THE ADVO CATE OF INDUSTRY AND EN'l'ERPRISE, AN·D JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS.

VOLUME I. NEW -YORK, THURSDAY, OCTO�ER 2, 1845. NUMBER 6.

CATALOGUE Ol<� AMERICAN PA'l'Ji:N'rS

ISSUED IN 1844.
THE
S 'I' 11 .. . - (J A __ I A G J1 I' 0 B a 0 M M O:N BOA D S.
(ContiDued·1
SCIEKTIFIC AMERICAN,
11 X.-Land conveyance, CQmpriling 0Ir­
nages, Cars, and other vehicles used on roridl, anti
CLASS
SPRUCE STREET, NEW YORK, NO. 12 STATE
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING, AT NO.

21 ARCAIiE, partlt�f.
PHILAD£LPHIA, Coupling bars of railroad car, locomotive, &C.,­
STltEET, BOSTON, AND NO.

(THE PRINCIPAL OFFICE YORK,) William D. Chesnut, Wilmingten, Del., Fllb. 2l1th,
Turoing curves on railroad-J ohn H. Quail, Phil­
lIEING IN NEW

By RUFUS PORTER. adelphia, Feb. 25th.

Improvement in railroad car. to prevent accideng
Each number will be fumished with from two
to five original engra v in gs, many of them ele­
from what are called .. snake heads "-Elisha ToU.,
New York, Feb. 20th.
gant, and illustrative of New Inv entions, Seien­ Connecting carriage-bodies with the perch by
tific Principles, and Curious W.Qrks; and will means of spring_George Nicholas, Trumbull, Ct.,
April 10th.
contain, in addition to the· most interesting news
of passing e vents, gene ral notices of the pro­ Improvement in hanging carriage bodies-J"ohn
Reynolds, Newbury, Pa., July 9th.
gress of M ec hanic al and other Bcielttific Im­ Detatching horses from the carriage-John Mad­
provements j A me rican and Foreiga Improve­
ments and l ilventions ; Catalo gues of American
den, Warren, Ohio, July 9th.
Mode of disengaging horses from the carriage­
.Patents; Scientific Essays , illustrative of the James S. Shnell, Shiremanstown, Pa., April 13th •
p rinciples of the sciences of Mechanics, Chem­ Couplings for carriages, waggons, &c.-George
istry and A rchite ctu re ; useful information aud W. Hatch, Parkman, Ohio, June 13th.
Jouroals of railroad cars, constructing the bearinls
instruction in various Arts and Trades; Curi­
and oil boxes, &c.-John H. Time, Newark, N; r.,
ous P hil osophical Experimentll; Miscellaneous
Intelligence, Music and Poetry.
reissued June 13th.

This paper is especi ally entitled to the pa­

Spring-brace for carriages-Erastus T. Sprout,
Dimock, Pa., Sept. 7th.
tronage of Mechanics a n ll Man u facturers, being Wrought iron carriage wheels--JamesMcCol1�,
the only paper In Am e rica devoted to the in­ Wilsonville, Ala., May 10th.
terests of those classes ; but iii p a rt icula rly use­ Cast iron railroad wheels-Ebenezer A. Lester,
Boston, Mass., Alig. lOth.
ful t9 farmers, as it will not only apprise them
of imprcvements in agric ul tu ral implements, bat
Lining Metalic boxes for wheel hub_Mo...
Palmer, Baltimore, Md., March 9th.
instruct them in var io u s mec h anical trades , and
gua rd t h em again st impO Sit ions. As a fa mily CLASS! XI.-Hydr(IUlics and pneumntu:l, ,nc/uding
water-wheels, windmills, and uther implement. opertJt«l
ai?' or water, or employed in railing anti d4liwry
newspaper, it will c O ll vey more useful intelli­
'!JI
gence to c hil d ren and young people, than five
on
ofjt'ltlds.
times its cost in school instruction. An othe r
New mode of directing lErostats or balloons, &:e.
important argument in favour of this paper, is, Muzio Muzzi, Bologna, Italy; May 12th, 1844,
that it will he worth two dollars at the end of France; Oct. 16th, 1844, U. S. A.
the year when the volume is complete , and will Improvement in fire engine-oardner Barton, jr.

Hydro-pneumatic apparatus for raising beer, &:e.,

probably command that price in cash, if we nlay Waterford, N. Y. Aug. ,l6th.
ju dge from t he circumstance that old volumes of
the New York MechaRic, by the s a me editor,
from casks.-Richard Sealy, New York, Aug. 31at.

THEORY.-The fact that the power of steam was 110t appl ied to the propell ing of vessels or d riv in g m�chinel-y fOI' on e hundred and fifty
Improvement in the construction of pipes for the
will now c omm and double the original cost.
TElIMs.-The "Seientifio American" will be furnished
supply of aqueducts-John H. Thorndike, Boston,
to subscribers at $2,00 per annUDl,-one dollar in advance, years after it was known and used for rai sing water fi'om m i n es , is spoken of as an unaccountable wonder: but it is no less suprisin g that this Mass., J lily 1st.
and the balance in six. months.
power. bein g so well understood and in gene ra l use fOl- doing almo3t ail ki nd , of work, i� not applied to propelling cO'lnmon carriages , haulin g
Pumps-'I.'. Jefferson Wolfe, Baltimore, Md,
....... ..
Five copies will b� oont t.o 010'0 e.J...:.t. .� co "'; lhU'in.l100, fin
f.ur olDllar. in ad,·ance.
April lOth.
stone and timber, plo u ghing, harrowing, &c., i nstcad of the work of horses and oxen. The o nly difficulties which have been encountered Water and 'lnimal power-John,A. Wiszt, P&;k.
Any person procuring two or more subscribl'nl, wiJl be en­
titled to a commission of 25 cents each. in the various attempts to apply s team-power TO the50p'lrposes, have. �OJlsjsted in tile �1tcel'flive wei ght of the_Qrdinary fltp.llm-boilp,I'�. "tiel in May 10tb.
Mode ot regulating the supply of water-John
regu lating this power to eo rrespond with t he occasion, in c ases of miry roads or ascending hills. Both of the se difficulties are eva ded, h ow- Cochrane, Newark, N. J., July 13th.
ever, in the plan which is represented a t the head of this article, and which has been sati sfact(ll'ily proved by a partial but imperfect experi-
_

Improvement in the construction of water wheels

The Iron Master. -Hiram: Ferguson, Richland, N. Y., March 20th •
. ment. Th e inventor is pe rfe ctly sanguine as to the complete success of this pli m , but h avin g met with h eavy losses durin g the recent con­
vulsions of trnde, is w aiting for circumstances to enable him to bri ng it into gen e ral use.
-Nelson Johnion, Rathboneville, N. Y., March
BY JF.S5E E. DOW.
. 26th-Albert Stimpson, Rockingham, Vt. April25�h.
I delve in the mountain's dark recess, EXPLANATION.-The body of tbe c arri agc , A, is ab out the size and capacity of those of an o rdinary gig-w aggon, with a convenient seai, -Daniel Weaver, McKeansburg, Pa, June 10th.­
And build my fires in the wilderness j
B, for two riders ; and u nder the se at is a box thut will contai n two 01' three bu shel s of coal. Behind the seat is the boiler, C, which consists
David Putney, Redbank, Pa., Aug. 12th.-Rolwell
Cook.. Elkland, Pa., Sept. 14th.-J. D. Robinson,
princ ipally of two rows of copper tube s, placcd in a vc rti c al position: and the two row!! being parallel to each other, and ten i nches apart, the
The red rock crumbles beneath my blast,
While the tall trees tremble and stand aghast j
Peona, Itl., Oct. 24th.-Samuel L. Valentine
Bangor, Me. Dec. 12th.-Theodore R. Timby, Cat�
Four Corners. N. Y., Sept. 27th.
fire is contained in the space between them, and is restrained from com ing in coiltact with the tubes above the surface of the water with in th e m :
th e smoke e scapes by the funnel, O. A st rong frame consisting of two parallel beams, E, connected by cross-bars , is made la rge enou gh t o
At the midnight hour my furnace glows,
And the liquid ore in a red stream flows Combined water-wheel--Emerson G. Covel,
Till the mountain's heart is melted down, enclose the driving wheels, F, which are pllt in motion by an cndless chuin, which passes from the wheel, o ver th e pulley, G ; and the shaft of Glenn's Falls, N. Y., Feb. 20th.

this pulley, passing through the body of the c arriage, has a do u ble crunk under the floor of the carria ge, and nearl y u nder t he r ider's feet ;
Current water-wheel-John Carnegay, Tully,
And scared by fire is its sylvan crown.

and this crank is operated by two small en gi n es, which are placed hori zontttlly un der the floor, and ar e operated by steam, which is con ducted
Mo., April lOth.
Old Cyclops worked in his cavern dire, Horizontal wind-wl1eel-Daniel Dennett, Center­
To tip the arrows of Jove with fire j to them th rough a small pipe, from the top of the boiler. This carriage has but three wh eels ; and the forward or s teeri ng wh eel , has J ts ville, La., Nov. 13th.

But I in my mountain crevice toil, CLASS Xn.-Lever, Screw, and other meclumical
beari ngs in the sides of a horizon tal circle, H. This horizontal circle is so constructed and mounted as to be moved rotarily on its own centre;
power, as app lied to pressmg, weighing, raising emtl
And make the rocks in my cauldron boil, and from the rearward side of this circle , a lever proj ects horizontall y to I; and from the extreme end of t his lever, a cord passes horizontuJJy moving weights.
to th e sides of the frame, near J; thence forward and over another pu ll ey, K, and thence to the hands of the rider, where it meets another
That man may hurl on his fiercest foes,
The iron rain and the sabre blows j
· Balance cranes-Claudius Gignoux, New York,
assignee of Louis Henry, Paris, France, Oct. 27th.
1842, France; Nov. 9th, 1844, U. S. A.
similar cord from the lever via the opposite side of the c arri age. Thus by pulling one cord the steering�wheel is turned in one direction, and
vice versa. Thelbody of the carriage is hu n g on s traps or braceil' extending fi·om L to M, whicp secures the rider and machin e ry from any
And send on the long and quivering wire
The silent thought, with a wing of fire. Spring Balance-James H. and R. H. Bull, New
violent j ol ting w hich mi ght otherW Ise be occ asioned by the roug hn ess of the r oa d s. There is un arrangem en t in the machi n ery , which we
I burn the woods, and I melt the hills,
York, Sept. 20tb.
shall describe, with an illustrative engraving, in a future nu mber , and by which the powe r of the engin es is applied to both dri vi n g-wh eel s
Self-acting cheese press-John Martin, jr. .Atza.
While the liquid ore from the earth distills, lan, W. T., Nov. 26th.
equal ly and uniformly, notwithstanding the occasional excess of motion in one of the wheels, in passing comers or curves in the roads.
16th.-Wm. Sewell, jr. Macon, Pa., June 15th.­
That over the railroad track may run, Cotton press-Seth L'Imb, New York, March
The iron horse to outstrip the Sun j
George Peck, Fairfield, Ct., March 9Ih.-Wm. F.
A n other pec ulia rity is, that the force applied , may be occasional ly increased by leverage,-consequently reducing the spee d , -t o such au ex­
That ponderous wheels may dash the brine, tent that one horse-power of steam will propell as great a load u p . h ill or otherwise , 8S can be drawn by six horses. One of the uses to which
And play with monsters of the Line;
Provost, Barnwell District, S. C. Sept. 14th.-Jed­
t his c arriage is intended to be appl ied, is to draw a ploug h or harrow ;-Iift stumps and rocks, and do other agricultural work. For plou ghin g,
While isles of coral seem to be, M. Right, New York, Nov. 26th.
ediah Prescott, Memphis, Tenn., Nov.9th.-Peter
it will be. r equisite to have the rims.of the wheels wider than for travelling, and the tiro of the wheels must be fu rnish ed with teeth or pro­
liut mile_stones placed in the deep blue sea.
j ectlons to prev e nt the slidi ng of the wh eels on the groun d: The cost of this carriuge, when com pleted, will not cx ceed $500.
Hay press-Charles F. Paine, Winslow, Me.,
The weigh t
Hay & cotton press-So W. Bullock, Williams­
Apr. 25tb.
When night comes on and the storm is, out, of it, including the engi n e nnd machinery, with water and fup-I, will no t exceed 600 I b s. The s p eed has not been fully teste d, but it will evi­
burg, N. Y., March, 3, 1842; reissued Aug. 14th,
And the rain falls merrily about,
dently run ten miles per hou r on good carri age roads. The rider Ilnd manager of the carriage; is perfectly safe from any h ll rm by explosioll ,
and can conveniently manage the machinery, replenis h the fire, and guide the carriage, at the same time. Presses-Amos Jackson. Liberty, III., June 2"th.
My mountain fires with ruddier glow, Ul44.
Are seen to burn by the drones below j
There can be no doubt of its

And as my merry men pass around, ultimate complete s uccess. Lever powel's for pressing-Robert Sandenon,
Athens, Ohio, Feb. 20th.
Their shadows seem on the bright back-ground,
MINUTE OXIDATION OF POLISHED SURFACES OF David Smith, South Hill, Va. Jan.. 15th.
0><, Machines for preparinlt tobacco for preuing-
ADVANCE OF RAILWAY SCIENCE.-The progress
.

