Security Level Checked by Approved by Effective Date

Top Secret □ Secret □ Unclassified ▉ Connie ZHOU Alvin CHEN 2022-06-28

LC76G&LC76F&L76-L&L76-
LB Data Comparison Report
GNSS Module Series

Rev. LC76G&LC76F&L76-L&L76-LB_Data_Comparison_Report_V1.0

Date: 2022-06-28
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LC76G&LC76F&L76-L&L76-LB Data Comparison Report

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About the Document

History

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Revision Date Description

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1.0 2022-06-28 Initial

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Contents

About the Document ................................................................................................................................... 3

Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Table Index ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure Index ................................................................................................................................................. 6
1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Dynamic Performance Test ................................................................................................................ 8
2.1. Test Environments ................................................................................................................... 8
2.2. Test Scenarios ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.3. Test Results ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1. Overall Scenario ............................................................................................................. 11

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2.3.2. Open Sky........................................................................................................................ 12

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2.3.3. Half Open Sky ................................................................................................................ 13

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2.3.4. Under the Elevated ........................................................................................................ 14

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2.3.5. Urban Canyon ................................................................................................................ 16

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2.3.6. Tunnel............................................................................................................................. 17
3 Static Test Performance .................................................................................................................... 19

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3.1. Test Environments ................................................................................................................. 19
3.2. Default GNSS Constellation .................................................................................................. 20

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3.3. Test Results ........................................................................................................................... 20

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3.3.1. Test Results (Open Sky) ................................................................................................ 20
4 TTFF Test Performance ..................................................................................................................... 23
4.1. Test Items .............................................................................................................................. 23
4.2. Test Methods ......................................................................................................................... 23
4.3. Test Results ........................................................................................................................... 23

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5 Sensitivity Test Performance ........................................................................................................... 26
5.1. Test Items .............................................................................................................................. 26

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5.2. Test Methods ......................................................................................................................... 26
5.2.1. Test Acquisition Sensitivity ............................................................................................. 26
5.2.2. Test Tracking Sensitivity ................................................................................................. 26
5.2.3. Test Reacquisition Sensitivity ......................................................................................... 27
5.3. Test Results ........................................................................................................................... 27
6 Power Consumption Test.................................................................................................................. 28
6.1. Test Items .............................................................................................................................. 28
6.2. Test Methods ......................................................................................................................... 28
6.3. Test Results ........................................................................................................................... 28
7 Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 29
8 Appendix References ........................................................................................................................ 30

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Table Index

Table 1: Field data (Open Sky) .......................................................................................................................... 12

Table 2: Field data (Half Open Sky) ................................................................................................................... 13
Table 3: Field data (Under the Elevated) ........................................................................................................... 14
Table 4: Field data (Urban Canyon) ................................................................................................................... 16
Table 5: Field data (Tunnel) ............................................................................................................................... 17
Table 6: Default GNSS Constellation ................................................................................................................. 20
Table 7: Static data (Open Sky) ......................................................................................................................... 20
Table 8: EASY TTFF Test Results ..................................................................................................................... 23
Table 9: EPO TTFF Test Results ....................................................................................................................... 25
Table 10: Sensitivity Test Results ...................................................................................................................... 27

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Table 11: Power Consumption Test Results ...................................................................................................... 28

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Table 12: Terms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 30

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Figure Index

Figure 1: Environment Flow Chart ....................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 2: Antenna Position .................................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 3: Device Installation ................................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 4: Test Roadmap .................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 5: Overall Scenario .................................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 6: Open Sky ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 7: Half Open Sky .................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 8: Under the Elevated-1 ......................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 9: Under the Elevated-2 ......................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 10: Urban Canyon .................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 11: Tunnel ............................................................................................................................................... 18

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Figure 12: Open Sky Antenna Position.............................................................................................................. 19

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Figure 13: Open Sky Static Horizontal CEP50 (m) ............................................................................................ 21

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Figure 14: Open Sky Static Horizontal CEP68 (m) ............................................................................................ 21

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Figure 15: Open Sky Static Horizontal CEP95 (m) ............................................................................................ 22

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Figure 16: EASY disabled TTFF Test Result ..................................................................................................... 24

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Figure 17: EASY enabled TTFF Test Result ..................................................................................................... 24
Figure 18: EPO TTFF Test Results .................................................................................................................... 25

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1 Introduction
This document introduces the comparison of LC76G with LC76F, L76-L and L76-LB. The comparison
includes Field test, Open static test, Sensitivity, TTFF and Power consumption.

