Deploying application on AWS 2021-22

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Amazon Web Services (AWS), a subsidiary of Amazon.com, has invested billions of dollars in IT
resources distributed across the globe. These resources are shared among all the AWS account holders
across the globe. These accounts themselves are entirely isolated from each other. AWS provides
on-demand IT resources to its account holders on a pay-as-you-go pricing model with no upfront cost.
Enterprises use AWS to reduce capital expenditure of building their own private IT infrastructure
(which can be expensive depending upon the enterprise’s size and nature). All the maintenance cost is
also borne by the AWS that saves a fortune for the enterprises.

AWS Global Infrastructure

The AWS global infrastructure is massive and is divided into geographical regions. The geographical
regions are then divided into separate availability zones. While selecting the geographical regions for
AWS, three factors come into play

- Optimizing Latency
- Reducing cost
- Government regulations (Some services are not available for some regions)

Each region is divided into at least two availability zones that are physically isolated from each other,
which provides business continuity for the infrastructure as in a distributed system. If one zone fails to
function, the infrastructure in other availability zones remains operational. The largest region North
Virginia (US-East), has six availability zones. These availability zones are connected by high-speed
fiber-optic networking.

There are over 100 edge locations distributed all over the globe that are used for the CloudFront
content delivery network. Cloudfront can cache frequently used content such as images and videos at
edge locations and distribute it to edge locations across the globe for high-speed delivery for
end-users. It also protects from DDOS attacks.

AWS Management Console

The AWS management console is a web-based interface to access AWS. It requires an AWS account
and also has a smartphone application for the same purpose. Cost monitoring is also done through the
console.

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AWS resources can also be accessed through various Software Development Kits (SDKs), which
allows the developers to create applications using AWS as its backend. There are SDKs for all the
major languages(e.g., JavaScript, Python, Node.js, .Net, PHP, Ruby, Go, C++). There are mobile
SDKs for Android, iOS, React Native, Unity, and Xamarin. AWS can also be accessed by making
HTTP calls using the AWS-API. AWS also provides a Command Line Interface (CLI) for remotely
accessing the AWS and can implement scripts to automate many processes.

AWS Cloud Computing Models

There are three cloud computing models available on AWS.

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): It is the basic building block of cloud IT. It generally
provides access to data storage space, networking features, and computer hardware(virtual or
dedicated hardware). It is highly flexible and gives management controls over the IT resources
to the developer. For example, VPC, EC2, EBS.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): This is a type of service where AWS manages the underlying
infrastructure (usually operating system and hardware). This helps the developer to be more
efficient as they do not have to worry about undifferentiated heavy lifting required for running
the applications such as capacity planning, software maintenance, resource procurement,
patching, etc., and focus more on deployment and management of the applications. For
example, RDS, EMR, ElasticSearch
3. Software as a Service(SaaS): It is a complete product that usually runs on a browser. It
primarily refers to end-user applications. It is run and managed by the service provider. The
end-user only has to worry about the application of the software suitable to its needs. For
example, Saleforce.com, Web-based email, Office 365

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Chapter 2
Motivation
In 2006, Amazon Web Services (AWS) began offering IT infrastructure services to businesses in the
form of web services -- now commonly known as cloud computing. One of the key benefits of cloud
computing is the opportunity to replace up-front capital infrastructure expenses with low variable
costs that scale with your business. With the Cloud, businesses no longer need to plan for and procure
servers and other IT infrastructure weeks or months in advance. Instead, they can instantly spin up
hundreds or thousands of servers in minutes and deliver results faster.

Today, Amazon Web Services provides a highly reliable, scalable, low-cost infrastructure platform in
the cloud that powers hundreds of thousands of businesses in 190 countries around the world. With
data center locations in the U.S., Europe, Brazil, Singapore, Japan, and Australia, customers across all
industries are taking advantage of the following benefits:

Low Cost

AWS offers low, pay-as-you-go pricing with no up-front expenses or long-term commitments. We are
able to build and manage a global infrastructure at scale, and pass the cost saving benefits onto you in
the form of lower prices. With the efficiencies of our scale and expertise, we have been able to lower
our prices on 15 different occasions over the past four years. Visit the Economics Center to learn
more.