Each like a Vulcan huge and dire, THE ElLD KEYSTONE.-Some good citizen of the
Forging a thunderbolt of fire. of railway enterprize is not only vast but magnificent Old Keystone State has thrown togllther a lot of sta­ METALS.-It is not generally known that a polished Machines for pressing, and raising weignt&-
-vast in its plans, and magmficent in its results­ tistics whicb are abundantly cheering. It appeHrs surface of steel or iron contains an infinitesimal Smith Cram, New York, March 9th.
Richer tban Danre's golden rain, leaping over all obstacles, joining worlds with worlds that Pennsylvania now produces annually 15,000.000 quantity of oxide. This is the fact, bowever. as can
18 the wealth I send to the fertile plain j be clearly proved by a single experiment. If a pol- CLASS XlII-Grinding mills and mill gearing, C01I.-
taining �ain mills, mechanical movement., horae.
almost, and seeming likely through the remarkable bushels of wheat and 46,000.000 bushels of other
desire for increased locomotion which is not un­ grain, and is capable of increasing tbe amount four­ ished plate of steel be immersed in mercury, no amal-
The press that gives to the nakons light;
frequently exhibited, to .. put a girdle round about fold; that she will send to market this year 1,000,000 gamation will talle place; or if a bar of steel be sud- power, <te.
The wheel thllt turns with a thousand's might; Bark mill for j:(rinding tanners' hark-Mather Bee-
cher, Remsen, N. Y., Sept. 97tb.
tons of anthracite coal, yielding a rcturn to the State, denly broken over mercury, and immediately immer�
sed, the metals will not unite; but if it be broktn
the earth in forty minutes."-About thirty years
The plough .that furrows the fallowed-field; ago it was doubted whether locomotives could run of $7,000,000; that she manufilctures three-fourths
The sickle that reaps the Harvest's yield j at all upon iron railways; twenty years ago the idea of of the iron made in the Union, and has the means under the surface of the mercury, tbey will be found Bobs for bolting flour-Ryburn Buchanan, Sulli.
Are hidden now in that shapeless bloom, their moving at a greater speed than ten miles in the of supplying the consumption of the world; that she to have malgamated perfectly: thus clearly demon- van County, Tenn., July 24th.
Which} have borne from the Cavern's gloom. hour was scoffed at III' chimerical; fifteen years ago has a bituminous coal field, through which the main strating that fresb surfaces of these metals are sligtly Mill for grinding corn and cobs---Samuel L. Starr,
the unexpected rate of thirty miles an hour was line passes for one hundred and thirty miles, con­ oxidized by even momentary exposure to the atmos- Mexico, Pa., April 4th.
considered a wonder which no effort of practical I taining 1,000 square miles, or 6,400,000 acres, when Cylindrical mill for grinding gtain---1aeob Groat.
Troy, N. Y., July 11th.
the miser may squander his golden hoard, phere. 'fbis fact was first observed by Fredrick .
And the ..-.rrior raIl on his bloody sword ; science could surpass; and now a speed of nearly all Europe contains only. 2,000 square miles of Hassler.
fifty miles an hour is in dsily use, while the rate bituminolls coal land. Mills for grinding grain---Eli B Nichols and l> ••
The iron horse may be stiff and chill,
VALUE OF A TEMPERANCE PAPER.-In a certain
of a mile per minute is promised, and, in some special SOMETHING LUtE LUXURy.-A late New Orleans vid Marsh, Faidield, Ct., March 13th.
And the wheels of a thousand mills be still; paper says: We dined with a friend near the city Portable mill for grinding grain---Eraatua Arnold,
Tpe steamer may sink on her ocean way, Otego, N. Y., March 9th.
instances has actually been exceeded. It is singular
town in Connecticut, where the Youth's 'femper­ a few day since, and the desert consisted in part, of
that the three great feats accomplished by practical
ance Advocate had been taken in the Sunday School, five varieties of grapes, three of figs, water melons, Improvement in grinding mills---George T. Wal.
ters, Nicholasville, Ky., Feb. 12tb.
And the tire refuse on its wire to play; sCience in our own time, viz, lighting by gas, cros­

pense. A poor woman said it must not be given

its discontinuance was· advocated on account of ex­ musk melons, four kinds of cantelopes, peaches,
With me the earth would forget to mourn, sing the Atlantic by steam in ten days, and rapid
apples, pears, three species of plum, pomegranates. Grist mi!l---John Ansel and J. Gallery, lJrooklyn.
N. Y., Aug. 21st.
And leap at a blast of my mountain horn. travelliug by the same motive power on railways,
up; and should not be, if she paid the ten dollars pecans and filberts, all grown on the premises.
have one and all, been denounced as utterly imprac­
A SIMPLE RULE.-To ascertain the length of the
herself, and €erned the money by washing; for,
Rochester, N. Y., May 6th---Samuel B. Haines,
ticable by .. philosophers," who actually knew noth­ Horse-power for driving machinerY---A.D Childa.

day and night at any time 9f the year, double the

said she, I had rather do that than have the little
such a case as this into court 1 Why do you not
.. Honest sir," said a judge, "why do you bring ing of the subject upon which they theoriaed.
paper discontinued, and my husband be what he
A private library was lately sold in England for
Greensburg, Pa., April 4th •.
WlUl before that little paper_ came into my family­ Govenor for regulating the movements of mill'
leave it to·some of your hon8st neighbours?" "Be­ time of the sun's rising, which gives the length of
wheels, &c.---Henry Burt, Boston, Mati., Aua.31.
the night, and dOtlble the time of setting, which gives
the length of the day.
a miserable tipler, spending his time and money in
that Mntlt mlo shall have an,. thing to do with it,"
cause, your honor," said the lawyer,"we don't choose
LTo be CODUDuOd.)
$85,900. 'I.'he sale occupied 62 days. The library
had beeD the property of the Duke of SlIssex, the low porter-houses.

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

 O n t h e R e s i s t a n c e o f F l u. i d s . � ri al N avigat ion T h e Ar t o f P a i n t i n g .
(Continued from No. 5.)
._

The weight of a cubic foot of water, is about 62

Ibs. To put this quantity in motion equal to 1 6 feet
per second, requires a power equal to that required
� COMPOUNDING COLouRs.-White is considered
as not only a principal colour in paintin g, but the
to raise the same quantity four feet perpendicularly ; base or foundatio n · of all light . coloured paints.
ATMOSPHERIC R E S I ST A N c E.- We shall now in­ White lead is the principal white in use, though a
or about equal to 5-6th of one horse-power. To
deavour to show the practicability of propelling a more delicate white calledjlake white, is used in orna­
produce a continuous current of water with the same Some of the phrenological editors of the city, have

O CT . �
balloon of the d i mensions specified in : a former mental work. Several common colours, known as
velocity through a chan nel one foot square, would examined the orang outang, now being exhibited at
N EW - Y O R � T H U R S D A �
the American Museum, and pronounce i t quite
number, with the proposed velocity of 1 00 miles per lead-colour, slate-colour, &c., are produced by mix­
require sixteen times as much power, because the
SECURE T H E FIRST NU)IBERs.-We have a few hour, independently of any atmospheric current. ing lamp-black with white lead in different propor­
copies of our first number remaining, and those who
quantity thus put in motion, would be sixteen cubic equal to the lower classes of humanity.
The atmospheric resistance presented to a plain sur­
A gentleman who has resided in Paris, France,
tions. A small quantity of Prussian blue, finely
intend to become subscribers will do well to secure
feet per second instead of one foot. If the paddle­
face, as the end of a cylinder, while passing through
eighteen months, says that in all that time he
ground and added to white lead, constitutes the
them while they may. . 'l'here will soon be a press­
wheel of a steamboat be 16 feet in circumference,
the air with a velocity of 100 miles per hour, is ac­ saw
with paddle-boards or buckets one foo t square ; and common sky-blue. Minute quan tities of blue and
ing demand for them, when too late. We are au­ cording to Dr. A rnot, and nearly according with some but one fire, and heard but one alarm. He was
yellow added to white, produce the delicate pearl­
thorized to offer fifty cents for the fint number of
if the paddle-boards are made to pass through a chan­
experiments of our own, about three pounds per probably accustomed to sleep very sound .
nel, so constructed that the water cannot escape in colour, so much .in vogue for parlours and halls.
the New York Mechanic. square foot. On this calculation the atmospheric re­ Straw colour is produced by the add ition of a little The beautiful College Green at ·New Hayen is
b ut one direction, then the power required to put
��
�#�
�#�
hN
- �___ sistanc.o against the end of a cylinder 35 feet in Di­ about to be improved by a substantial and elegant
--__

chrome yellow to white : and pea green by the ad­

iron fence, with double rails and lattice-work, and
E LECTIUCITY, AND MORSE'S TELEGRAPH.-We the wheel in motion, of one revolution per second,
ameter, while moving with a velocity of 1 00 miles
have now in course of preparation, several en­ would be 16 5-8-ten horse-powers. This is on the dition of Paris green. A beautiful light purple, or
per hour, would be about 3000 pounds, and would peach-blossom colour is prod uced, by adding to hewn granite posts.
gravings for the illustration of Galvanism, Magnet­ supposition that the boat remains at rest ; but if the
spark of
require 1 600 horse power to propel it. What con­ white lead, small quantities �f ultramari ne blue, and
-------
boat should be moving with a velocity of eight feet a
drop lake. It is needless to specify the exact pro­
ism, Electro-magnetism, and Magneto-electricity ; D uring a recent storm in Washington,
stitutes this atmospheric resistance, is the inertia of
also a full representation of the machinery of the per second, and in a direction contrary to that of the lightning passed down the chimney to the cellar, of
the air, 1 000 cubic feet of which, must be put into as
rapid a motion · as that of t he cylinder during each
current produced by the wheel, then only 2 1 -2 horse­ portions of the ingredients in these compounds ; the
Electro-magnetic Telegraph. the house of Mons. Pageot, and broke several dozen
_......,.,.".".##,...:N�_- powers would be required to maintai n the rotary only rule being to add the colouring ingredients in .
bottles of choice wine.
To C O IlRES P O N D E N T s .--We Ilave received sev­ foot of the progress thereof. And if the length of minute quantities, till the required colour is pro­
motion of the wheel ; for in this case, the velocity of
eral communications and d raw i n gs of b ri dges and the cylinder is equal to that of the proposed balloon, Several manufacturers at Waterbury, Ct., are en­
the w ater would be only eight feet per second ; and duced. The most common colour for floors, is
other improvements, which will receive due attention. -350 feet,-then in moving half its l ength, or 1 75 composed of white lead and yellow o chre, in abou t gaged in making small coin for the Hatien Govern­
ment. They have a con tract for six tons of one kind.
by the reduction of the velocity one half, the requi­
feet, 175,000 cubic feet of atmospheric air must be equal quantities by weight, with 'the addition of
site power is reduced three fourths.---But if the boat
POSTMASTERS and others to whom this paper may
be sent, are respectfully solicited to exhibit the same moves 16 feet per second, no less than 80 horse-pow­
put into this rapid motion d uring this portion of its
d
o n e ounce of red lead to each poun of the mixtuTe. rath er less than a half cent.
progress. With the eliptical or revoloidal spindle
to others, that its patronage may be thus extended. ers will be required to produce and maintain a cur­ In painting carriages or ships, a great variety of Measures are i n progress for the survey of a rail­
�8 -e- !l"""�-
form, the case is different : for although an equal componnd colours are used , a few of which may be
rent of equal velocity, beca.use, in the first instance, ro ad from Salem, Mass., to Andover. to intersect with
quantity of air must be displaced duri·n g an equal
F i r s t P r i n c i pl e s of M e c h a n i c s. ali above stated, ten horse-powers are required to give here noticed.The best black is composed of lamp ­ the B oston and Maine railroad, and shorten the route
Figure I . Figure 2. black and Prussian blue. A dark green consists of
progress of the b alloon, yet the motion of the air be­
that motion to 16 cubic feet of water per second ; to L owell.
ing comparatively moderate, the resistance of i ner­
and in the second place, in consequence of the for­ a mixture o f chrome green and Prussian blue. A
bri l l ia n t plumh colour is produced by a mixture of
tia is less. It will be seen that at and near the point Books have been opened for a telegraphic commu­
ward m'o tion of the boat, the wheel must encounter
of the balloon, where the surface forms the greatest n ication between Boston and Portland, with the
and put i n motion double the quantity of water, or lamp-black and vermillion. Olive colour is prod uced
angle with the dirt'ction of its motion, the di:Jmeter privilege of extending the same to Brunswick, B ath
52 feet per second. In the third place, to prod uce by mixing lamp-black and chrome yellow. A bril­
is small, and c o nsequently, but a small portion of and Bangor.
this effect, the wheel must be driven with double liant orange colo � r is produ ced by mixing chrome -------
surface encounters atmospheric resistance, in that
velocity, rotarily ; and, iIi the fourth place, to pro­ yellow and orange lead-(a pigment similar to red Ten years ago the expenditures of the State of
section : but where the diarrieter and snrface are
duce this double velocity of the wheel, foul' fold lead, but more rcfined . ) A stone brown is com­ Indiana averaged about 12 cents to each person.
posed of lamp-blnck, yellow ochre and Venetian red,
larger, the angle is less, and the resistance is less
power is required, even if the quantity of water and The debt is now $ 12,000,000, her taxes high, and
the interest of her bonds not pai d.
in proportion to the surface. The greatest resist­
consequent resistance were not increased; To give equal parts : the addition ot' white to this COID­
ance may be therefore supposed to be at about 160
the wheel and consequently the current a velocity pound red u ces this colour to a drab, or light stone
of 32 feet per second, while the boat remains at rest,
feet from the point, at which place the circumfer­ The new locomotive, " B oston." now running on
colour. A mixture of lamp-black w ith Venetian
ance of the balloon is 'lbout 80 feet. The angle be­ the L ong Island railroad, performs the whole distance
would require 80 horse powers ; because, first, the red, constitutes the chocolate colour. A bright rose
tween the surface and the direction of motion at -96 miles-with a rull train, in less than three hours,
qu�ntity of water put in motion, is double to that of colour, which is much used in ornamellting, is com­
th is peint is about 5 degrees, or about one foot rise and runs moderately at that.
the first mentioned, which would increase the re­ posed of white lead and drop-lake. As a general
to fifteen feet in length. Then if the balloon is A new furnace has been put in operation , in Ham­
quisite power from 10 to 20 horse powers, even if rule, the colours should be mixed with �il and
moving, as supposed. nearly 150 feet per second, the
the resistance of each specific quantity of water was ground separately, before being compo nnded, or den Co., Ill., for the production of l ead, which yield.
motion of the displaced air is about 10 feet per sec­ from 65 to 86 per cent. The mines are very ex­
no� inc reased ; but as the velocity of the water is mixed together ; but should not be diluted any
ond, and its resistance will be about one fourth ofan tentive.
double, and to produce double the motion, requires more than is required for grinding, u ntil the colour
ounce per square foot. And as the surface of the
q uadruple power, the 20 horse powers must be m ul ­ is perfected. We shall proceed with some instruc­ A contempory complains that there are 30 thou­
first half of the balloon is about 1 0,000 square feet,
a
we m ay estimate the resistance at 156 Ibs.
tiplied by 4, which shows requisite of 80 horse tion in carriage paintin g in our next numb er. sand persons in the United States, of the name of
But it ----���#�# ,. �.###�.N��---
must be observed that this resistallce is not directly
powers. Again, if the boat is of such a size and
form that 2 1-2 horse powers will give it a motion
OUR INLAND NAV I GA T I O N . -Much admiration John Smith, and recommends the transportation of

