School: Dauin National High School Grade Level: Grade 12

Teacher: SHEEN MAE T. ALABAN Learning Area: PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Date and Time: February 19-22, 2024 Quarter: 3 Week: 3

Senior High School

LESSON PLAN
I. OBJECTIVES Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of…
1. the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research
2. the importance of quantitative research across fields the nature of variables

B. Performance Standards The learners should be able to…

Decide on suitable quantitative research in different areas of interest.

C. Learning Competencies Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses. CS_RS12-Ia-c-3

Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
1. Identify and define different types of variables.
2. Analyze scenarios to correctly classify variables according to their nature and characteristics.
3. Appreciate the importance of variables in making quantitative research.
II. CONTENT Variables: Nature/Type/Uses

III. LEARNING Helpfulproffesor.com

RESOURCES Applied Research: An Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods and Report Writing
A. References Author: Myla M. Arcinas,PhD
Other Learning References
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing Previous Quick Review Quick Review Quick Review Quick Review
Lesson or Presenting New  What is quantitative  Compare and contrast  What are the • How is independent
research? quantitative and classification of variables different from dependent
Lesson variable?
 Why is quantitative categorical variables based on the levels of

1
 research important across measurement?
field?
B. Establishing a Purpose The learners will be able to illustrate the importance of variables in doing quantitative research.
for the Lesson
C. Presentation Examples Explain the quote “"Quantitative Guess the Picture Guess the Picture Exam: Understanding Variables in
or instances of the New research is the art of turning data Research Section
into insights, providing a structured
Lesson approach to understanding complex I. Multiple Choice (10 items)
phenomena." - John Doe 1. What type of variable
represents numerical data that can
Explanation: This quote underscores be measured or quantified?
the transformative power of a) Categorical b) Nominal
quantitative research in converting c) Quantitative d) Ordinal
raw data into meaningful insights. Correct answer: c) Quantitative
Through statistical analysis and
interpretation, quantitative 2. Which of the following is an
researchers can uncover underlying example of a categorical variable?
patterns, relationships, and trends a) Temperature in degrees Celsius
within datasets, offering valuable b) Age of participants
insights into the phenomena under c) Gender (Male, Female)
investigation. d) Height in centimeters
Correct answer: c) Gender (Male,
Process Questions: Female)
1. Can you guess what the
lesson will be today? 3. Which level of measurement
involves categories or labels
without any inherent order?
a) Nominal b) Ordinal
c) Interval d) Ratio
Correct answer: a) Nominal

4. In a Likert scale questionnaire,

what level of measurement does
the response scale typically
represent?
a) Nominal b) Ordinal
c) Interval d) Ratio
Correct answer: b) Ordinal

2
 (Dependent and Independent 5. Which level of measurement
Variables) involves numerical values with
equal intervals between
Process Questions: consecutive values, but lacks a
true zero point?
1. What do a) Nominal b) Ordinal
you think c) Interval d) Ratio
is the Correct answer: c) Interval
lesson today?
6. In a research study investigating
the effects of temperature on
reaction time, what is the
independent variable?
a) Temperature b) Reaction time
c) Type of experiment d) None of
the above
Correct answer: a) Temperature

7. A variable that is observed and

measured to determine the
outcome of an experiment is
known as:
a) Independent variable b)
Dependent variable c) Ratio
variable d) Categorical variable
Correct answer: b) Dependent
variable

8. Which of the following variables

represents a ratio level of
measurement? a) Blood type (A, B,
AB, O) b) Likert scale responses
(Strongly Disagree, Disagree,
Neutral, Agree, Strongly Agree) c)
Annual income in dollars d)
Educational attainment (High
School Diploma, Bachelor's
Degree, Master's Degree, PhD)
Correct answer: c) Annual income

3
 in dollars In a study examining the
relationship between hours of
exercise and weight loss, what is
the dependent variable?
a) Hours of exercise b) Weight loss
c) Type of exercise d) None of the
above
Correct answer: b) Weight loss

10. Which type of variable is

typically represented by non-
numeric categories or groups? a)
Quantitative b) Categorical c)
Nominal d) Ratio
Correct answer: b) Categorical