Agility and Instant Elasticity

AWS provides a massive global cloud infrastructure that allows you to quickly innovate, experiment
and iterate. Instead of waiting weeks or months for hardware, you can instantly deploy new
applications, instantly scale up as your workload grows, and instantly scale down based on demand.
Whether you need one virtual server or thousands, whether you need them for a few hours or 24/7,
you still only pay for what you use. Visit the Architecture Center to learn more.

Open and Flexible

AWS is a language and operating system agnostic platform. You choose the development platform or
programming model that makes the most sense for your business. You can choose which services you
use, one or several, and choose how you use them. This flexibility allows you to focus on innovation,
not infrastructure. Download the AWS Overview Whitepaper.

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Secure

AWS is a secure, durable technology platform with industry-recognized certifications and audits: PCI
DSS Level 1, ISO 27001, FISMA Moderate, FedRAMP, HIPAA, and SOC 1 (formerly referred to as
SAS 70 and/or SSAE 16) and SOC 2 audit reports. Our services and data centers have multiple layers
of operational and physical security to ensure the integrity and safety of your data. Visit the Security
Center to learn more.

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Chapter 3

Cloud Computing

3.1 What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and
other IT resources through a cloud services platform via the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.
Whether you are running applications that share photos to millions of mobile users or you’re
supporting the critical operations of your business, a cloud services platform provides rapid access to
flexible and low-cost IT resources. With cloud computing, you don’t need to make large upfront
investments in hardware and spend a lot of time on the heavy lifting of managing that hardware.
Instead, you can provision exactly the right type and size of computing resources you need to power
your newest bright idea or operate your IT department. You can access as many resources as you
need, almost instantly, and only pay for what you use.

Cloud computing provides a simple way to access servers, storage, databases and a broad set of
application services over the Internet. A cloud services platform such as Amazon Web Services owns
and maintains the network-connected hardware required for these application services, while you
provision and use what you need via a web application.

3.2 Advantages of Cloud Computing

1. Trade fixed expense for variable expense – Instead of having to invest heavily in data
centers and servers before you know how you’re going to use them, you can pay only when
you consume computing resources, and pay only for how much you consume.

2. Benefit from massive economies of scale – By using cloud computing, you can achieve a
lower variable cost than you can get on your own. Because usage from hundreds of
thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve

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higher economies of scale, which translates into lower pay as-you-go prices.

3. Stop guessing capacity – Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs. When
you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often end up either
sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity. With cloud computing,
these problems go away. You can access as much or as little capacity as you need, and scale
up and down as required with only a few minutes’ notice.

4. Increase speed and agility – In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources are only
a click away, which means that you reduce the time to make those resources available to
your developers from weeks to just minutes. This results in a dramatic increase in agility for
the organization, since the cost and time it takes to experiment and develop is significantly
lower.

5. Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers – Focus on projects that
differentiate your business, not the infrastructure. Cloud computing lets you focus on your
own customers, rather than on the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers.

6. Go global in minutes – Easily deploy your application in multiple regions around the world
with just a few clicks. This means you can provide lower latency and a better experience for
your customers at minimal cost.

3.3 Types of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing provides developers and IT departments with the ability to focus on what matters
most and avoid undifferentiated work such as procurement, maintenance, and capacity planning. As
cloud computing has grown in popularity, several different models and deployment strategies have
emerged to help meet specific needs of different users. Each type of cloud service and deployment
method provides you with different levels of control, flexibility, and management. Understanding the

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differences between Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service, as

well as what deployment strategies you can use, can help you decide what set of services is right for
your needs.