was excited in Liverpool, E ng. a few weeks since, all but 5,000 of them.
against the metion of the balloon, but only obl iqui­
Iy as it presses on the surface : and the average an­
of 8 feet per second, at the same time that a current
by the appearance of the ship Muskingum, d irect The new steam factory b uilding, at Portsmouth,
of equal velocity is produced in the water, then to
In our last number we had occasion to introduce double the speed of the boat, will require 16 times
gIe or inclination on which it presses, being as about from Marietta, Ohio, " seventeen hundred miles from N. H., is to be 200 feet long, 70 wide, and six
as much, or 40 horse powers ; because, first, each
a single pulley, but without any explanation of the one to fifteen, the actual resistance is reduced to salt-water," as the E nglishmen reported. This stories high. It is in progress and expected to be
nature thereof, as an illustration of principle. The about ten lbs.· Therefore, as 10 horse powers are circumstllnce led to an estimate o f the distance, or completed this season.
length and extent of a voyage fro m Pittsburg on the
specific quantity of water must rcceh'e double velo­
sufficient to drive a resistance of 33 lbs., 150 feet
pulley is one of the many modifications of the lever :
Ohio, to N . Orl e ans; thence to the Yellowstone river.
city, which will require lour fold, or ten horse pow­ Rev. J. N. Maffit is said to be preilf!hing 81lccesl­
per second, it is a reasonable conclusion that the dif­
fully at Toronto, C. W.j but whether he is preach­
this will appear plain when it is observed that two ers ; and second, the quantity of water thus put in
balls suspended by a cord wh i c h passes over a pul ley, motion is quad rupled-being dou bled tirst by the
as
not
ference between 33 1bs. force and 10 Ibs. resistance, is and back to Pittsburg. The distances given are
ing Methodism, or Odd-fellowism, we are
as in F ignre 1 , they w i l l c n u n t erbalanc e each other suffi�ient to balance thc loss uf po we r by the imper­ follows : Pi ttsburg to C incinnati 498 miles : Louis­
in the same manner that the t\Yn halls d o on fect resistance of thc ail' against the £ms of the spi­
increased velocity of the water, and again, by the informed.
a straight ville 1 37 : Mouth of the Ohio 435 : New Orleans
1 1 84 : A bal d eagle was shot at Compton, R. I., by one
forward motion of the boat. And this 16 fold power
lever, as represented in the l a s t n u m her. The small is actually required, in order to double the speed of
ral fan-wheel . 'Phese calculations have not been 1012 : St. Louis Weston 500 : Yellow
pin in the centre of the pu l l ey is termed the axle, drawn with mathematical accuracy, because ou r Iinl­ Stone 1 348 : back to St. L o u is 1848 : Mouth of of the Boston sportsmen, last week. He measured
the Ohio 1 72 : P ittsburg 980.
the boat : first, because the resistancc of the water
and corresponds to the fulcl'um which is used in its 1Y0uld not admit of it : but we have kept on the lib­ Making a voyage of six feet four inches from tip to tip, and was very
against the bows is quadru pled ; and second, because
connection with the straight level'. B ut if two pul­ eral side of the estimates, and if we have fallen into 8024 miles, without going in sight of salt water. ferocious.
the motion of the wheel is quadrupled, first, by the
leys are mou ntcd on the same axlc, aud one of them increased motion of the paddles in, and with the
any material errors, shall be glad to be corrected. Well m a y E nglishmen admire our facilities for in­
is twice as large i n diameter aR the other, ns in fig­
A boy was lately caught in the act of stealing a
current of w ater, and again b, the forward motion
-......,I,.,.,..,.,. a ....... iI..,..,." ,.,..,- -- ---
n " w . p� per from thp. do o r of " suuscriber,
land IIllvigat io l l .
pnl i t i ,, � l
u �.. then a ball. suspended from the periphery of of the boat by which the axle of the wheel being
Railroad Intelligenc e . and by way of punishment, he was compelled to stop
the large pulley will balance one of d o u ble i ts
oJ'
I 'll /wed in_ .a dir�(!tion cOllt�arv to that of th e pad­
WORTHY IMITATION.-A yo u ng gentleman
who lias recently visited Easton, Pa., reports that in
'rhe prospect of the St. Lawrencc and Atlan tic and read it. He will not take another.
weight, which 8hall l)l) sU�Jlended from thc opposite . dies, a more rapid rotary motion b(;colDfls n eces­ Railroad;-otherwlse cal;-';d ·the Montreal and Port­
side of the small pulley : thus the ball B has as sary. Moreover, if the p addles of the wheel have not
stroll ing in the neighbourhood, he entered the ex­ A wo man in F rankiort, Ky., having broken off the
tensivc 1'an nery of Anthony Macoy, Esq., and that
land road, appears very t:lvourahlc : $:1,.')00.000
great an inftuence on the pulley, as A , although it an artificial channel or ftume, to prevant the escape have been subscribed to thc stock, and that of the point of a needle in the palm of her hand, a m agnet

is only half as hcavy I and tho reason of this is, that Canada section is quoted in E ngland, a t I t p cr cent
though an entire stranger, he was received with was bound on the place, and in a short time it drew
of the water from before the paddle, but merely d ip
much civility and good-nature on the part of the o ut the needle.
in cas e of motion in the pulley, B would move with in the free and unconfined water of the ocean, then premium. The peoplc of Maine arc widc awake
proprietor, who in addition to showing him his
double the velocity of A :-i n other words, A can o n the subject. The railroad from Boston to Can­
a d a, via Concord, L ebanon, Sherhrook , and Stan­
an additional increase o f power will be required to In Manchester, N. H., containing a popUlatio n of
wurks, ga'fc him an instructive lecture explanatory
6000 inhabitants, there is no place at which in­
not descend one inch, without ra i sing B two inches counterbalance the deficiency of resistance of the
at the same time ; hence. the power is equal.
of thc principles of tanning. Such conduct, so dif­
fereDt from the gruff and m oroll e manner of most of
On water, and the consequent requisite additional mo­ stead, is also jJrogressing. The stock i. already
texicating liquors can be obtained in any quantity,
the same principle, if a wheel five feet in diameter is tion of the wheel ; and this circumstance will in­ taken up for that section of the routc between
shaft which is only six i n ches i n di­
at any price. This town must prosper.
crease the requisite to nearly 60 horse powers or 24
the bosses in manufacturing establishments, is sure
mounted on a Lebanon and the Pausumpaic rivcr. This is called
the Central Route, and has becn expected to COII­
to gain the respect and good-will of acquaintances, One feature proposed in the new constitution of
ameter, then o ne Ib wcight suspended from the times 8S much as would be required to maintain a
and provc dccidedly advantageous in the course of Texas, is that any citizen of the state may hold a
periphery of the wheel, w ill be sufficient to coun­ Bpeed of 8 feet per second, as before mentioned. To neet with the Cheshire road, which is an extension
business. farm of a ce rtain size, free fro m all claims and legal
terbalance ten Ibil. suspended from the oppo­ double the speed again, or incrcase it to 30 feet per � the Fitchburg railroad, through Keene, N. H., ...
----.....:-
�#'##,..,�
site side of the shaft. The ball C in ligure 3, is second would again require a 24 fold power. or 576 and Rutland, Vt. But it is nolV decided to extend LOCK MANUFACTORT.---There is an establish­ process.
suspended from the axle of the pulley D ; and one · times as much as that required for the velocity of 8 the two roads w ithout connection. The contracts ment in New Haven in which fifty hands are em­
A you n g m a n only 20 years old, in Oswego Co.,
end of the cord which sustai ns this pulley is made feet per second. These statements will explain the are already made for the Cheshire}'oad from Keene ployed in the manufacture of door-locks, latches and
to B ellows Fa l l s . knobs. o f all sizes and patterns. The aggre�ate of
has been convicted of marrying too many wives.
fast at E , while the other cud. after passing over the . mysterious difficulty of increasing the speed of steam
pulley E, terminates at the ball e; : in this case
His name is Ketchum , (or Catch-'em) which in a
boats, to any great extent, beyond that of ordinary The Harlem Railroad Company have decided to wages paid to the workmen, is about $20,000 per
b o ats .
measure accounts for it.
the ball G w i l l sustain a ball of double its own extend their road twenty-four miles further, to a anuum. No less than 120,000 of the kind called
weight at C. In this instanr.e the pulley D being poin� near the Connecticut line. They have adver­ mineral knobs are made per annum, besides immense Some thief has stolen a coat from a Cincinnati
a lever, the fastened end o f the cord, is the ful­ T o o ATTRAC1·IVE.--- We hava heard of a country tised for proposals for grading, &c. numbers of locks varying in price from $5 to $50 pel' editor ; the thief is known, but the editor cannot ex­
where the mice wer.e 80 plen ty that the inhabitants pose him lest he should expose the coat also.
crum ; the force is received from the ball G, and The Morris and Essex Railroad Company have doien, and in nine different styles. Establishments
is applied to the ball C : or rather, this would more were compelled to supply them with large quanti­ resolved to extcnd their road to Dover.-a place of this kind support the farmers much better than The Abington Virginian speaks of a section of the
strictly be the case, if G was a little more than half ties o f provisions, to keep them from devouring the situated in thc midst of the iron regions of Ncw send ing their produce to E u rope to exchange for country where the grass is so short that the farmers
as heavy as C, so as to produce motion by descend­ food placed on the tables for the people : and we are Jersey. these articles of useful hard-ware.
In figure 4 , the cord being made fast at 1-1,
have to lather it before it can be mown.
ing. much inclined to the opinion, that our only method -�.,.,.,�
passel under two pulleys. and over two. By this of securi ng the safe-conveyance of our paper to sub­ DAGUERREOTYPEs.-Som e important advances CII}:AP 'fRAVELLING.-The competition among The P icayune says that the Yankees near Boston
arrangement, there is a douhle leverage gained i n scribers, and especially to exchanging cotemporaries, are made in this art, although it has not becn im­ the steamboats on Lake Champlain has been so are constructing flat bottom boats, for the purpose of
each of the pulleys I and J, so that the , ball R will is to send extras enough to supply all the post-office proved so rapidly as we had hoped on its introd uc­ great rccelltly, that the owners not only carry pas­ running over the bars and shoals of Texas.
sustain four times its weight a t L ; this fact we shall clerks in the country. We can assure our fri ends tion. We have recently bcen shown a very perfect sengers for nothing, and board them, but pay their
The steamship B angor, at the time of her destruc­
illustrate by remarking. that the ball L being attach­ who have sent their papers in exch ange, that ours photograghic picture, taken by an amateur in Boston, bills at the hotels. One of the agents, a few days
ed to both pulleys I and J, is suspended by a four­
tion by fire, had on board 1 50 barrels of alcoholic
has been promptly sent,---carefully enveloped and in which the view is presented in its right position, since, paid the hotel bills of several gentlemen,
liquors, as part of the freight.
fold cord : so that i f this ball is made to descend one directed,---from the co mmencement : yet we learn instead of being reversed, as in the ordin ary views. amounti ng in all to $ 1 12, and then carried them
inch, the length of each seCltio n of the cord, must with regret, that only a yart of them reach their Some have also succeeded in taking v iews on a large free. This conduct being thought rather too gener­
The result of the new census of B ro oklyn shows