II. Identification
III. True or false
D. Discussing New Power Point Presentation: Power Point Presentation Power Point Presentation
Concepts and Practicing Variables: Nature/Types and Uses
Classifying Variables Based on the Dependent vs Independent
New Skills #1 Level of Measurement. variables

Variables  Variables are either  Independent variables

 A variable is a concept, a discrete if categorically are those that the
noun that stands for scaled (nominal or researcher chooses to
variation within a class of ordinal) or continuous if study in order to assess
objects, such as chairs, continually scaled their possible effect(s)
gender, eye color, (Interval or ratio). on one or more
achievement, motivation, or
 A quantitative variable is variables. It is presumed
running speed.
one in which the to affect or somehow
 Something that can take on
different values for different variable differ in kind influence at least one
subjects in a given research rather than in other variable.
study. magnitude.  Independent variable
 Is a “target measurement” Influences the
Level of Measurement of
or “outcome” of your dependent variable
variables
problem while dependent
statement/research variables are the
question. presumed outcome of

4
 1. Nominal variables – are the influence of the
QUANTITATIVE VS CATEGORICAL variables whose data independent variable.
VARIABLES values are non-numeric  Dependent variables are
group labels that do not those variables that are
Quantitative reflect quantitative presumed to be affected
information. Ex. Sex, by the independent
 Quantitative variables exist
Marital status, variables. This means
in some degree along the
nationality that dependent
range from less to more,
and you can assign numbers variables “depends on”
to different individual or what the independent
subjects to indicate how variables do to them, or
much of the variable they how independent
possess. variables affect them. It
 These are variables whose can be portrayed
data values are counts or graphically as follows:
numerical measurements
and whose observations
vary in magnitude.
 Examples include age,
number of children and
income.
 Discreate variables are
quantitative variables
whose observations can
assume only countable
number of values. Ex. No. of
children in the family, no. of
tardiness in class.
 Continuous variables are
quantitative variables
whose observations can
assume any one of the
countless number of values
I a line interval. Ex. Are
height weight, and time.

Categorical or Qualitative
 Categorical variables do not

5
 vary in degree, amount, or 2. Ordinal Variables – are
quantity but are variables where there is
qualitatively different. Few a meaningful order of
of the examples are eye categories but there is
color, gender, religious no measurable distance
preference, occupation, between categories. Ex.
position on a baseball team,
Order of values high,
and most kinds of research
medium, low but the
“treatments” or “methods”.
Even, Learning Delivery distance between values
Modality (e.g. Printed cannot be calculated.
modular distance learning,
online distance learning,
etc.)
 These are variables whose
data values are non-
numeric and whose
observations vary in kind
but not in degree. Ex. Sex
(male/female), Religion
(catholic/islam/etc.),
marital status
(single,married,etc.). 3. Interval Variables –
variables whose data
values ranged in a real
interval and can be as
large as from negative
infinity to positive
infinity. The difference
between two values is
meaningful but the ratio

6
 of two interval data is
not meaningful.
4. Ratio Variables – is the

highest level of
measurement that has
all the characteristics of
interval level plus a true
zero point. Both the
difference and the ratio
of two values are
meaningful and there is
always an absolute zero
that is meaningful. Ex.
Age in years and income
in thousands of pesos.
And age of 44 years is
higher than the age of
38, and the distance
between the two values
is 6 years.

E. Discussing New N/A N/A

Concepts and Practicing
New Skills #2
F. Developing Mastery Individual Activity 1.__________________________ Group Activity.
(Leads to Formative Create a Venn diagram to show the Pair Activity: ___________________________
___________________________ In groups of 5, explain the
Assessment)

7
similarities and differences of "Levels of Measurement 2. importance of quantitative
Quantitative and Categorical Exploration" ___________________________ research in the following fields:
variables. ___________________________
Objective: To deepen __________________________ Group 1: ABM
understanding of nominal, 3.
ordinal, interval, and ratio Group 2: ICT
___________________________
variables through real-world ___________________________ Group 3: HUMSS
examples and collaborative _______________________
discussion. Individual Activity: "Identifying Group 4: Hospitality Industry
1. Create your own examples for Independent and Dependent
Group 5: STEM
each level of measurement and Variables"
exchange them with another pair Each group will present their
Objective: To enhance
for categorization. This output in a creative way.
understanding of independent
encourages creativity and deeper
and dependent variables through
engagement with the concepts.
real-world examples and self-
assessment.