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2 Dynamic Performance Test

2.1. Test Environments

⚫ Test modules
2 LC76G EVB;

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2 LC76F EVB;

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2 L76-L EVB;

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2 L76-LB EVB;

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⚫ Reference system
The truth position we use is through the device pos320, which performs forward filtering and reverse

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filtering after fusion with RTK and high-precision sensors. The typical error can reach 2cm, and the

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post-processing data can be used as the true value reference.

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⚫ Test setup
The active antenna is installed on the car roof, all modules connected to the active antenna through
the power splitters.

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Figure 1: Environment Flow Chart

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POS320 Antenna

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Active Antenna

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Figure 2: Antenna Position

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LC76G & LC76F & L76-L & L76-LB EVB

Figure 3: Device Installation

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2.2. Test Scenarios

Trajectory performance description

The roadmap(scenarios) for the test is shown in the figure below, including the following scenarios:
Open sky, High-rise buildings, Under the elevated, Urban canyon and Tunnel.

Urban Canyon
Open sky High-rise buildings

Under the elevated

Urban Canyon

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End High-rise buildings

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Start

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Tunnel

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Open sky

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2.3. Test Results

2.3.1. Overall Scenario

Trajectory performance description

From below picture can be seen, the trajectory of LC76G, LC76F, L76-L and L76-LB no obviously drift.
The sample size of the scene is 6120 coordinates.

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A: LC76G-1#: Red-1

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B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1

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D: LC76F-2#: Green-2
E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1

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F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2
G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1
H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2
POS320: Yellow Circle

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Figure 5: Overall Scenario

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2.3.2. Open Sky

Trajectory performance description

⚫ Each module has no drift phenomenon. The positioning accuracy of LC76G is much better than
other modules.
⚫ The sample size of the scene is 1690 coordinates.

Table 1: Field data (Open Sky)

Test Item Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

Test Moudle CEP50 (m) CEP68 (m) CEP95 (m) CEP100 (m)

LC76G-1# 1.1 1.9 2.7 3

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LC76G-2# 1.3 1.6 2.1 3

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LC76F-1# 2.3 2.8 5.0 5

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LC76F-2# 2.5 3.1 5.0 5

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L76-L-1# 2.1 2.4 3.1 4

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L76-L-2# 2.5 3.9 4.5 6

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L76-LB-1# 2.5 2.8 4.1 5

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L76-LB-2# 2.4 2.6 3.5 5

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A: LC76G-1#: Red-1
B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1
D: LC76F-2#: Green-2
E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1
F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2
G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1
H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2
POS320: Yellow Circle

Figure 6: Open Sky

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2.3.3. Half Open Sky

Trajectory performance description

⚫ The scene consists of half of tall buildings, low story buildings, and under trees.
⚫ The overall positioning accuracy of LC76G is better than that of LC76F, L76-L and L76-LB. The
trajectory of LC76G is more stable.
⚫ The sample size of the scene is 2050 coordinates.

Table 2: Field data (Half Open Sky)

Test Item Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

Test Moudle CEP50 (m) CEP68 (m) CEP95 (m) CEP100 (m)

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LC76G-1# 2.3 2.9 4.8 9

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LC76G-2# 2.0 2.5 3.9 9

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LC76F-1# 2.8 3.7 7.5 14

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LC76F-2# 3.1 3.9 8.3 19

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L76-L-1# 3.2 4.0 6.5 14

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L76-L-2# 3.4 4.3 7.7 15

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L76-LB-1# 3.6 4.4 8.0 12

L76-LB-2# 3.6 4.6 10.7 18

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A: LC76G-1#: Red-1
B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1
D: LC76F-2#: Green-2
E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1
F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2
G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1
H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2
POS320: Yellow Circle

Figure 7: Half Open Sky

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2.3.4. Under the Elevated

Trajectory performance description

⚫ Many tall buildings on both sides of the elevated highway, average CN0 is about 20db.
⚫ From below picture can be seen, all modules have obviously drift. The drift of LC76G is smaller
than that of LC76F, L76-L and L76LB.
⚫ The sample size of the scene is 1482 coordinates.