scale, full length portraits, &c., without a ny per­

destination. If editors will inform us, by mail or the population to be 60,000, being an increase of up­
be extended an inch, making fou r i nches in all ; and ous, however, a subscription was put forward, which
otherwise, what numbers o f the Seientifie American wards of 23,000 within five years.
consequently the ball K will be elevat ed fou r inches ; ceptible disproportion. But when a m e thod is dis­ amounted to $1 60, but without any inftuence on the
reYersing the motion, the ball K must descend fou r It is expected that the line of magnetic telegraph
----�

are missing, we will immediately send them. Our covered of etching the plates deep enough to print part of thc owners or ageDt.
inches to raise L one inch. Thus, a m a n hauling custom is to send duplicate copies to all who insert from them, giving fair impressions on paper, we shall between Philadelphia and Baltimore, will be put in
our advertisement, although our exchange list is al­ MIRACULOUS SPEED.-The result of the Sunder­
down the cord at K would be able to hoist four times feel more perfectly satisfied with the art than at operation by the middle of October.
land election was looked for with so much interest
It is contemplated- to construct a bridge over the
ready much larger than we can afford.to continue.
in London, that the Times ran an express.
his own weight at L ; and this will sufficiently illus­ present.
trate the principle of pulleys in general. The wind­ --�.,.,.,.,.,- The
WAKE Up.---Before we commenced the publica­ distance by railroad was 303 miles, which was ac­ Niagara at the whirlpool, a short distance from the
lass, which is another modification of t he lever prin­ MECHANICS IN RUSSIA.-Between 3,000 and
tion of this paper, we were enco uraged to proceed by complished by the special engines in seven hours falls. The length of the span will be 332 feet.
Ciple, is a simple horizontal cylindrical shaft, having 4,000 people, consisting at Americans, E nglish,
pi v o t or axle at each end, and several holes in the A correspondent of the London Miners Jovrnal
having a respectable number of names sent as sub­ and thirty minutes . The journey from Darlington
a Scotch, Irish, and Germans, are employed in the
scribers, ordering the paper when publtshed. MOllt to Y9rk, 4� miles, was performel;} i n fifty-two min­
sides thereof, in which are occasionally inserted a gigantic locomotive establishment recently put in asserts that he has recently written on paper made
of these have promptly paid according to agreement : utes, and in some parts of the line, the train was
kind of wooden bars called hand spikes, and by operation in Russia, for the construction of locomo­ entirely of iron. No great improvement.
but we must remind the fcw who have thus far neg­
means of which the shaft is tumed . A powerful tives for the great chain of Russian railroads.This . proceeding at the almost incredible speed of a mile
draught is thus produced on a rope or chain attached
lected their engagement in this respect, that since An exchange refers its readers to the advertise­
large concern is under the d irection of Maj. Whist­ . in 4 8 seconds-at the rate of 75 miles an hour !
they encouraged us to incur the responsibility of the ��---.:.. ment of Mr. Stillwagon, (still wag on) who appears
publication, it will be no less than meanness for them
to the slaaft, and winding round it. The capstan, is. ler, recently from Lowell, Mass. A military guard
s kept on duty to preserve o rde r.
L E NGTII AND H E I G II T . -- · " The steamer O.·e­ to be a very persevering man, and an eltcellent artist.
gon," says the N. Y. Sun, " if placed on en d ,
a yertical windlalS havi ng a projecting circular head,
to ne�lect to fulfil their engagement. \Vith this
in the periphery of which the hand spikes are in­ -,.,.",.- A lady in Philadelphia has been held to bail in
serted, and by which the capstan is made to revolve ;
view we shall publish the nam es of delin quents, A GR EAT WORK COMPLETED.-The whole line would be fifty feet higher than the cross on Trin­ the sum of $1 000 for breaking open and destroying
le t ter directed to a young man of her acquaintance.
who reside within 500 miles, unless we hear from of railroad from Cincinnati to L ake E rie has been ity Church." The Oregon is 330 feet long, and
a a
opened, and it is said that goods may now be trans­
the op·erators walking round in c i rc l e. In our
them soon. o f course the Trinity Church spire is 280 feet high.
next number we shall introduce the Inclined-plane,
ported fro m New York to Cincinnati by the Lake
�- A Pennsylvania State Senator has been fined $300
for whippillg the deputy Attorney General. Those
But few people would judge from the appearance
o f the two , however, that the length of the steamer
Wedge, Screw and Toggle ; and endeavour to show
that they are all but many modifications of the route in 1 6 days. T his speaks well for the enter­
A company in Manchester, N. H., are making ar-
children ibould be taken care ef
so rangements for the extension of Morse's telegraph
to that place. prise of the West. was equal to the height of the church spire.
/flier pincil1e• from Lowell

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

 I I I u s t fa t I o n Ii o f C h e m i s t r y . New Invent ion s. Mam m o t h C ave .
(Continued from No. 5.), [Concluded from No. 5.1
SELF ACTING HELM, O R AN A R T I F I C IAL HELMS·
THE GAS E s . -Th e re are several ldnds of su b s t an · The cave, which hcre commences to grow wider

ces, which are not k n ow n to e x is t uncombined, ex·

MAN , F OR S'I.'EERING VESSELs.-Incredible as it may and h i gh e r, also become:! lllore rough alld r ugged ,
appear to ou r sceptical re ade rs, it is n ev crthe l c s s a a
c e pt i n a ga seo u s state. Of these the most co m m o n u lltil l'caehillg the " Rocky M o u ntains," successio n

a re o x ygen, hydro g en lind n i troge n . There are also

fa ct that an apparatus has been invented on rational of high hi l ls , formcd of detached fmgmcnts of r oc k ,
principles, . that w ill guide a ship to any r e qui red at ti me s rising to th e height of one hund red feet.
several kinds of gases, composed of one or more of C hris tian D ut i e s .
point of the compass, w ithout any attention from the The last and highest of the " mountains," u pon the
the above, united with other b odies ; of th ese are .. He t h a t hath my command ments and keepeth
the carobonic acid gas, muriatic ac i d gas, and the
mariners on board. This is effected by means of a n side that overlooks " Dismal Hollow," is t w o hun·
dred feet from its sum m i t to the level o f th e c av e
them," y s the Son of God, h e it is that· loveth
Now it seems im p o r t a nt that we should know
sa "
electro magnetic engine, which is connected with
the rudder and operates forward o r re ve rse acco rd i n g
nitrous o xyd e , or exhilerating gas, with m a ny others. me."
Oxygen re ad i ly combines with some of the metals, bey ond . Truly, this " dismal hollow" is weIl deserv· "hat Olre th e commands of C h rist , which we are to
forming what is termed oxy d es . to i n he ri t the love of God.
to the circ u it connections wit h the battery : and ing of its name. From the top of the mountain it
The c o mmo n rust I)bserve and obey, in o rd e r

In l oo k in g over the New Testament, which evid ently

the se connections are formed, pro or con, by the appears l i k e a bottomless gulf. The aBySS covers
of iron, is an oxyde of that metal. All the pigments
Fre e do m ' s L y r e . and mineral colours used by pa i n t ers , a re o xy d es of
least \'ariation of the ne ed l e of the com pas, from t he an a re a of eigh t acres, and its depth c an n o t 1)(, SI'C I I ,
contains the .ole of our L ord's co mm a n ds , we
lind the fol lo w i ng injunctions a n (l
r e quir ed relative position. We shall procure an
B Y M AR Y M A X W E L L. fo r want of sufficient light.
eng ravi ng il l ustrat i v e o f this in v e n tio n , i n
M RS . H. different kinds of metals, though sometimes combin·
In . . Serena's' Arbor," which wc en tercd after
i nt i m at i o n s of du ty,
to the prc�cnt generation.
a few days,
ed with other materials. All oxydes are much h eav · a pp li c a b lc
e1i mb ill g over rocks, for somc d i stance, arc llI any
Attune th( cords of freedom's lyre, which arc
Whoever neglects to obey them, is not a friend of
and then give a more parti cular d esc ripti o n .
To bounding notes of glee ; ier than the metals on which they are based. Oxy.
=
And swell upon each burning wire, gen supports comb ustion, and readily unites with
1 N}:w P UMF.-An im prov ed pUIUJI has beel l
bea u ti ful formations ofcrystal izcd limestone. A mo ng C hrist, a nd cannot see his fac e i n llcace, but is in
them arc two s ta la g m i te s , worthy of n o tice . (langer of b e in g His first c o m m and is,
introdu c ed in Indiana, which i s said t o avoid the rejectcd .
The anthems of the free ! combustibles, forming ashes or compound gases. One of
Srrike ! stri ke again the notes of old, the m is a re prese n t ation of a cedar tree, and is per·
fric·
C o mb i n e d with hyd roge n , in the proportion of 85 to Rep e nt, " which sim ply means to le ave off sinning.
15, it forms " B lessed," said he, " are the poor in spirit (or hu m­
tio n to which ordinary pumps are e x po sed , in rais· "
That swept these hills along ! wate r ; and combined or rather mixed fectly correct i n s hape and proportion ; the other is
with n i t rogen a nd carbon, in the proportion of 22
ing sandy or muddy water from mines. . As u su a l ,
a full des c ri p t i o n of
Where freedom's sons her flag unrolled, a min iatu re of the celebrated " Cleopatra's Needle."
And shouted freedom's song I
ble) ;Ablessed·are the me ek ; blessed are the merci­
x y g en , 77 of nitrog e n , and 1 of carbon, it
!the inventor decl i n es g i v i n g
A pit, one hundred and sixty (eet deep, terminates
this avenue, at the d istan ce of thirteen m i les from
parts o
the pump, be c au se it is not yet pate n te d. We ful ; blessed are the pure in heart ; ble8sed are, the
forms atmospheric air. Pure oxygen gas may be peace· makers." He ad m its that the first and great­
Wake ! wake the tones of victory now, th in k this a m i stal, e n policy of inventors, however.
For freedom's heart beat8 high, readily p ro c u red by decomposing any of the subs tan· the mouth of the cave. There are other avenues est commandment is, .. Thou shalt lov e the L ord
thy God with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and al
The most ready and effectual method of sectlring
And triumph sits on.manhood's brow, ces which contai n its base. J t is an essential con­ or branches equally wonderful with the one de·
an invention in this cou n try, is to pnblish the de·
And speaks from woman's eye. s t i t u e n t, and is supposed to constitute the acidifying scribed. Indeed, the cave as far as explored seems thy strength, and with all thy mind :" but knowing
scr;ption forthwith, with the name of th e inventor.
The sun that rose in cloud and gloom, principle of all acids ; and i ts presence is essenti l . to be but one of the several caves of equ al grandeur
and e x te n t, one ly i n g above another •
that it is not in the power of a natural man to keep
to v e g e tab l e and animal life .
This course at once secures the inventor against
all pretended claims of others, although the inven·
Now beams in radiance bright ; The branches tbi$ commandment, he teaches a serles of practical
E X PERIMEN'I.· s .-Heat a pi e ce of common lead to
.