Example Questions for the

Activity:

1. In a study investigating
the effects of caffeine on
reaction time, what is
the independent
variable?
2. In a survey examining
the relationship
between exercise
frequency and
cholesterol levels, what
is the dependent
variable?
3. In an experiment testing
the impact of
temperature on plant
growth, what is the
independent variable?

8
 4. In a research study
exploring the
relationship between
parental involvement
and academic
achievement, what is
the dependent variable?
5. In an investigation into
the effects of different
study techniques on
exam scores, what is the
independent variable?

(Note: The complexity of the

questions can be adjusted based
on the participants' level of
understanding and familiarity
with the concepts of independent
and dependent variables.)

G. Finding Practical Questions to be asked. Questions to be asked. Questions to be asked.

Applications of Concepts 1. Why is it important to know 1. Why do we need to 1. Is it important to know
and Skills in Daily Living the difference between know the level of the dependent and
categorical and quantitative measurement of the independent variable in
variables? variables in conducting conducting quantitative
2. Give real life examples quantitative research? research? Why?
wherein categorical and 2. Give scenarios where
quantitative variables are the variables are seen.
seen.

Possible Answers:

Market Research: In market

research, quantitative variables such
as sales figures, customer age,
income level, and purchase
frequency are essential for analyzing
market trends, customer

9
demographics, and buying behavior.
Categorical variables: Categorical
variables such as gender, product
preferences, brand loyalty, and
geographic location help segment
the market into distinct groups for
targeted marketing strategies and
product development.

Medical Research: Quantitative

variables like blood pressure,
cholesterol levels, body mass index
(BMI), and heart rate are crucial for
studying health outcomes,
treatment effectiveness, and disease
progression. Categorical variables:
Categorical variables such as disease
diagnosis (e.g., hypertension,
diabetes), smoking status
(smoker/non-smoker), and medical
history (presence/absence of
comorbidities) are used to classify
patients into different groups for
comparative analysis and risk
assessment.

Education: Quantitative variables

such as test scores, GPA, attendance
rates, and dropout rates are utilized
to measure academic performance,
identify trends in student
achievement, and assess the
effectiveness of educational
interventions. Categorical variables:
Categorical variables such as grade
level, type of school (public/private),
socioeconomic status, and special

10
education status are employed to
categorize students based on
demographic and background
characteristics for educational policy
planning and resource allocation.

Political Science: Quantitative

variables such as voter turnout
percentages, election results,
political party affiliations, and
campaign spending amounts are
used to analyze electoral behavior,
voting patterns, and political
outcomes. Categorical variables:
Categorical variables such as political
ideology (liberal/conservative), voter
demographics (age, ethnicity), and
geographical regions (urban/rural)
help classify voters into different
groups for understanding voting
behavior and political preferences.

Environmental Science: Quantitative

variables like temperature,
precipitation levels, air quality index
(AQI), and biodiversity indices are
employed to quantify environmental
parameters, monitor ecosystem
health, and assess the impact of
human activities on the
environment. Categorical variables:
Categorical variables such as land
use types (agricultural, residential,
industrial), species classifications
(endangered/threatened), and
pollution sources (point source/non-
point source) aid in classifying

11
 environmental variables for spatial
analysis and environmental
management.

H. Making Generalizations Questions to be asked. Questions to be asked. Questions to be asked. Questions to be asked.
and Abstractions about the 1. How do quantitative  Give the level of  Compare and Contrast
Lesson variables differ from measurement and independent and
categorical variables? explain each. dependent variable.
2. Can you provide examples
of quantitative variables
commonly used in research
or everyday life? How about
examples of categorical
variables?