Cloud Computing Models

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically
provides access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data
storage space. IaaS provides you with the highest level of flexibility and management control over
your IT resources and is most similar to existing IT resources that many IT departments and
developers are familiar with today.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS) removes the need for your organization to manage the underlying
infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and allows you to focus on the deployment
and management of your applications. This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry
about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other
undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS) provides you with a completed product that is run and managed by the
service provider. In most cases, people referring to Software as a Service are referring to end-user
applications. With a SaaS offering you do not have to think about how the service is maintained or
how the underlying infrastructure is managed; you only need to think about how you will use that
particular piece of software. A common example of a SaaS application is web-based email which you
can use to send and receive email without having to manage feature additions to the email product or
maintain the servers and operating systems that the email program is running on.

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Cloud Computing Deployment Models

Cloud
A cloud-based application is fully deployed in the cloud and all parts of the application run in the
cloud. Applications in the cloud have either been created in the cloud or have been migrated from an
existing infrastructure to take advantage of the benefits of cloud computing. Cloud-based
applications can be built on low-level infrastructure pieces or can use higher level services that
provide abstraction from the management, architecting, and scaling requirements of core
infrastructure.

Hybrid
A hybrid deployment is a way to connect infrastructure and applications between cloud-based
resources and existing resources that are not located in the cloud. The most common method of
hybrid deployment is between the cloud and existing on-premises infrastructure to extend, and grow,
an organization's infrastructure into the cloud while connecting cloud resources to the internal
system. For more information on how AWS can help you with your hybrid deployment, visit our
Hybrid Cloud with AWS page.

On-premises
The deployment of resources on-premises, using virtualization and resource management tools, is
sometimes called the “private cloud.” On-premises deployment doesn’t provide many of the benefits
of cloud computing but is sometimes sought for its ability to provide dedicated resources. In most
cases this deployment model is the same as legacy IT infrastructure while using application
management and virtualization technologies to try and increase resource utilization. For more
information on how AWS can help, see Use case: Cloud services on-premises.

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Chapter 4
Amazon Web Services Cloud

AWS consists of many cloud services that you can use in combinations tailored to your business or
organizational needs. This section introduces the major AWS services by category. To access the
services, you can use the AWS Management Console, the AWS CLI, or Software Development Kits
(SDKs).

AWS Management Console

Access and manage Amazon Web Services through the AWS Management Console, a simple and
intuitive user interface. You can also use the AWS Console Mobile Application to quickly view
resources on the go.

AWS Command Line Interface

The AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a unified tool to manage your AWS services. With just
one tool to download and configure, you can control multiple AWS services from the command line
and automate them through scripts.

Software Development Kits

Our Software Development Kits (SDKs) simplify using AWS services in your applications with an
Application Program Interface (API) tailored to your programming language or platform.

Analytics
AWS offers a bunch of services for analytics such as:
● Amazon Athena
● Amazon CloudSearch
● Amazon EMR
● Amazon FinSpace
● Amazon Kinesis
● Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
● Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics
● Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
● Amazon Kinesis Video Streams
● Amazon OpenSearch Service
● Amazon Redshift
● Amazon QuickSight
● AWS Data Exchange
● AWS Data Pipeline

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● AWS Glue
● AWS Lake Formation
● Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK)

Application Integration
AWS offers a bunch of services for application integration such as:
● AWS Step Functions
● Amazon AppFlow
● Amazon EventBridge
● Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA)
● Amazon MQ
● Amazon Simple Notification Service
● Amazon Simple Queue Service
● Amazon Simple Workflow Service

Cloud Financial Management

AWS offers a bunch of services for Cloud Financial Management such as:
● AWS Application Cost Profiler
● AWS Cost Explorer
● AWS Budgets
● AWS Cost & Usage Report
● Reserved Instance (RI) Reporting
● Savings Plans