And in meridian splendour soon l e ad ing from the main cave, as already discovered, duties, the observance of which will lead us directly
tion should not be patented for a year a fte rward .
Shall blaze with freedom's light. are two hundred and sixty. fiv e in number, of which
a red he at, and expose it whde hot to a curre nt of - to the ability, to fulfil this great commandment.
When . slavery's night shall pass away, atmospberic air ; - T he o xygen of the air will com· A
P E D E S 'l.' RI AN C R.-Mr. H i ra m Tyl e r, of Wor· th ere are many extensive ones unexplored. The " L et your light so shine before men, that they may
bine with the lead, and it will become red lead ; cester, Mass., has Gonstructed a carriage for t rav e l · shortest of these is o n e ·fo u rth of a mile, and the see your good-works, and glorify your F ather which
And wide o'er land and sea
Again on every breeze shall play and will be found to be much heavier than the ori gi­ ling on common roads, by hand power. The car­ longest, is nearly tert miles in length. In exploring is in heaven." Conceal not your faith no r v our h o pe :
The banner of the free, nal. riage runs on three wheels, and weighs but fi fty that portion of the cave which we have endeavoured but be ready t o confess Christ before men. Be at
Then tune the lyre-let music sweep Place a little red lead on a piece of charcoal, and pounds, although made entirely of iron. The rider to describe, we walked thirty·five miles. We were peace with all ; and if any person has any thing
Our hills and vales along I force the flame of a lamp upon it, by a blow pipe, propels the carriage by m ea n s of a crank, which is lowest, beneath the surface of the earth, when upon against you, go and passify him, and procure recon­
While ocean's waves in gladness leap, and the oxygen will combine with' the charcoal, connected by machinery to the wheels, which are the rivers, having then made a descent of three hun· ciliation. Abandon every thing in this world, eyeR
And daltce to freedom'S song. forming carbonic acid gas, and the lead will be re­ nearly tour feet in diameter ; and travels rapidly on dred a nd twenty·five feet. There are several large a right hand or a right eye, rather than offend God
stored to its metalic state. a hard level road. There have been several similar bodies of water in the cave, many springs, pure and by sin. Swear not by any oath whatever. .. Resist
T h e D r u n k ar d ' s D r e a m . Place a li ttle red lead in a phial, and add a few carriages constructed at different times by different sulphurous, and numerous cascades, ofwhich " Harri· not evil ;" but if any perion injures, slanders or
I s aw, with seemly waking eyes, drops of sulphuric acid, and apply a flame of a lamp inventors ; but this is evidently an improvem en t and son's Cascade" is the l a rge st, falling the depth of wrongs you in an y way, d o good to him In return.
And a strange and strong reality, to the bottom of the ph ial , and oxygen gas will be may be useful as well as curious. sixty feet. The o nly salts in the cave, are the sul­
My wife in her dying agonies,
" Give to every one that asketh," and lend to him
liberated, and rise through the neck o f the phial. = phate s of mag n esia and soda. The formations are that would borro w ; . and that without hopin� for any
And a fiend with a face replete with glee
B u rn a little sulphur (brimstone) in open air, and A P A G I N G MACHINE.-A machine which oc cu· principally of crystalized limestone, sulphate of l i me, thing in return . If a man c e mpe ls you to do any
Bending over her wasted frame, pies a space of less than three square feet, is so con· crystalized and fibrous gypsum, olophelite spar,
structed as to number the pages of a book, whe th er
hold a pi e ce of wet cloth over the vapor which rises thing which is not sinful, do even more volun tarily
than what you are compelled to do. " Love your
Catling her, mocking by her name. and petrified mud.
from it ;-the moisture of the c loth will immediately
Anon he spoke-" Oh, oh," said he, 10000 ;
" A husband drunk as drunk can be !
become sharply acidulated to the taste, being a real beund or unbound, progressively from 1 to In the winter season, great numbers of bats are enemies ; bless them that curse you, and do geod
sulphurous acid.
th e simple movemen t of a lever, perfo rmi n g the found hanging to the ce il i n g in a s tate of torpor. A to them that hate y ou." F org iv e freely and readily
Bite Ilt the bosom, starvelJing young :
Place a lighted candle o r taper in a bottle contain­ combined operations of taking and d istributi n g ink, w h i te semi· transparent, an d blind s peci es of cricket every one that injurcs or wrongs you . " Lay not
Thy father is drunk, thy mother is dead ;
Live to be doomed, live to be hung--- ing oxygen gas, and the combustion and flame will tran s ferring the same to the fig ures , making the are oc casional ly seen ; also, in the rivers, b lind fish u p · for yourselves treasures upon the earth ; for
p e come exceedingly brilliant. impression, and changing the fig ures to the suc· from thrce to five inches in length, perfectly white where your t reasu re is, there will your heart be also."
A pauper, a felon, but die in no bed."
Place a fire fly i n a phial of o xyg en gas, a nd it ceeding number ; and is equally applicable to the and t ra ns p aren t , together with craw fish, which .. Sell that ye have, a n d g ive alms." Be n ot an x iou B
I saw my eldest born in rags, numbering of railroad tickets. The inv ent io n h as possess th e sa me p c c ul i ari ties. We could discover,
A quiet, sile nt boy was he ;
wil l appear exceedingly animated and lively, an d its about thi n gs of this w o rld, but be li ev e that God
illumination will be much more brilliant, than when b een patented i n England by W. Shaw of L iver· on exami n atio n , no place or sockets for the eyes, i n careth for you and will provide. Take lip your crOSB
('£0 be continued.) )
But his was not the soul that drags pool.
Days tainted by life's lepl·osy.
in common ai r . either ; on the contrary, the head was smooth on daily, (cross your natural i ncli nati o n, and follow
���- the top and sides, without the least inequality or in· C hrist ; that is, follow his example by doing good.
Proud in his youth with life well spent, THE MO R M O N PERSECUTloN.-There must e xis t IMPROVED }1"'IRE ENGINE.···Mr. E. Mars , of this d e n t ation.
city, has secured a patent for an i m po rt ant improve·
Seek fi rs t the kingdom of God and his righteoul­
ness, and all things needful will be given you. Hum­
Sad in his hopes to tatters rent,
a h o rrid state of society in some parts of Illinois. The air i(agreeable and exhilarating, making the
A bosom liIursting with shame's dismay,
O ve r one hundred dwellings have been burned by ment in the fire en g in e . By me an s of a crank·screw pulse beat full and strong, and respiration is per­
Blasting the bud of his promising May. ble yourselves before God, and pray earnestly and
lawless mebs, because the tenants were supposed the engine is raised from the ground, and the wheels formed with perfect freedom. The contrast, o n fre que ntly for all the blessings you need, especially
I saw, and how my soul shook then, to be fanatics. Though it is well known that Mor· serve as fly·w heels ; an d by means of ropes attached emerging into the open air, i s so great a s almost t o for faith, wisdom, love, humility, and truth : and give
My daughter, (my joy, my pride, monis m is a grou nd l ess h e resy, it is not likely that to these, one hundred or more pe rsons may aid i n produce suffocation and fainting ; the e xternal air thanks for divine favours. " Beware of the leaven of
Ere I had tUBed to a pestilential den their persecutors have any regard for principle nor w orking the engine. A machine of this plan is. i n being loaded with a thousand disagreeable odors, and the scribes and pharisees :" beware of the bigotry
My home and its fireside ;) religion of any kind ; and would as readily persecute progress, and will soon be ready for operation.
I saw ker, my fair and delicate child­
being heavy and feverish. This is caused by the
� ...... .----
and traditional superstition of a formal clergy, who
an d des tro y the B aptis ts , if they w ere eq u ally un· extreme purity of the atmosphere within the cave, teach for doctrines the commandments of men : but
THE GULF S T REA M .-The current of the G ul f which is always, d uri n g both summer and winter,
Yes, once she was delicate and fair, popular, as they do the Mormons. It is plain that rc h the s c ri p tures to l e a r n what the will of the
s ea
Meek and lowly, gentle and mild, Stream has gen eral l y been ilttributed to the watel'S
. the Government of that State has but little au thori ty of about the same temperature, (600 F ahren h e it . ) . , Ahide in me ; continue ye i n my lov e ."
Hence the air within ap pe a rs warm ill wi n ter and
Lord is.
" Love on e ailOther as I have loved you. " " Let love
And ever with softest speech to spare ; of the Mississippi, especial ly as it was o bs erve d that
I saw her with front brazen and bold,
ove r th e p e ople .
STIJ.L LAT E R . -S i n e e the above w a s in ty pe , we the water of the s tre a m was several degrees w armer
be without dissimulatioJl : a h h o r that which is evil ;
than that of the o c c an in its vi c i ni ty ; and al t ho ugh
c oo l in summer. D urin g the former season there is
have learned that about fifty more dwe l l in gs have cleaye to th at which is good." " H e k i nd ly affec·
Bloated and broken ere she was old ;
And looks I saw from her once chaste eyes,
a constant current of air b l owing into th e cave, suffi·

And words I heard from her lips once pure,

been burned by organized bands in open day. We this reason was very unsatisfactory to cvery geo g ra­ c i e n tly strong to e xt in g u i sh a lightcd c a ndle or lamp tioned one to an oth e r with brotherly lov e. ; in honour;
Telling abroad her infamy,
add no comments!. phy·reading schoolboy, yet no b e t te r or more w hile in the summer, the current is rev erse d . This preferring one another." " Not slothful in b u s iness ;
And I shriek ed with pain beyond endure !
rational theory was discovered till recently. "Jt has c irc u l ation is a preservation against fire damp of
papers are speak ing i n
s pirit ; rej oicing in hope ; patient in tribu­
w hi ch there is n one in the cave .
fervent in
And then I saw a younger frame ; la t i o n ; instant in praycr ; g i vcn to hospitality ; re­
CALIFORNIA.-Several bcen often shown, and satisfactorily proved that the

My fair hair'd Alfred, he was there ; j o i ce with them that do rej o i c c , and weep w i th them
high praise of the land, climate a n d popUlation o f waters of th e P acific O c e an were severa'l feet h igh er -fj ...... �-

than those of t he Atlantic ; and this circ umstan ce LIGR'l'NI NG RODs.-Scientific Profcssors a ppe ar
to be a g re e d that it is very impo r tant tha t l i g ht n i n g
I remember the time when he nightly c:ame California, as i f its annexation t o the U n i tcd States that weep : condescend io m e n of low estate .; pro ·
To my feet, and murmur'd his little prayer I has been m e n ti oned as an o bj e cti on to cutting a sh i p
ord er to be e m ci e n t protectors, should ter­
was actually anticipated. It is said to be as fine a vide things honest i n the sight of all m e n. " " See
canal acrolls th e Isthmus of Darien. B u t it now ro ds , in
And Tom, with his face of innocent mirth, country as Kentucky, with a milder climate, and
appcars e vid ent tltat the wate r of t h'e Pucific flo w s
that nonc render evil tOl' evil unto any man, but ever
minate in m o is t carth, or which is b e t te r, i n a
follow that whi c h is good."
pool
It would be b u t little troubl c to dig
And his voice of cheerful, chirping glee ; plenty of well·wooded streams. The inhabitants " Abstain fro m all ap­
a
pearance of ev il . " Is ther e any thing in all these
And Will, who lit up our evening hearth by a sub t e rran e an channel to the A tl a n ti c , and that of w ate r .
are of the purest white race from the north of
to this current is to be attributed the phcnome non of
injunctions, unreasonable, or i ncons i.ten t with our
With his flashes of infant jollity ; small pit, and supply it o cc as ional ly with w a ter, in
And George, a smiling and gentle boy,
Spain, descendants of the Goths, and akin to the
S i nc e th is t h e o ry was broachcd
h3 ppine8s he re , o r with good go vern m en t regul ations '1
the Gulf S tre am. w hi ch the ro d might terminate ; and i f to this is
Who lived in a quiet gush of joy ;
Saxon, and particularly friendly to the Anglo­

C e rtainly not ; but on the contrary, there is m ore

-which was fi rs t s uggcs te d by C ap t. 'rillou, an added two or three pounds of sulphate of iron, (cop­
Americans.
And th� were gaol.birds, with sadden'd faces, ol d and experienced ship master of th is city,-the peras) once a year, t h e effic a cy of the conductor

ch a
Cursing and railing, without a gleam, peace and enjoyment, even in this world, in living in
would be still more perfe ct.
A ray of thought in an their traces !
TRE F OU RI E R ASSOCIATloNs.-We have often idea that the Mississippi should produce su
full obedicnce to the gOipcl rul e s, than in all the
Trembling I woke,
expressed the opinion that these associations, based curre n t in the ocean, appears de c ided ly ri d i culou s .
" SUPPOR'I.' C
YOUR L O A L NEWSPAPERS," says pleasures of wealth and luxury, with 'indulgence of
ful s
as they were on the integrity and rationality, not to The hi�h temperature of the wate r ofthe Gulf S tre a m
And trembling spolre, the " Southern Mis c el la ny ." S o say we ; let every s in !' ro pe n it i es .
say moral ph ilosoph y of their members, could not is now readi ly accounted for by a k n o w l e dge of the
lo n g ho ld toge ther. There is no prm c iple but that
" Thank God ! 'twas but a Drunkard's Dream !" man first patronize one at least of the papers in his
fact that the temperature of th e earth is much
R e li g i o n s I n t e ll i g e nc e .
A corre s ponde nt of the Edgefield ( S . C . ) Re pub ­
town, county or vicinity ; but not content himself
A
of divine christianity, based on · the Gospel faith, hig her at a distance below, than at its surface : and
D O U BLE
lican, gives intelligence o f a protracte d meeti ng,
CONVERSION .···A Jewish youth, be· with one weekly paper only, but supply himselfwith
capable of holdin g a community in mutual confi­ if this subterranean channel is three or four thousa nd a

S il oam Church, which continued sixteen d ays, dur­

i n g a m e d i cal student, at B erl in, formed an acquain­ thr�e or four different papers. Unless a man is suf·
dence and satisfaction. The reports of difficulties, feet deep, it must pass through earth, the tempera·
t an c e with a you ng lady of the Protestant church, fering extreme poverty, or ignorance of letters, it
disagreements and breaking up of several of the ture of which is far above .he boiling point of w ater, ing, or at the close of which, about forty perllons
A revival o f rel igi o n is
and a mutual attachment ensued, notwithstanding looks niggardly to neglect this important source of
�ourier associations in various places, are no more T his theo ry will prob ably be confirmed by future were added to the c hu rch.
that their different religions formed an insurmounta­ intelligence.
than w as rationally to be eXplicted. observations. a lso reported to have occurred at Montgomery, Ala.,
hIe obstacle to their union. B usiness calIed the
CORREC TION . ··· Our l'eaders are requested to reo during which 130 p e rso ns were added to the Meth­
examine our last paper, a nd c o rrec t the follow ing
youth to B rislan, from whence he wrote to inform
TRE FARMI N GTO N CANAL.··-A survey is being 'rHE " IRON Cl'l'Y," of P i ttsbu rgh, came·to hand
made for a rai lroad on the banks of this canal,
the lady that the obstacle to their marriage had been odist and Baptist churches. .. This excitement,"
last week with a countenance so dec ided ly pale that errors, which oc cu rred in consequence of our being as the writer sta tes, "is still continued by the B ap­
tists :" thus leaving us to infer that the emtement is
removed, as he had b e com e a C hristi an. But soon
and the report thus far is exceedingly favourable. we could not re ad the outside. Whether it had absent. In the article on " The Wild Man of the
after this letter was despatched, he received one from
The company would have done better if it had been frightened by the great turn·out o f the factory
moved earlier in this e n terprise, and b efo r e the other
the lady i nformi ng him that the obstacle to their Mountains," sixth line from b�ttom, for ' continues,' over with the MethodistS!, that churc h having re­
girls, is matter of conjecture. It is generally a bold write ' contrives.' In last line of the second column, cQived most of the converts ; but that the Baptists
We are
union had been removed, as she had become a J e w­
railroad to N orth Hampton had been projec ted . B ut and excellent paper. second page, for ' soul,' write ' cowl.' In the article were not yet satisfied with their share.
glad to hear of re fo r mations, but cannot thi nk very
ess. How they managed to escape this new dilem·
as it is, if a road on this route shOUld be granted and on luminou s ink, for especial oil,' write ' essential
highly of the assidui ty with wh ich reclaimed
m a, re p o rt doe s · n o t say.
'
constructed, it will held a fair competition with the A MONSTER B I RD.·-The Keosa uque 'l'imes spcaks
---�-- oil.' Under the head of the ' Art of Painting,' in the per­
In 35th line,
other roads. We shoul d hope they will fill up the of a pelican which had been recently shot in that
A S ENSIBLE REMARK.-" The most contempti- ninth line, for ' quirls,' write ' quirks.' so ns are gathered into the:churches.
canal, road or no road, that the land it occupies may vicinity and measured eight feet and ten i n ches from
be i mprove d for p as turage, if nothing mo re .
ble position," says the Indiana Journal, " in which fo r a thin oil,' write ' their oil.' In the fifth line ---