I. Evaluating Learning Directions: On the space provided, Let’s Have a Quiz! Let’s Have a Quiz!
write TRUE if the statement 1. Which level of 1. In a study examining the
describes measurement involves relationship between
quantitative research and FALSE if it categories or labels hours of study and exam
is incorrect. without any inherent scores, what is the
order? independent variable?
_______1. Quantitative data can be a) Nominal a) Hours of study
presented using tables and graphs. b) Ordinal b) Exam scores
_______2. The results of c) Interval c) Type of exam
quantitative research can be used to d) Ratio d) None of the above
generalize and Correct answer: a) Correct answer: a) Hours
predict. Nominal of study
_______3. The research study 2. In which level of 2. In an experiment
cannot be replicated or repeated measurement do investigating the effects
because it is categories have a of fertilizer on plant
unique in every case. specific order or ranking, growth, what is the
_______4. Data are in the form of but the differences dependent variable?
numbers and analyzed statistically. between categories are a) Type of fertilizer
_______5. The behavior of the not consistent? b) Amount of water
participants is observed and is a) Nominal c) Plant growth
critical to the b) Ordinal d) None of the above
analysis of result c) Interval Correct answer: c) Plant
Let’s have a Quiz! d) Ratio growth
1. What type of variable Correct answer: b) 3. In a research study

12
 represents numerical data Ordinal analyzing the impact of
that can be measured or 3. What level of exercise on heart rate,
quantified? measurement involves what is the independent
a) Quantitative variable numerical values with variable?
b) Categorical variable equal intervals between a) Heart rate
c) Qualitative variable consecutive values, but b) Type of exercise
lacks a true zero point? c) Age of participants
d) Continuous variable
a) Nominal d) None of the above
Correct answer: A
b) Ordinal Correct answer: b) Type
2. Which of the following is an c) Interval of exercise
example of a categorical d) Ratio 4. In a survey assessing the
variable? Correct answer: c) relationship between
a) Temperature in degrees Interval income levels and
Celsius 4. Which level of spending habits, what is
b) Height in centimeters measurement possesses the dependent variable?
c) Marital status (Single, all properties of a) Income levels
Married, Divorced) nominal, ordinal, and b) Spending habits
d) Annual income in dollars interval variables, along c) Age of respondents
Correct answer: c) Marital with a meaningful zero d) None of the above
status (Single, Married, point? a) Nominal Correct answer: b)
b) Ordinal Spending habits
Divorced)
c) Interval 5. In an investigation
3. What distinguishes a
d) Ratio examining the influence
quantitative variable from a Correct answer: d) Ratio of temperature on ice
categorical variable? 5. Which of the following cream sales, what is the
a) Quantitative variables variables represents a independent variable?
can only take on discrete ratio level of a) Ice cream sales
values, while categorical measurement? b) Temperature
variables can take on a) Blood type (A, B, AB, c) Type of ice cream
continuous values. O) d) None of the above
b) Quantitative variables b) Likert scale responses Correct answer: b)
are measured on a scale, (Strongly Disagree, Temperature
while categorical variables Disagree, Neutral,
Agree, Strongly Agree)
represent categories or
c) Annual income in
groups.
dollars
c) Quantitative variables are
d) Educational
always expressed as attainment (High School
percentages, while Diploma, Bachelor's
categorical variables are

13
 expressed as whole Degree, Master's
numbers. Degree, PhD)
d) There is no difference Correct answer: c)
between quantitative and Annual income in dollars
categorical variables.
Correct answer: b)
Quantitative variables are
measured on a scale, while
categorical variables
represent categories or
groups.
4. Which of the following
variables is categorical in
nature?
a) Age of respondents in
years
b) Number of children in a
family
c) Blood pressure readings
(systolic and diastolic)
d) Weight of participants in
kilograms Correct answer:
b) Number of children in a
family
5. What type of statistical
analysis is typically used for
quantitative variables?
a) T-test b) Chi-square test
c) Regression analysis
d) Frequency distribution
Correct answer:
c) Regression analysis

J. Additional Activities for

Application or
Remediation

14
 V. REMARKS

Prepared by: Checked by:

SHEEN MAE T. ALABAN CATHERINE A. CREDO
Teacher III TIC-SHS

15