total secondary voltage minus the
diode drop (barrier potential).
• No matter what the turns ratio.
PIV in Center Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier

• Each diode in the full-wave rectifier is alternately forward-biased and


then reverse-biased.
• The maximum reverse voltage that each diode must withstand is the
peak secondary voltage Vp(sec).
• The maximum anode voltage of D1 is +Vp(sec)/2
• The maximum anode voltage of D2 is -Vp(sec)/2
• The Peak inverse voltage across D2 is
Take Home Task
Self Study

Chapter 2 (2.4 & 2.5)


Thank You
Any Questions?

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