an editor can place h i msel f, is b ecomi ng the blow-pipe

the tip of one wing to that of the other, and five feet
•

PREPARE TO DIE, is a common-place injunction ;

of the article on colours, ' for average colour,' write
�.,.,.",.,.-
...
four i n ch es in length. The beak alone measured
and a
preparation for death, is mentioned as an im­
of the would.be-great men of the country ; and it , orange colour.' While o n the subject of errOl'S, we
GO LD IN RE S E RvE. -T he richest gold mine in eighteen inches.
po rtan t duty, by modern church members. But we
has so fre qu ently been done that such men begin to may mention that in No. 4, in the article o n lErial
the world is in the town of Casola in Mexico . The
...
do not like the sentiment. We consider that man·
proprietor, S igno r Yriarte, refuses to work it, be­ kind are naturally i n a st ate of pr e p ara tion for death ;
look upon newspapers as being published for n o other GALVANIZED HOUSES.-··Contracts have been Navigation, in one instance the words, • two horse·

and ,what is now important, is, a preparati o n for

purpose thaa to show thffir greatness. made i n England for the construction of a large powers,' occurs, insead of ' ten horse·powers.' Such
nllmber of dwelli ng houscs, of galva n iz ed iron, for
cause he has already more money than he knows
A S I N G I N G JURY .-A j u ry which had been con· LIFE. " He that liveth and believeth-shall never
errors are perplexing to editors, but cannot al ways
ho w to i nve st o r impro ve, and therefore concludes
tined in th e second story of the Globe Hotel, P h i l ·
· the West Indies, Central America, Peru and Chi l i . be avoided.
What constitutes the galvinization o f the iron, is its
that this tre as u re is· safest under gro u nd.
��
N.� #'��.#
#� .�
�:�
## ·____
die."
ad e lphi a , fro m S aturday u n til Monday of last week, --,�",,�-
MORE l<'AvORs.-·-We have now to ac knowl edge
____

being washed with zinc to prevent rust. '" ANOTHER L INE.-A l i n e of telegraphs between
New-York and the eastern e n d o f L ong Island, is in
and not be i n g able to agree on anythi ng else, fell INGEN IOUS DEVlCE.-A m a n having lost his watch
... the receipt of a small pamphlet from our generous
to si n gi n g with gre at glee, thus s urpr ising and in a theatre a t Paris, proclaimed his loss in a loud
ALTERING 'I.· HE L AW . -- · A printer's wife in Ger­ c orrespondent, S . R. F o rd , of Newark, N . Y., in
amusing the:people,and awakening the echoes of the
progress. This l ine is calcll lat ed fo r shipping in­
e xte nded across the
voice, just before nine o'clock, s ay i ng that the watch
many, took an opportunity of going into the printing which he has evinced his taste by cons p i cuo u sly
lIeigh�ourho()d. would i m mediately strike the hour. The thief who t ell i gence, but lDay be readily
office one night, while a n e w edition of the bible was marking a 80ft article about .. soft light hair, and
Sound toward B oston by t w o conspicuous stations.
sparkling black eyes," l'<:e.
--�� had got it, was terri fied at this, and by e ndeavoring
being printed, and altered a word in Gen. iii. 1 6-·­ We have turned over II!
RETRAC'I.' ION.-Captain S. s p e ak i ng of his suo to escape, was detected.
" and he shall be thy lord," so as to make it read, every leaf in search of the expected sixpence, bu t­ THE MORNING COURIER, is the title of a sprightly
.. and he s hall be thy fool." didn't find it. and i ntere stin g little penny daily p aper, published at
perior officer, remarked that he .. was not fit to
carry s w ill to th e pigs." The superior being of· CHEAP LA N D .-The Kalamazoo Gaze tte say Indianapolis, la., by W. Tho m ps o a Hatch . We
--��.-
fended, Capt. S . readi ly r e t ra c ted by ad mitting that that forty acres of e x cell e nt lalld may be bought for A G OOD REASON .-A paper which had b een DEEP WA'I.'ER• • • •E x p eri men t s have baen made hope it will be liberally patronized. _ _ _
his sup e ri o r " was fit to carry swill, &c." fifteen dollars, at the L �nd Offic e in Ma rshall , Mich. m ai l ed to a fair subscriber, was lately returned to lately to ascertain the depth of the Gulf Stream. A
z

�� It is said that drunken men have · a great affinity

e for railroad tracks. One of th m was n early cut in e
This appears to be the smallest quantity that can b e the publishe.r with the endorsement " Not taken line has been sunk to the depth of a mil and a quar·
The editor says ter, b ut without fi ndin g bottom. two by the cars ou the railroad ne r Geneva, a few
The w ar with Mexico has blown over for the
pr ese nt. The !\1exicaus are not ready to fight.
bou ght at this office, but thousands of acres may be out-slle's ran away and marrud." The experiments a
had at the same rate. the excuse is perfectly sati$factory. are to be renewed. days since.

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.

 _32_____, ____ _ _ _ __ .

·.8®··'!!!....·������!��'!�� ..·1
H aliburton & Co., 12 State street, Bosto n .
Most numerous are the inventiou lost to the world.
tor 118e8, and many doubtless to this day, because the
GENERAL AGENTS.

Colon & Adriance. 2 1 Arcade, P h iladel ph i a .

iaventors, being · poor, lIould not brinl them out. To

I-
� • 'tl "' '= " ;:0 0 � a g}, '" C. A. Hi nckley, Baltimore.
remedy this evil to some extent, the following plan is
_. U a �Hl = § c �.� ;g., ,,, � bD
�.
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III
� Ls � i l'g �0 i �0 �� t;>� �8 �"
"
�.r::gS� �lt W. Davis, Low elL, Mass.
1
LOCAL AGENTS.
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!iJ � • W. H. Pratt, Springield, M as s .
J.

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ollt, present to the p ubl ic the following liberal offers.

;2 '" ,, ::> � f
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new invention s, worthy to be tested and brought
1l .g ;l ..<l ,.. B ·�
.... :l IS . �
a0 ' : = � < t: .... ='" . : : : ." '" � .-d � B ,, � William M. Be au ch a m p, Sknnealele8, N. Y.
til � E. H opk in s , Lyons, N Y .

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.
One inve ntion promises grellt lisefulness te most cities, � .....
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. 2 {l � � � ... .... : � 'tl >"l "' _ : : � 1:: .� s· oo �0 � oo .:!l ":..E :'<1 § ,t. w . & E . .Down es , N ew Ha l'e n , Ct.
villll8es, and farmers ; one, great aid to agriculture .
One, greater safety and cheapness tQ ra il-ro ad eonvey­ I e= ... ,.....,
,.....
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ance ; one a great savin g of expense, time and toil in ·
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::;> 131 == 'tl S. Jo n es, Colchestel·, Ct.
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....
education, &c.
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� • � .... <E f '" � : < � ::;> :-e .M ", z ;; : 13 <I:: 'tl ?3 ""' ....;l ... gj g � 8 " CD § :l Po. ;a • H. S. Snow, Me r i d e n , C t .
_

They r equi re means te brin g them iato use. If many

tot H ! p � � ;J 11 � � ::;> : j � � IS. ] � g : .g t § � ... �j :� 13 � � 1 � � ] � rl 0 l . Safford & Parks , Norwich, Gt.
I
will furnish eaeh a little t he burdun will be light-the

g�
•� = c:.
0 � .� : � e� a rj Po. § W � � p... g � � � i '- 0 -5 ... t: .� 1l � .., ... i S. W. B al d w i n , Brid�eport, C t.
aad this adva ntage the inventors will gladly sharl with
.
success al mos t certa in, aad th e advantage the greater ;
Col . A. P. Chesley, H u ro n , O.

themselve$, it c an not be pres um i ng too mUllh to tr ust

the helpers. Incurring much expense, and risking much
•
_ � Po. � � � m� ...... � �.§ � � ���� � ��!3��D§J: �� .�� !]� �� :Q
�
� < ...
0

... ·: >"l � cziOO-rIl t; " §l s ll t> ., � � � 5 · � E 1l

i [.
w
C h arle� O 'Ne a l , Danen , G eo.
WI -. ... � liJ � ..g � � : ::;> o � ., .5 Major J. Nath a n�, Quincy, Flo.
that an i ntel l igent public will see it to be liberal, and
wise to ri sk a little and invest the sma.ll sum proposed � � � � P:; � : � � ;:a � .5 '3 g,� � .... c3 cH '0 � � e: .� ., § Po.-; � 8. � � ... . Daniel Cobb, Pro v i d e n c �, R I.

i
H. J . P i tm a n , Bri stol, R. I. •
Pot r"T�
b'X=i . � 1 � � � � �-;; � �
�
on the terms here offered . � 1: . � � § : � � p:: § i � 'orIJ �cu l=Q§ i.g
It is little a n y can lose if he were to get no return,
..-.. �
t--'
�
� �� ::t e£ Q.) r.J � cS ...aJ � ""d !i as �z Z � � Cd -5 H . .... � o5� 11... icd �Cd .E� ;§
"S . R. Kidney, jr. N e w ark , N J. 1 23 Broad-street.
W. Solomon, New Brunswick, N J.
.� � .8 a.= Z < : m ..s � 1 1ii § .8 ::I ::;> � � � p:: '0 tiJ � '0 � .� .g .§ � .:: .: f B �
while we must lose far more, even for ad vertisi ng, if

I
I """
, ...tn

T h o m as B oy nto n , Windsor, Vt.

I

none acce pt ou r oilers . But t h ey will have Some return,

C"V?"'=...
....
�
c:. >"l '" .., 0 :t: . S 'O S " 'tl ..g .... ll oo "' .. I'l P .. = <l ... Po. <V bo M bD ., ::I
Shi pley W. R i ck er, South Berwick. Me.
..,
=t
and may much gain. Let then each senei us his name • rm � � :.�� ����]t�l·{� � �]��.����: � � � i �.� �·� !��
.... .... � .... .... 0 ..,- j. W. H . Ward, Washington, D . C.

! hi�88 § § I g"� m:ii ; :L�j:U! m :

� '" U \!) " C!l <l ,=
p.,
a nd $2, or 25 ce nts weekly for ten \yeeks, and se.
P:; e '" 11 § 13

II _ � .. � l!l .s _ Travelling odgent.

cure the advan t age s of these inventioU!.
Clark Sill ec k, Alhany, Troy, and vicinity.
·
We add one othcr consideratien. Had Fitch, who
�

:••••_......;;���.;..��;i����;;:.•.1
tirs t applied ilteam to propel a boat, and was the real

boats would have been in eper ation morc than 50 years

first i nventor of steam boats, received a li ttle aid, steam

ago, and our country wo uld have had the lIndisputed

honor of the inven t ion . But he exh auste4 his meau­
none would help-and though he knew it was WQrth
___

millions, . he died in pove rty, and our e9untry was the

STEREOTYPING AND PRINTI NG.
loser ror a half cen t ury .
T
HE s"bscribers are prep ared t o execute all orders
committed te th ei r charge, witb n e atness, punctu­
PLUMBE NATI O NAL DAGU ERRIAN GALLERY
WORTH Y ATTENTION. OF P A 'rENT PRE MI UM C OLOURED UK ENESSES.
A share or town right of a valuable patent-56 or 100 JOHN WE6'TALI, &, Co. FOUNDED 1840.
ality, and despatch.

