COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER • Ethical Concerns

• Computer – performing wide range of tasks Future of Information Technology

• Central Processing Unit – brain of the computer.
Actual processing of data and instructions
• Random Processing Memory – fast and temporary - It is about adding and adopting to new capabilities that
storage (volatile) do more in faster ways
- Will involve smart robots, biometrics and other
• Read-Only Memory – stores firmware (non-volatile)
technologies that use body measurements and statistical
• Storage Devices – store data persistently
analysis of people’s unique physical and behavioral
• Input Devices – commands into the computer
characteristics.
• Output Devices – display or present the results
- Change the functionality of computers and the way they
• Motherboard – main circuit board
serve the needs and expectations of users in various
• Expansion Cards – add extra functionality sectors like e-commerce, health, education, and
• Power Supply Unit – provide electrical power government.
• Cooling System – generate heat - complex web of systems that store and send information,
and it requires educated professionals who develop and
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
implement it.
• Speed – execute billions of instruction per second
TYPES OF COMPUTER
• Accuracy – without human error or bias
• Versatility – running different software applications Supercomputer
• Storage – vast amounts of data
• Diligence – work tirelessly - Biggest and fastest computers
- Basically used in scientific and engineering applications
• Automation – reducing manual intervention
- Roger Clay (1976)
• Reliability – susceptible to hardware failures
• Consistency – same task executed yields the same CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERCOMPUTER
results
• Multitasking – run multiple applications • Fastest and very expensive
• Connectivity – communicate with other devices • Calculate up to 10 trillion individual calculations per
• Scalability – easily upgraded and expanded second
• User Interaction – offer various user interfaces • Used in stock market or big organizations (online
currency Bitcoin)
• Portability – carry their computing power with them
• Used in scientific research area
• Security Concerns – protect against unauthorized
access Mainframe Computer
• Upgradability – improve performance
• Customizability – suit their specific needs and - Can support hundreds or thousands of users at the same
preferences time
• Environmental Impact – consume energy and - Supports multiple programs simultaneously.
generate heat
CHARACTERISTICS OF MAINFRAME
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
• Expensive and costly computer
• Speed and Efficiency - • High storage capacity and great performance
• Automation • can process a huge amount of data very quickly
• Storage Capacity • runs smoothly for a long time and has a long life
• Data Processing
• Communication Minicomputer
• Global Information Access
• Multitasking
- Medium size multiprocessing computer
• Creativity and Entertainment - Two or more processors
• Education and E-Learning - Supports 4 to 200 users at one time
• Medical Advancements - Similar to Microcontroller
- Billing, accounting, inventory management
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
- Smaller than Mainframe but larger in Microcomputer
• Dependency
CHARACTERISTICS OF MINICOMPUTER
• Health Concerns
• Privacy and Security • Weight is low
• Job Displacement • Easy to carry everywhere
• Environmental Impact • Less expensive than mainframe computer
• Distraction and Addiction • Fast
• Cybercrime
• Digital Divide Workstation Computer
• Loss of Human Interaction
- Technical or scientific applications
- Fast microprocessor Computer Hardware – physical components of a
- Large amount of RAM computer
- High-speed graphic adapter
TYPES OF COMPUTER HARDWARE
- Single user computer
- Perform specific task with great accuracy • Input Devices
- User enter data and information into the computer
CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKSTATION
- Ex: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
• Expensive or high in cost • Output Devices
• Exclusively made for complex work purposes - Used to show result of the task
• Large storage capacity, better graphics, more powerful - Ex: Monitors, Printers, Speakers
CPU • Storage Devices
• Handle animation, data analysis, CAD, editing - Used for storing data
- Also known as Secondary Storage Data
Personal Computer - Ex: CD, DVD, Hard Disk
• Internal Component
- Consists of important hardware devices present in the
- Microcomputer system
- General-purpose computer designed for individual use - Ex: CPU, Motherboard
- Suitable for personal work

CHARACTERISTICS OF PC
Computer Software – collections of instructions,
• Limited number of software can be used procedures, documentation
• Smallest in size
• Designed for personal used TYPES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Easy to use
• System Software
Server Computer - Directly operates with computer hardware
- Takes responsibility for controlling hardware devices
- Ex: Printers, Storage Devices
- Combined data and programs - Types: Operating Systems, Language Processors,
- Electronic data and applications are stored and shared Device Drivers
- Does not solve bigger problems but it solves many • Application Software
smaller similar ones - works the basic operations of the computer
- Wikipedia - Ex: Work Processors, Spreadsheets
- Types: General Purpose Software, Customized
Analog Computer Software

- Designed to process analog data

- Don’t need exact and appropriate values
- Continuous changes in physical quantity
- Gives output as a reading on a dial or scale
- Speedometer, mercury thermometer

