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NOTES 2 Constraints and Assignment

The document discusses the SQL INSERT INTO statement which is used to add new rows of data to a table in a database. It provides examples of inserting data into tables by specifying column names or not specifying column names and ensuring the value order matches the column order. It also discusses different constraints that can be applied to tables like NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, and DEFAULT. An example table is created with different constraints and INSERT statements are provided to insert data along with expected success or error messages.

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33 views

NOTES 2 Constraints and Assignment

The document discusses the SQL INSERT INTO statement which is used to add new rows of data to a table in a database. It provides examples of inserting data into tables by specifying column names or not specifying column names and ensuring the value order matches the column order. It also discusses different constraints that can be applied to tables like NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, and DEFAULT. An example table is created with different constraints and INSERT statements are provided to insert data along with expected success or error messages.

Uploaded by

niranjan acharya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSERT INTO Statement

The SQL INSERT INTO Statement is used to add new rows of data to a table in the
database.

It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement as shown


below

a.If you are adding values for all the columns of the table, you do not need to
specify the column names in the SQL query. However, make sure the order of the
values is in the same order as the columns in the table.
Here, the INSERT INTO syntax would be as follows:

INSERT INTO table_name


VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Assignment
===========
Create table with the name of your choice and then add
columns which must consists 6 records
for example:
FirstName LastName Age salary
---------||--------||----||------
Girish Kumar 30 66000
Hema kumari 26 45000

Constraints
-----------

Constraints are the rules enforced on the data columns of a table. These are used
to limit the type of data that can go into a
table. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the database.
Constraints could be either on a column level or a table level. The column level
constraints are applied only to one column,
whereas the table level constraints are applied to the whole table.
The constraints in SQL are
==========================

1) NOT NULL : This constraint can be used on the data in a table , whenever the
column should not be left empty.

1) NOT NULL:
Employee
Name | Id | salary | department_Id
CREATE TABLE Employee
(
Name varchar2(20) NOT NULL,

);

2) UNIQUE : This constraint can be applied on the column whenever the values
to be stored without any duplicates.

2)UNIQUE
CREATE TABLE Employee
(
Name varchar2(20) NOT NULL,
Id int UNIQUE AND NOT NULL
);

3) PRIMARY KEY:This constraint is used in a table to indicate the value is unique


and not null. And also will be using for referencing.
CREATE TABLE Employee
(
Name varchar2(20) NOT NULL,
Id int PRIMARY KEY
);

4) FORIEGN KEY: THIS CONSTRAINT is used in a table to indicate the value is


referred
with PRIMARY KEY.

5) CHECK : It is used to check or validate the values of a column to meet a


particular condition.

6) DEFAULT : It is used to specify a default values for the column when no


value is specified by the user.

Assignment 2:
===================

execute the queries below and observe the output


i) if it is success then write the success msg below the insert statement.
ii) if it is error then write the error msg and write the note on why error msg as
occured.

EXAMPLE:
CREATE TABLE Atom
(
ID int PRIMARY KEY,
name varchar2(20) NOT NULL,
age int CHECK(age>=18),
salary int,
isMarried varchar2(4) DEFAULT 'NO'
);

insert into Atom values(1,'Roopa',22,30000,'Yes');


insert into Atom values(2,'Naveen',23,34566,'');
insert into Atom values(3,'Suman',18,2344,'Yes');
insert into Atom values(4,'Roopa',22.777,30000,'Yes');
insert into Atom values(5,Arthi,23,34566,'');
insert into Atom values(5,'Arthi',23,34566,'');
insert into Atom values(6,'Suman',18,7654,'Yes');
insert into Atom values(6,'Suman',18,'Yes');
insert into Atom values(7,'Shankar',24,40000,'');
insert into Atom values(8,'Amrutha',24,40000,' ');
select * from atom;
drop table atom;

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