Compute Services
AWS offers a bunch of compute services such as:
● Amazon EC2
● Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
● Amazon EC2 Image Builder
● Amazon Lightsail
● AWS App Runner
● AWS Batch
● AWS Elastic Beanstalk
● AWS Fargate
● AWS Lambda
● AWS Serverless Application Repository
● AWS Outposts
● AWS Wavelength
● VMware Cloud on AWS

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Containers
AWS offers a bunch of container services such as:
● Amazon Elastic Container Registry
● Amazon Elastic Container Service
● Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
● AWS App2Container
● Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS

Database
● Amazon Aurora
● Amazon DynamoDB
● Amazon ElastiCache
● Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra)
● Amazon MemoryDB for Redis
● Amazon Neptune
● Amazon Relational Database Service
● Amazon RDS on VMware
● Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB)
● Amazon Timestream
● Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)

Other notable services include:

● Developer Tools
● End User Computing
● Front-End Web & Mobile Services
● Game Tech
● Internet of Things (IoT)
● Machine Learning
● Management and Governance
● Media Services
● Migration and Transfer
● Networking and Content Delivery
● Quantum Technologies
● Robotics
● Satellite
● Security, Identity, and Compliance
● Storage

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Chapter 5

Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable
compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.

The simple web interface of Amazon EC2 allows you to obtain and configure capacity with minimal
friction. It provides you with complete control of your computing resources and lets you run on
Amazon’s proven computing environment. Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and
boot new server instances (called Amazon EC2 instances) to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale
capacity, both up and down, as your computing requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the
economics of computing by allowing you to pay only for capacity that you actually use. Amazon
EC2 provides developers and system administrators the tools to build failure resilient applications
and isolate themselves from common failure scenarios.

5.1 Instance Types

Amazon EC2 passes on to you the financial benefits of Amazon’s scale. You pay a very low rate for
the compute capacity you actually consume. See Amazon EC2 Instance Purchasing Options for a
more detailed description.

On-Demand Instances: With On-Demand instances, you pay for compute capacity by the hour or
the second depending on which instances you run. No longer-term commitments or upfront payments
are needed. You can increase or decrease your compute capacity depending on the demands of your
application and only pay the specified hourly rates for the instance you use. On-Demand instances
are recommended for:

● Users that prefer the low cost and flexibility of Amazon EC2 without any up-front payment
or long-term commitment

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● Applications with short-term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted

● Applications being developed or tested on Amazon EC2 for the first time

Spot Instances: Spot Instances are available at up to a 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices
and let you take advantage of unused Amazon EC2 capacity in the AWS Cloud. You can significantly
reduce the cost of running your applications, grow your application’s compute capacity and
throughput for the same budget, and enable new types of cloud computing applications. Spot
instances are recommended for:

● Applications that have flexible start and end times

● Applications that are only feasible at very low compute prices
● Users with urgent computing needs for large amounts of additional capacity

Reserved Instances: Reserved Instances provide you with a significant discount (up to 72%)
compared to On-Demand instance pricing. You have the flexibility to change families, operating
system types, and tenancies while benefitting from Reserved Instance pricing when you use
Convertible Reserved Instances.

Savings Plans: Savings Plans are a flexible pricing model that offer low prices on EC2 and Fargate
usage, in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of usage (measured in $/hour) for a 1 or
3 year term.

Dedicated Hosts: A Dedicated Host is a physical EC2 server dedicated for your use. Dedicated Hosts
can help you reduce costs by allowing you to use your existing server-bound software licenses,
including Windows Server, SQL Server, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (subject to your license
terms), and can also help you meet compliance requirements.

5.2 Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

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Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps you maintain application availability and allows you to
automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to conditions you define. You can use the fleet
management features of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to maintain the health and availability of your
fleet. You can also use the dynamic and predictive scaling features of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to
add or remove EC2 instances. Dynamic scaling responds to changing demand and predictive scaling
automatically schedules the right number of EC2 instances based on predicted demand. Dynamic
scaling and predictive scaling can be used together to scale faster.