1 83 William-st. cor.ner of Spru c e , N.Y. ' -

acres of good farming land ; $2, $30, or $85 (lash ; a
eopy of the circu l ar i nteres t t abl es, or a useful Essay, to
be h ad on easy terms.
DAGUERREOTYPE.
No, 251 Broadway, cor, Murray�St" over Tenney,sJewelry Store, Ni York. H E NRY RO WNTRE E ,
The patent share will be $ellt to any one who sends No. 7§ Court Street, Bostou, Sycamore Street, Petersburgb, Va. lIorrodsburgh Springs, Ky IIII P OItTER OF, AND D EAL E R IN
\lI8 $2, or 25 cents weekly for ten weeks, which share
will be worth $5 or more.
P
.
LATES I PLATES ! ! PLATES ! ! !-To Dagl!erreo­
type odrtistJ and .dJnatett1"8.-In con s equ enc e of re­
peated compl ain ts from Artists of failures to obtain fine
Broadway, Saratoga Springs,
Penusylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.
IJyceum lIall, AJcxaudl'ia, D. C.
No. 1$6 Chesnut-St., Philadelphia,
DIain Street, Newport; R. I.
Main Street, Du Buque, Iowa,
Mechanics' Tools, Hardware aNd Cutlery,
Portra its, from imperfections in the P la t es , the subscrib­ . No . 60 Chatham-st (cor. of Chambers.)
The town right will be his who procures 25 share
No . 449 &Iain Stree� LouiSVille, Ky. No. 1�� Baltimore St., Baltimore, No . 176 �Iain - St , Cincinnati, Oluo.
who s e llds us th e money for 1 50 subscribers within thue T the Tool Store, No. 60 Chathom street, corner of
subscribers and sends us the money. The 50 acres his
.•

er begs leave to inform them th a t he is manufacturing

Plates of a superior quality to any th at have hitherto
Corner of Fourth and etJesll nt Streets, St. Louis,
months. The 100 a cres his who sends us for 300 in
Mo.
A
beea used in this co un try. These Plates h ave been fair­ will be found good tools suitable, for the following Bran­
Chambers, at the sign of the. Saw, Axe, and Plane,
four months. The $2 his who sends us the $2 each for
Consti tuting the oldest and most E x tensive Establishm e n t of the kind in the World,
ly tri ed, and tested by s everal of . the most experienced
12 subscribers in 2 mont hs. $38 his who sends for 100
and skilful operators in . th e UIrited St ates , frOID whom he
and con tainin g more than a thousand portrai ts, embracin g those of the most distinguished ches of trade.
in 3 month., $85 his who sends for 250 in 6 months.
has received certificates that they are su p e rior to any Farriers,
i n d ividua l s i n the U. States. Blacksmiths' Engravers, Hatters, Shoemakfirs,
Brushmakers, Last.makers, Silversmiths
immediately the names of each w a ggon, carriage, plo ugh
The interest tables or Essay shall be his who sends us This Establi shmen t h a v i n g been awarded th e Medal, Four First Premiums, and two
Plates they have enr before u s ed. Carpe nters,
C abinet Makers, Gardeners, M achinists, Tinn ers,
Eurriers, Muons, Tanners,
« Highest Honors" at the E x h i bitions at Bosto n , Ne w York anci Philadelphia, respect­
PAUL C. GODDARD, M. D. Coach Makers Glazien. Millwrights, Uph olsters,
Signed by
or h arness maker, of each farmer whe keeps bees or sitk
ively, for best Pictnres and A pparatus, is thus official l y sn stained in the pos ition of su­
W at ch makers,
worms, of o w ners of furnaces or forges, of each physi­
peri ority heretoforf! Il n i versa l l y assigned i t b y thl:' pn b l i r , a s « Fi1'st in the World. "
WM. G. MAS ON, A m ateu rs .
cian. minister, te acher, mill er, tanner and merchant of
JOSEPH E. MARKER, and C arvers, G lovers Plu mber�,
Price of these superb P h otwrraphs retl uced to that of ord i n ary ones at oth er I)laces, so that. no o n e ne ed
Saddlers,
Cllopers, Gunsmiths, Pattern Makers, and
or more ; and also a share of the patent right if he sends
the village or tow n where he lives, twenty-five names
LITCH & WHIPPLE, now sit for an inferior I i k C lwss 0 1 1 t h p. score of economy .-Taken in any weather .
Messrs. W. & F. LANGENHEIM, Opentor-s, Phila . Chair Makers, .
Wheelwnghts.
25 or more n am es aud 25 c e n ts cash withia one month. " Professor P lumbe.-Ev,"ry u o d y knows t h at this disti nguished artist stands at the h ead of his profession
" Bos to n .
good, and the Mechanic lIlay place confidellCe in them.
do . Which being made expressly to my or,lers, will be found
The p ate n t share to eacb of t hose who pay $2 within in this eoun t r y . "- True Sun .
nnd Wm. G. Mason, 46 C hes n u t-st reet , Philadelphia ;
odgents. -M essrs. W. & F. Langenheim, Exchange,

8 weeks from next September 1, or before, will embrace H; R. assures his frienas that he has no c 9n n eetion
and Messrs. Litch & W hipple, 96 Wash ington -st . Bos ton . " Prof. Plumbe.-TI,is .'el("br:it �J Photographer h 3.� l o n g been regar d ed as the A merican Daguerre "
three i1lVentions ; to those who pay in tile next 5 weeks, . with a ny other store, and that at h is s1 ore, State Prison
None genuine unless stamped ' E. WHITE, ,m aker , N. Y. He'rald. lep 4
N. Y.' M anufactu red and sold wholesale and retail by Plumbe's Premium a nel Geron�1l Apparatus and Instru ctions, Plates, Cases , & c . , at the lowest rates
Tools are N O T SOLD OR UPT.
less CaBh is re ceived in 4 mo n th s, unless we choose. The
two inve ntions ; and but one to others, and not this un­
.
essay or t ab les will also be his wh o pays before Septem­
au2 1 EDWARD WHITE, 178 Broadway, N.Y. PA TENT GALVANIC RINGS ,

large prem iu ms . Most important inventions will thus

AND CRISTIE'S MAGNETIC FLUID.
ber 20tll . What we desire is sp eedy work-hence these
'fem p e r a n c e foundetl on Pb re nol og y alld Physiol ogy,
HIiB remarkable discovery has received the universal
be secured, and a profitahle share to each. BOOKS, T approbation of the medical profession of . Great
We also offer to any one who will s end us $10, $30, Tight Lac i ng,
PUBLISHED AND FOll. BALE
Britain, who have pronounced it a mong the mOlt Impor­
$75 or $ 1 25, to give him 3 , 9, 27 or 64 s hares one-third [ Its evils considered, physiologically. W i th cUL!.]
in each of three inve ntion s , or a t own right of one, two VANIC R I N GS have been found to answer all the piUpO­
t ant ofmodern scientific inventions. The PATENT GAL­

or three of th e patents, and a privi l ege to sell rights, at 2 60 ses for which t h e ol'llinary Galvanic B att ery, or Electric
great profit ; and he m ay commence at once. We can
BY F OWL E R & WE L L S, Fowler'. Wo rks , (calf,)
" " (sheep or muslin,) 2 25
and. Magnetic machines are used, but without any of

131 [All the preceding work s , ( e xcep t t'he irat,) are .ho� nd
give good business of this kind now. If our project the i nj urious SHOCKS which always aecompany the
NO. NASSAU ST., N. Y.
together, containing most of the Author's wOI·k. In a
application by these instruments, and in many other
a great deal of bus in ess Df this kind, and thu l greatly
JBeets with the favor we expect we shall be able to g ive
respects Ilre more saft and certai,. in ac c omplishi n g th e
promote enterprize and i n d ustry . We have the best
budy.]
T,.. Pric. The Galvanic Rings have now been several month s
d es ired obj ect.
maehine to c lean wheat of s m u t, garli-c, &e.; price $75.
OVe!" 70 have been pHI 11\ o pe r a t io n in one county in
Combe's P h y si ol o g y , 8 yo. (with not"s and observa-
Fowler'. Phrenology, (30th edition,) i ::i tions, by O. S. Fowler,) 76
before the English public, aRd the uuivt'rsal reputation
P enn sylva n i a W" h n ve also th e best c ultivator for
$ 1 00
.
tilling cor n and putting i n wheat and rye, from $6 to [A standard w9rk on this science, eminently practilJtlll, ordinary power in the prevention and cu re of the dis­
they have acquired is su ffic ient evidence of their extra­
•

[ From the last Edinburgh edition. ThE! most specific

• - .

$ 15. Also the neatest, ba nd i es t and s w iftest straw cut­ and practicatwork, and the best adapted to the general
and every way calculated for Amateurs. ]
been used with perfect s u ccess in all cases of Rheu ma­
eaaes for which they are recommended. Th ey have
t er of its size, for $ 12 . Office for orders at room 13; 26
Education a n d Self-Improvement, 1 00 reader Df any work on the subject no w extant.

[ Two volumes ia one. Vol. 1. devoted to Physiology, 1 1 00 Headache, Indigestion, Paralysis, Stiff J oints, Ge neral
tism, acute or chronic, G out, Tic Dolcreaux, Si8�
Th.e inventiolls will be of difl�re nt values, and will be The Ame r i c a n Ph re n ol o& i e a l JOlr n al, 6 vols.
Pine street, next to the Custom Hous e.

put into such number of shares as will lD1lke each. ahare Health. and the mental and moral laws of man's nature Debility, Deficiency of Nervous Energy, N euralgia , and
worth $5 o r more. We will dispose of the rights, keep -includin g self-improvement ; the moral trainmg and The Phrenologi esl nnd Phy si o l o g i esl A l m a n m, l�i all Nervon s DiIorde£s. The galvanic power which they
government of cRildren ; and the perfection of charac­ [ T l�is annual contains prnctiool advice touching health­
•

possess is gradual and constant, and the beneficial

. phrenological and physiological facts, &c. lllustrated
the accounts, and pay to share holders the dividends.
ter, by enlarging defective, and diminilhing exc.essive effects they produce upon the system must be witnessed
s end them a paper g i v i n g thtm a full accouat of the in­
We ahall a lso frOID time to time, quarterly or oftener,
ana showa hDW to cultivate them ; improve the mem­
organs . Vol. H.-Analyses the Intellectual Organs,
containing muoh valuable phrenDlogical matter. 6! c.]
to be believed. The Galvanic Rings are in every way
ventions, as fa r as it will be best tD pu�i8h it. We
with cuts. Also, back Bumbers f�r 1840-1-2--3-4-5 ,
perfectly harmless, and are sold at prices to be within
s hall send them the first in September. Let it announce
Every l'�e of this work will be found to lUIfDld some 8
ory ; educate children ; ana discipline the mind. the reach of ali duirous of testing their efficacy. Dr.

rica pnnClple of human nature, or to point out some

Synopsis on Phrenology,
[A .. multum in parvo" pIlJllpblet, Df whioh over
Christie waros the American public from the beginning,
It will n ot fail if n o more subscribe than we already
that subscribers are alre ad y in to secure the whole project.
important law of virtue and happiness . ]
cl) p i es have ·been IIOW.] New York is at 134 FULTON STREET, a few doors
150,000 to beware of spuriow imitati0n8. Th e only Agency in

us to do more ; thus no r. e will lose, but if maRY help, the

have. We can do a l ittle, and eacb who h elps wID aid
Hereditary Delteent : its Laws and Faet II from Broadway, &nd from the secret proces s by which
better will it be to each. One of the most promising in­
75
[Facts on this subject are intensely interesting, and high
The Phrenologieal G uide, 121 the metals are prepared to be rendered sensitive and
ventions will be very costly to start. We waDt 10,000
•

ly instructive . To produce it. richest barvest, human 29 galvanic effect. CHRISTIE'S MA GNETIC FLUID, used m
efficient, all imitations must be en tirely devoid of a�y
Symbolical' Head, and Phrenological Chart,
c ost ; and i t is certain of success, it has been so far test­ which the, ,facultiea are represented by elegant aad con n ection with the Rings, to accelerate and render
subscribers for it : b ut it will be worth ten times the
improvement must commence with ths GERM. Here
haS been the fatal error ! This �ole subject-(lle
[In
ed. The others Dre very excelle nt in promise. effective the galvanie action, is only to be pl"ocured at
reltttion. o.f parent. to tkeir ckildren-the transmis-
the saDle pl a ce .
The inventions are very im port ant ; the land good ia
furcible engnninge. ]

sion of qualities , physical, intellectual, and moral, from Ph ren o l ogy Vindicated, lG sll
parents to children, and its applica tion to the improve- RIlIWer to Dr. Frank H. Hamilton, in which the
tbe Essay on a s ubj ect of deep interest to all ; alld the
this State or in Pennsylvania ; tho Tables useful, and
ment of progeny )-is fully treated in this work. ]
rAn
pr0B.f. or the Icience are succinctly adduced. Illustra-
A ll A M S & C O . ' S E X P R E S S , J
periodical we1 shall occasionally send, free of eharge,
ted with cuts.] TO PIT'l'SBURG, P A . ,

