Severe Eczema

Severe Eczema
Audrey,R. Bikwa
Group 24: Semester 4
Disease Summary
Severe eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition

that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by red, itchy, and
inflamed patches of skin that can be extremely uncomfortable and debilitating.
While it can occur at any age, it is most common in children, with up to 20% of
infants and young children affected. The exact cause of severe eczema is
unknown, but it is thought to be a complex interplay of genetic and
environmental factors. Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma, or
hay fever are more likely to develop the condition. Other factors that can
trigger or worsen eczema include stress, certain foods, environmental
allergens, and harsh chemicals.
Treatment for severe eczema typically involves a multifaceted approach,

including topical creams or ointments, oral medications, and lifestyle
modifications. Topical treatments may include corticosteroids, calcineurin
inhibitors, or moisturizers to reduce inflammation and itching. Oral
medications may include antihistamines or immunosuppressants to help
control symptoms. In some cases, phototherapy or biological medications
may be recommended. In addition to medication, lifestyle modifications can
also play a critical role in managing severe eczema. These may include
avoiding triggers that can worsen symptoms, keeping the skin moisturized,
and avoiding scratching. It is also essential to maintain good skin hygiene and
avoid infections, as eczema-prone skin is more susceptible to bacterial and
viral infections.
If left untreated, severe eczema can lead to significant complications,

including skin infections, scarring, and even depression. It is, therefore, crucial
to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop an individualized
treatment plan that addresses both the physical and emotional aspects of
eczema. With proper management, most individuals with severe eczema can
achieve significant symptom relief and improve their overall quality of life.
Home recommendations for guardians of an eczema patient
1. Keep the skin moisturized: Moisturizing the skin is crucial for eczema
patients. Use a fragrance-free moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated and
prevent dryness.
2. Avoid irritants: Avoid using harsh soaps, detergents, and other products
that can irritate the skin. Use mild, fragrance-free products instead.
3. Dress in comfortable clothing: Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing made
of cotton or other soft fabrics to avoid irritating the skin.
4. Keep the home environment clean: Dust mites, pet dander, and other
allergens can trigger eczema flare-ups. Keep the home environment clean
and free of these allergens.
5. Use a humidifier: Dry air can worsen eczema symptoms. Use a humidifier
to add moisture to the air and prevent dryness.
6. Avoid scratching: Scratching can worsen eczema symptoms and lead to
infection. Encourage your loved one to avoid scratching and use anti-itch
creams or cold compresses instead.
7. Consult with a dermatologist: A dermatologist can guide managing eczema
symptoms and recommend appropriate treatments.
There are several medications that can be used to treat severe eczema,
including:
1. Topical corticosteroids: These are the most commonly prescribed
medications for eczema. They work by reducing inflammation and itching.
They come in different strengths and can be applied directly to the affected
area.
2. Topical calcineurin inhibitors: These medications work by suppressing the
immune system and reducing inflammation. They are often used when topical
corticosteroids are not effective or cannot be used.
3. Systemic corticosteroids: These medications are taken orally or injected
and are used for short periods of time to control severe flare-ups of eczema.
4. Immunosuppressants: These medications work by suppressing the immune
system and reducing inflammation. They are often used when other
treatments have failed.
5. Biologic drugs: These medications target specific parts of the immune
system that contribute to eczema. They are usually given by injection or
infusion and are reserved for severe cases of eczema that have not
responded to other treatments.
It is important to note that all medications have potential side effects, so it is
important to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before
starting any treatment.

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Severe Eczema

Group 24: Semester 4

Severe eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition

Treatment for severe eczema typically involves a multifaceted approach,

If left untreated, severe eczema can lead to significant complications,

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