5.3 Amazon EC2 Image Builder

EC2 Image Builder simplifies the building, testing, and deployment of Virtual Machine and container
images for use on AWS or on-premises.

Keeping Virtual Machine and container images up-to-date can be time consuming, resource intensive,
and error-prone. Currently, customers either manually update and snapshot VMs or have teams that
build automation scripts to maintain images.

Image Builder significantly reduces the effort of keeping images up-to-date and secure by providing a
simple graphical interface, built-in automation, and AWS-provided security settings. With Image
Builder, there are no manual steps for updating an image nor do you have to build your own
automation pipeline.

Image Builder is offered at no cost, other than the cost of the underlying AWS resources used to
create, store, and share the images.

5.3 AWS Elastic Beanstalk

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is an easy-to-use service for deploying and scaling web applications and
services developed with Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker on familiar servers

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such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and Internet Information Services (IIS).

You can simply upload your code, and AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment,
from capacity provisioning, load balancing, and auto scaling to application health monitoring. At the
same time, you retain full control over the AWS resources powering your application and can access
the underlying resources at any time.

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Chapter 6
Container Services

6.1 What are containers?

A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the
application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. A Docker container
image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to
run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and settings.

Container images become containers at runtime and in the case of Docker containers – images become
containers when they run on Docker Engine. Available for both Linux and Windows-based applications,
containerized software will always run the same, regardless of the infrastructure. Containers isolate
software from its environment and ensure that it works uniformly despite differences for instance
between development and staging.

Docker containers that run on Docker Engine:

Standard: Docker created the industry standard for containers, so they could be portable anywhere
Lightweight: Containers share the machine’s OS system kernel and therefore do not require an OS per
application, driving higher server efficiencies and reducing server and licensing costs
Secure: Applications are safer in containers and Docker provides the strongest default isolation
capabilities in the industry

Docker container technology was launched in 2013 as an open source Docker Engine.

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It leveraged existing computing concepts around containers and specifically in the Linux world,
primitives known as cgroups and namespaces. Docker’s technology is unique because it focuses on the
requirements of developers and systems operators to separate application dependencies from
infrastructure.

Success in the Linux world drove a partnership with Microsoft that brought Docker containers and its
functionality to Windows Server.

Technology available from Docker and its open source project, Moby has been leveraged by all major
data center vendors and cloud providers. Many of these providers are leveraging Docker for their
container-native IaaS offerings. Additionally, the leading open source serverless frameworks utilize
Docker container technology.

6.2 Containers vs Virtual Machines?

CONTAINERS
Containers are an abstraction at the app layer that packages code and dependencies together. Multiple
containers can run on the same machine and share the OS kernel with other containers, each running as
isolated processes in user space. Containers take up less space than VMs (container images are typically
tens of MBs in size), can handle more applications and require fewer VMs and Operating systems.

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VIRTUAL MACHINES
Virtual machines (VMs) are an abstraction of physical hardware turning one server into many servers.
The hypervisor allows multiple VMs to run on a single machine. Each VM includes a full copy of an
operating system, the application, necessary binaries and libraries – taking up tens of GBs. VMs can
also be slow to boot.

6.3 Amazon Elastic Container Registry

Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) is a fully-managed Docker container registry that makes it
easy for developers to store, manage, and deploy Docker container images. Amazon ECR is integrated
with Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), simplifying your development to production
workflow. Amazon ECR eliminates the need to operate your own container repositories or worry about
scaling the underlying infrastructure. Amazon ECR hosts your images in a highly available and scalable
architecture, allowing you to reliably deploy containers for your applications. Integration with AWS
Identity and Access Management (IAM) provides resource-level control of each repository. With
Amazon ECR, there are no upfront fees or commitments. You pay only for the amount of data you store
in your repositories and data transferred to the Internet.