S. 26
will be of general interest to farmers, mechanies, paten­ Phlenology applied to Matrimony, T H R O U G H IN F O U R D A Y S I
[Including dirootions for chDDiing con genial cempaniQns
Love aUlI Pllrentnge, (by O. Fowler,) HE subscrihers respetfully inform I he publi c that th ey
to all.
tees, physicians, m iniste rs, and owners of minerals, and
for life . . [A pplied tu the improvement of off�pri ng ; in cluding T
•

have completed an exclusive co ntra ct with the propri­

n is thus the interest of all to push this proj ect. Let much valuablo i-nfonnation and eu gfjestion to both 8exes
With hints to the married ]

then each improve this offer at once, and have the satis­ and all ages ; toge ther with the evils and remedies e£ at Philadelphia, for the d aily tralUlpertatiun of Irol1
etors of the well-known " Pioneer and Express Line,"

faetion of aiding to bring out great inventiolls that pio­

and Revealed,
exccMh'e Rnrl perverted Il mati vene ss .
Religion, Nat urIrI
L Or, the natural t!teory and moral bearings of Ph'renD!o­
mise vut benefit to mankind, and gootl profit to the The arrallgement of ADAMS & CO. are such as 10
Chests to Pittsburg, under their own lock s and keys.
gy. A compariilon of the reiigion of the Bible with JI7 PH RENOLOGICAL HEADS marked , showing the
. exact locat i o n of tho organs. 1 O. in sure greal er despatch ill the forwardi n g and delivery
who are s tr u ggl i n g willl poverty, whom we sreatly de­
helpers, as well a s timely aid to some worthy inventors, .
10" VERBAL A N D WRITT EN DELINE ATIONS OF
natural religion ]
of valuable paek ages and parcels of every il4!sctiption
sire to aid. Now is the W O RD ! Now or never. If than has been before (lffered to the pu bli c . The Pioaeer
C H A RA C T E R l i k e w ise given. Examinatioll and
QUICKLY do n e, it will be DONE a nd WELL done, and Express line being in perfect order and running
Fowler, on M em o ry,
[Or, Phrenolf) gy a.pplied to the cultivation of the memory C hart, $1 00. Written descriptions, . 3 00
and a GOOD THING done.
It will be easy for tWI' or more to u nite, write their -,he intellectual education of the child re n_nd the ilJ'" The Wor];R of GALT., SPURZHEIM, and COMBE.
through to Pittsbnrg in three and one-half days from

names in a l etter, put .. the money, a nd direc t to G. vII also b e fl lrn ;shetl at. the above Cabinet. D:;;r-Merchants will fi nd it to tbeir interest to make
Philadelphia.
strengthening and expanding of the intellectual powers
Peck & Co., N ew York . TIle mail will briag it safe, or • Co llections through the medillm 01" Adams & Co.'. Ex­
B R O W p ress . It is the ch eap es t and !Dost &pedltious method,
New York, Au gus t, 1 845. Stand, 276 Bowery.-BENEDICT & SON, \�o u ! (l
w e will risk it, and pay the pestage.
, and the strictest attention will be giveR to collecting or
J . M. D O L L A N , OR th e accommod ation of th e Publir, Ilt the Olli JO H N N,
SCO URE R AND C L O THE S RENOVATOR, F CA RPENT E R & PRINTERS'
res pec tfull y inform their custom e rs an � t h e pllhl lc l D �
G. PECK &. CO.
Editors who wil l n otice th is rare proj ect and adveltise
JOINE R,
it, will prom ote a great IlUblic good, and shall share li­ Nos. 29 & 61 Ann-street,
paying Notes, Drafts, Bill.!o, &c. &c.
,
New York,
berally in the adv ant nge they promote. For 13 Inser­ and renewi ng thei s tock of G o �s , cons,,,hng of the J ol­
AS the pl eas ure to annou n ce to his old cUltomers
war, led on the same day . Small packages r�eived
g ene r al, that they have been refitting t h e i r �s tabl lShn, � nt Goods receiveJ before half past one o'clock are for­
H .
r F-urn it1lfe� &c.
tions of the proj ect in full, they shall receive 5 of the lowing articles, viz. Gold and SlIver R & G Bce�ley amI until h alt�p ast four o'clock P. M .
and their friends, that be has a Ne\v Composition �Jf ANUFACTURER of C as �s, Stands,
for removing Stain s, wi thou t inj ury to the cloth, (having lU_ Stereotype Bl ocks, ef vanous sizes. :-
a thorough knowledge Df m ate tials used in th e man ufa c­ C I Tob i lls Levers Chronometers, D u p l e x , Lep l Il e a n d Adams ar. Co. run the only P ack Dle Express Carl to
ture of oloth, ) and restore its origin al col o ur, without
three right shlues.
oth er Watches t�o n um erou s to mention. P biladelphia.
on
hand.
Box-wood and Mahogany, for Engravers, always

already i nc urred for p atents, models, machines, advertis­ injury, on the most re asen abl e terms .
Besides th e guarantee, which the expense we have
consistin" of lht e diamond p i n s and rin gs , gold ehnins
J e wel ry,
Agent in Philadelphia, E. Sandford.
Pittsburg, R. W. Berford. ,ep 4
Stereotype Plates blocked at short notice.
and m iniatu re cases, gold fob and vest chains, Ladies'
and examine fo r yourselves, at
ing, &c. to m ake these proposals, gives, to warrant oon­ Gentlemen, this is worthy your attention. Please call "
Book-bi nders' Cutting and P attern Boards.
Press, Paper, and L etter Boards, of every description.

vored with the following certificate, signed by Hon. R .

fidence at l eas t to the l i ttle extent we uk, we are fa­ an d Gents' fine bos om brooches, and a ha n dsom e assort­
561 Pearl Street, one door .from Broadway. Stereotype Boxes, made to order. CUMMINGTON QUINEBAUG
10"" J. M. D. will call in a ny part of th e city for th e ir Our Silver Ware c on sist s of sposns, forks , k n i ves, sugar
ment of ri ch ailt and marble parlour clocks.
H. Morris, late m ay or and pres e nt post-master, and by Pr i n ters ', St e reot ypers , Type Founders', and · l'Iook­ Y T H E
to ngs, soup, ladle, salt, mustard and e�g spo� ns, &c.,
S C S T O N E S t
Hon. F. A. T al lmadge, the present record6r of New
F'rom the CelebraJed Robbins Ledge.
sep 1 8 which are warranted to be as pure as COlO. Sl i v er scts
accommodation. Altering and repairing with neatness Bind ers' Jobbi ng Work done at the s hortes t notice.
N. B. Orders from v arious sections of the cou ntry MANUFACTURED BY J. S. S TAFFORD & 00.,
m ade to order. A good assortm e n t of Britan nia a n d
York :- roughout.
" Messrs. G. Peck & Co. wish bg the publie to favor sep 4
their business, this certifies, that, from our personal ac­ Plat ed Ware co nstantl y on hand. You a r e i nv it e d to
solicited, and prom ptl y executed.
od . G. 1UGLE Y'S CELEBRodTED IMPRO VED HE unprecedented sale o f the Cummingt im Quint­
CVMMINGlfON, MASS .
call and examine fi)r vourselves. T
pos als will nDt be m isp l ae ed.
quaintance we are assured that confidence in their pr6-

fully established their c laim to S UP ERIORIT Y 0 VER

baug S C l'THE STOlI'ES, during two year., has
ROBT. H. MORRIS,
EVER-POINTED GOLD PEN.
•
DA GUERREOTYPE APPARATUS
HIS Pen rece ived the highest premium at th e last
ModRTIN BENEDICT ,

F. A. TALLMADGE . . Fair of the American Insti tute, and h as be en pro­ N.B.-M. Be n ed i ct wouid state to the public ia g e n e­ No. 82 N assau-st reet, New-York, is constantly­
JOHN J . BENEDICT. ND MATERIALS.-JOHN ReACH, O ptician,

" New York, August, 1 845."

T A nec ess ary any J ecommendation from the proprietors .
odLL OTHER STONES now in uoo, and renders un­

nounced by the fint teachers of ? en ma nsh ip in the coun­ ral that he is no s tra n ger in the city, hnviog been e s ta_b ­
iD" A contin uan ce of public ratronage is respectfnlly
try to be infinitely superior to any Gold Pen ever before li�hed 22 years in bu si n e s s in the Bowery. The repalr­ quality used in the Daguerreotype process. Plates,
m anufact u ri ng, and has on h a n d all articles of the best

$ 100,000, the profits of which. from this State or Musa­ i n a of watches, j ewelry, and French parlor clocks, at-
N. B.-We h ave one invention, well tested, wOl1h
lIOlicited. All l lrders addressed 10 J. S. STodFFORD,
ehusetts will b e three times that sum in the next five or JodCOB MORSE, (sole proprietors ) or STEPHEN
te� ded to wi t h s tri ct pu n c t u al i ty .
C ases and Chemicals can be had as cheap, if not che ap­
er, th a n from any other establishment, all warranted of
introducei to the American public. The lasting proper­

years. It n eeds a c apit al Df $25,000. A h alf can be MORSE, odgtnt, Cummi1lgton, iVan., will meet with
'good quality. Cameras of his own manufa4ture, as well
ties of this Pen are undoubted, owil'lg to t he total ab­ au23

had for this sum, onc half as c apital, and an equal as Fren c h and G erman ones. Any artiale or instrument
isence of"-eorresibility from imy of the inks in use, and
For ule at all the principal hard-ware stores. sll
AMERI C A N INSTITUTE F A.I R. prl)mpt attention.
sum to be paid ou t of · the h alf of the first avails.
the peculiar shape of the n i b s, [which was first intro­
dU4eQ by m agley] makes it more pleasant to nse, ren­ sold will not be rep res en ted to be of different manu rac- ,
ID"" All our travelling and city agents will have re­ .I.. AMERICAN INSTITUTE at NIBLO'S GARDEN,
fT'mE EIGHTEENTH GREAT FAIR OF THE
&
ceipts to give, signeil by us. Postmasters, Editors, and
ture from what it really is. Orders 1\-om the country, by
prE!\'ents the necessity of th e great care that other arti. N ew-York .-Th e Fair will open. on' Monday, the 6�h of express or otherwise, will be pun ctually attended to.
de. it less liabl e to damage, more easy to repair, and A D A M S C O.'S
others, acting as local agents, in towns and villages GREAT E ASTERN, SOUTHERN, A ND
October next at 12 o' clock , M . The days for dehver­
cle, of the kind requ i re .
Jianufactllry, 189 BROADWAY, N. York.
WE STERN DAILY P A.CKAGE
in" ar ticles t the Garden, THURSD AY, FRIDAY and SA­
au23
where they are known ,. will give their own receipts, ;
T J'ltDAY p revious . The National Convention of Far­ B E E B E & C O S T A R ,
au23
waich will be duly a ck nowledged by G. Peck & Co. EXPRESS.
J . B. CJ.ARE Y & CO., E
au 22
erpool, we have establshed a UR OPEAN EXPRESS,
m€rs Gardene rR, and Silk C u ltu rists, will be h eld on IN connection with Messrs. Wilmer & Smith, Df Liv­
Thu;sday, 9th October. D el eg at e s, wit� ou t further no­ NO. 156 B ROAD WAY.
HATTERS,
tice, a r e invited from all p arts of t he U mon o The Cat­ limilu in its design a nd eperaliou to our A1:nerican Ex­
E SPE C T FU LLY invltl! tnose who are in want of a
A LL E N- S T R E E T ARTISTS, &c.,
D Y E R A N D e O A T R E N O V A T OR .
SUMMER HAT, to call at th ei r establishment ar- cI
MANUFACTURERS OF ORNAMEN TAL pres�, and alike beneficial to thl' !Berchants and imPOrtCI S
OATS Re novated at 5 0 c e n ts ; Vests, 12 1-2 ;­
SHOW CARDS,
tle Show will be held on the ground between 23d amI
R of both cOlintries. Custom House bu isn ess promptly at­

ADAPTEP
for utili�y as well as. ornament, for stor�s t('nded to.
24th streets, 5tb Avell ue .
M at ches, &e., as u su al . Head Quarters for Mana g�r&,
Ploughing and Spading
Ladies' Dresses Dyed, frDm 50 c ents to $1 00 ; CRANIUM PROTECTORS, so light, airy, el astic and beauti­
ge\ t hem selv es fitted with one of their speCially admire.!
C iR all kmds of busmess. Spe cimens may be seen m C om m itte es, &c., secured in the M adis o n Cottage. Fme Express for the South and West leaves Office daily,
the le ading stores of the pri n cip al cities of the \: Oi,o. at qu artl'r to 3 and half p ast 4 P. M.
P arasols and Sun Shades Cleaned at 25 eents ; f'll, that OLD SOL, t h rough its agre e able and Iloolingin­
t erven ti on, is fai rly set at defian c e .
Agents for Boston : Messrs. Sowle & Shaw. MT. J. Express for the East at quarter to 5 P. M.
Carpets Cleaned whole at 6 ce n ts per yard ; hors es for draft, healthy fat cattle, and s h e ep for market,
A splendid new article ot M crehants and others will bear in mind, we run the
us eful inventions, will c omma nd higher p remiu ms than
well matched and trained worki n g cattle, a n d new ant!
Velvet of all des cription s Cleaned or Dyed ;
Hearth Rugs C leaned or Dyed ;

Crllpes or Gauzes Dyed ; Blankets Cleaned ; del'S reeeived by him will mee t with prompt Rttention.
L. Lazarus is now visitmi the Eastern States-All or­

34 BEEKMAN-STREET, (l ate 323 Broadway.)

at any pre cedin g Fair. AD open i n g, anmversnry, &c. LEGHORN CAP S FOR CHILDREN, E
ONLY xpress Cars between New York and Baltimore.
sep 4 ADAMS &. CO. Wall street.
A ddresses will be d eli vered by the most emi n en t orators with a variety of STRAWS, PANAMAS, &.c. A beautiful
N. B.-Terms, Cash. 10" Observe ! our names are printed at the foot of our country. The people of th is great R epubl i c are article of Walkin, Stick, called the MALACCA CAlf); ;
Gentlemen's Cloth es Repaired.
of .J ORN WESTA.LL A.ND co.. PRINTERS, WILLIA.lIl­
eaoll card, and we caution the invoked zealously to oo-operate in eatrying ou t this 631:. with Cane Umbrellas, Cane Fisning-rods, Carpet :Bags,
183
T. SMITH,
au23 &c. &.C. a� ITRDTf NIW.YOltX.
in the neld.
public that imitators are
p18 No. 70 .dllllfHtreet, near Qra1ld�treet, N. Y. au23 hibitioo.

© 1845 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.