Digital Computer

FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEMS

- Can easily perform calculations and logical operations at
high speed • Process Management
- Takes raw data as input and process it - variety of tasks, including creating, scheduling, and
- Only understand binary input (0 & 1) terminating process
- Laptops, Desktops, Smartphones - has enough time on the CPU
• Memory Management
Hybrid Computer - Main/Primary Memory – large array of bytes of words
- allocation and deallocation
- Combination of analog and digital computer • File Management
- carries out the following file management activities
- maintains integrity
Tablet and Smartphones • Device Management
- via its respective drivers
- keeps track of all devices connected to the system
- Pocket friendly and easy to carry is these are handy • Security
- One of the best use of modern technology - uses password protection
• Job Accounting • Single-line Spacing - each line of text is followed by
- keeps track of time and resources another line of text, and there are no blank lines in
• Secondary Storage Management between
- an extension of main memory • Double-line Spacing - each line of text is followed by
• Networking a blank line
- manages communication between computers on a • Margin - amount of blank space
network • Paragraph - any amount of text separated by a hard
• Coordination Between Other Software and Users return
- coordinate and assign interpreters, compilers, • Paste - Adds previously copied or cut text at the
assemblers insertion point
• Print Preview - lets you see how your document will
CHAPTER 3 look on the page before it is printed
• Word Processor - allows you to create, edit and • Wrapping - Text automatically wraps to the next line
produce text documents, such as letters when typing in Microsoft Word. The only time you need
• Microsoft Word to hit the enter key is when you want to start a new
- created by Microsoft paragraph
- first version was released in 1983 as a competitor to
WordStar SHORTCUT KEYS
- word processing component of the Microsoft Office • Ctrl+O - Open a new document
Suite • Ctrl+N - Create a new document
- used primarily to enter, edit, format, save, retrieve and • Ctrl+S - Save the document
print documents • Ctrl+W - Close the document
- one of the many applications that are grouped under • Ctrl+X - Cut the selected content to the clipboard
the “Microsoft Office” umbrella • Ctrl+C - Copy
• Microsoft Office - refers to Microsoft’s entire suite of • Ctrl+V - Paste
office productivity applications
• Ctrl+A - Select All
• Ctrl+B - Bold
MICROSOFT WORD TERMINOLOGY
• Ctrl+I - Italic
• Alignment - position of lines in a paragraph in relation
• Ctrl+U - Underline
to the documents left and right margins
• Ctrl+Left Bracket - Decrease font size by 1 point
• Backspace - deletes data to the left of the insertion
• Ctrl+Right Bracket - Increase font size by 1 point
point
• Ctrl+E - Center
• Bold - higher intensity, used for emphasis and
• Ctrl+L - Align to left
sparingly
• Ctrl+R - Alight to right
• Bullets - special characters or symbols that are used
to set off a paragraph • ESC - Cancel a command
• Centering - placement of a line of text in the center of • Ctrl+Z - Undo
the screen or page • Ctrl+Y - Redo
• Clip Art - pre-designed images • Alt+W,Q, then use the Tab key in the Zoom dialog
• Close - closes the document and offers to save the box to go to the value you want - Adjust the zoom
changes you made to the document without exiting the magnification
program • Ctrl+Alt+S - Split the document window
• Copy - creates a duplicate of highlighted/selected text • Alt+Shift+C or Ctrl+Alt+S - Remove the document
and saves to the clipboard to be pasted elsewhere window split
• Cut - removes highlighted/selected text and saves to • Title Bar - has window controls at the right end, as in
the clipboard to be pasted elsewhere other Windows programs (default file name of
• Default - software manufacturer's preset option for a Document 1)
particular command or function • Quick Access Toolbar
• Font - style of typeface - located all the way to the left on the title bar
- contains frequently used commands and can be
• Font Formatting - changes the appearance of the text
customized using the drop-down menu
• Format Painter - copy the formatting of one word or
• Ribbon - contains all of the tools that you use to
paragraph and apply it to another word or paragraph
interact with your Microsoft Word file
• Hard Return - “hidden” command
• Active Tab - white background and blue letters
• I-beam Mouse Pointer - place the insertion point in a
• Inactive Tabs - blue background and white letters
document
• Contextual Tab - contain additional options for
• Indentation - amount of space measured from the
modifying object
page margin
• Groups and Buttons
• Insertion Point - point at which the cursor is blinking
- buttons are organized into groups
on the document screen
- groups have names, but not clickable
• Italics - slightly tilted to the right
• Buttons with Arrows
• Line Spacing - number of lines used by each line of
- One-part arrowed button (menu button) - will darken
text
completely when you point to it
 - Two-part arrowed button (split button) - only one BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MS WORD
section at a time will darken when you point to it • File
- Button Proper (left) - carry out the default option • Home
or the last used option • Insert
- List arrow (right) - will open an options menu • Design
• File Tab - provides a Backstage view of your • Layout
document
• Backstage View - exposes information and metadata
• Workspace - underneath the ribbon is the workspace
• Status Bar - the Status bar is located below the
document window area
• Current Information - the left end displays a variety of
information about the document
• Views - at the right end are shortcuts to the different
views that are available
• Read Mode - displays the document full screen,
cannot edit
• Print Layout - shows what the document looks like
when its printed, selected by default
• Web Layout - shows what document would look like if
it were saved as a webpage
• Zoom Slider - allows you to adjust how large the
document is displayed on the screen
• Insertion Point
- sometimes referred to as the cursor
- blinking line