6.4 Amazon Elastic Container Service

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Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a highly scalable, high-performance container
orchestration service that supports Docker containers and allows you to easily run and scale
containerized applications on AWS. Amazon ECS eliminates the need for you to install and operate
your own container orchestration software, manage and scale a cluster of virtual machines, or schedule
containers on those virtual machines.

With simple API calls, you can launch and stop Docker-enabled applications, query the complete state
of your application, and access many familiar features such as IAM roles, security groups, load
balancers, Amazon CloudWatch Events, AWS CloudFormation templates, and AWS CloudTrail logs.

6.5 Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) makes it easy to deploy, manage, and scale
containerized applications using Kubernetes on AWS.

Amazon EKS runs the Kubernetes management infrastructure for you across multiple AWS availability
zones to eliminate a single point of failure. Amazon EKS is certified Kubernetes conformant so you can
use existing tooling and plugins from partners and the Kubernetes community. Applications running on
any standard Kubernetes environment are fully compatible and can be easily migrated to Amazon EKS.

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Conclusions
Amazon Web Services (AWS), the cloud platform offered by Amazon.com Inc (AMZN), has become
a giant component of the e-commerce giant's business portfolio. In the second quarter of 2021, AWS
brought in a record $14.8 billion in net sales, accounting for just over 13% of Amazon's total net
sales. Having grown steadily in the 30% range the past few quarters, AWS is a frontrunner to other
cloud computing platforms such as competitor Microsoft Azure.

So what is AWS and why is it so lucrative and successful for Amazon?

KEY TAKEAWAYS
● As the lead cloud computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the primary profit
driver for Amazon.
● AWS provides servers, storage, networking, remote computing, email, mobile development,
and security.
● AWS accounts for about 13% of Amazon's total revenue as of Q2 2021.
● Amazon controls more than a third of the cloud market, almost twice its next closest
competitor.

Arguably, Amazon Web Services is much more secure than a company hosting its own website or
storage. AWS currently has dozens of data centers across the globe that are continuously monitored
and strictly maintained. The diversification of the data centers ensures that a disaster striking one
region doesn’t cause permanent data loss worldwide. Imagine if Netflix were to have all of its
personnel files, content, and backed-up data centralized on-site on the eve of a hurricane. Chaos
would ensue.

In fact, localizing data in an easily identifiable location and where hundreds of people can realistically
obtain access is unwise. AWS has tried to keep its data centers as hidden as possible, locating them in
out-of-the-way locations and allowing access only on an essential basis.

The data centers and all the data contained therein are safe from intrusions, and, with Amazon’s
experience in cloud services, outages and potential attacks can be quickly identified and easily
remedied, 24 hours a day. The same can’t be said for a small company whose computing is handled
by a single IT specialist working out of a large office.

While the success of AWS is unquestionable, critics of the service say Amazon is abusing its control
of the market share by engaging in anticompetitive behavior. This criticism has come from
open-source database makers who claim Amazon is copying and integrating software that was
originally created by other tech companies.

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One such company, Elastic, filed a lawsuit against Amazon for allegedly violating trademark laws. A
statement released by the company claims "Amazon’s behavior is inconsistent with the norms and
values that are especially important in the open-source ecosystem." As of August 2021, the results of
this lawsuit are pending.

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References
[1] What Is Amazon Web Services and Why Is It So Successful?.
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011316/what-amazon-web-services-and-why-it
-so-successful.asp
[2] The Industry-Leading Container Runtime.
https://www.docker.com/products/container-runtime/
[3] Docker Containers.
https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container/
[4] AWS White paper
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-overview/introduction.html
[5] AWS Compute Services.
https://digitalcloud.training/aws-compute-services/
[6] About AWS. https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/
[7] Introduction to Amazon Web Services.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-amazon-web-services/
[8] What are the Important AWS Cloud Services?
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-the-important-aws-cloud-services
[9] Motivation for cloud migration and modernization.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/migration-modernization-strategy-for-ies/
motivation-for-cloud-migration-and-modernization.html

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