Table 3: Field data (Under the Elevated)

Test Item Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

Test Moudle CEP50 (m) CEP68 (m) CEP95 (m) CEP100 (m)

l l
LC76G-1# 21.2 34.7 58.1 110

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LC76G-2# 19.6 28. 6 60.9 121

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LC76F-1# 22.8 41.9 99.1 205

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LC76F-2# 23.1 44.5 79.8 212

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L76-L-1# 19.8 44.3 74.2 185

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L76-L-2# 20.3 38.6 77.1 158

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L76-LB-1# 20.5 37.2 63.4 165

L76-LB-2# 22.1 44.9 80.9 228

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A: LC76G-1#: Red-1
B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1
D: LC76F-2#: Green-2
E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1
F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2
G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1
H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2
POS320: Yellow Circle

Figure 8: Under the Elevated-1

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A: LC76G-1#: Red-1
B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1
D: LC76F-2#: Green-2

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E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1

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F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2

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G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1

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H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2

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POS320: Yellow Circle

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Figure 9: Under the Elevated-2

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2.3.5. Urban Canyon

Trajectory performance description

⚫ The performance of LC76G is much better than that of LC76F, L76-L and L76-LB.
⚫ In the urban canyon, the drift of LC76G is not as large as other modules, and the trajectory is more
stable.
⚫ The sample size of the scene is 868 coordinates.

Table 4: Field data (Urban Canyon)

Test Item Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

Test Moudle CEP50 (m) CEP68 (m) CEP95 (m) CEP100 (m)

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LC76G-1# 3.2 4.0 6.6 16

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LC76G-2# 3.2 4.1 7.0 14

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LC76F-1# 5.0 6.7 21.7 28

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LC76F-2# 5.0 6.3 20.9 32

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L76-L-1# 7.7 9.0 20.6 23

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L76-L-2# 6.4 7.5 42.5 51

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L76-LB-1# 8.4 9.5 21.7 27

L76-LB-2# 7.7 8.6 20.1 24

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A: LC76G-1#: Red-1
B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1
D: LC76F-2#: Green-2
E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1
F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2
G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1
H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2
POS320: Yellow Circle

Figure 10: Urban Canyon

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2.3.6. Tunnel

Trajectory performance description

⚫ The tunnel length is 1km. It takes one minute to cross the tunnel.
⚫ All modules lose lock very soon after entering the tunnel, but LC76G finally loses lock.
⚫ After exiting from the tunnel, all modules are able to quickly locate.
⚫ In general, all modules show almost the same GNSS trajectories.
⚫ The sample size of the scene is 30 coordinates.

Table 5: Field data (Tunnel)

Test Item Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

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Test Moudle CEP50 (m) CEP68 (m) CEP95 (m) CEP100 (m)

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LC76G-1# 1.0 2.2 6.8 9

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LC76G-2# 1.5 2.7 6.5 8

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LC76F-1# 2.8 5.2 8.1 14

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LC76F-2# 2.1 6.1 7.9 11

L76-L-1# 3.1 3.4 7.4 13

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L76-L-2# 4.0 5.3 8.6 9

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L76-LB-1# 3.0 3.6 6.6 7

L76-LB-2# 3.3 4.7 9.3 10

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Exit

A: LC76G-1#: Red-1
B: LC76G-2#: Red-2
C: LC76F-1#: Green-1

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D: LC76F-2#: Green-2

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E: L76-L-1#: Blue-1

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F: L76-L -2#: Blue -2

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G: L76-LB-1#: Purple -1

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H: L76-LB-2#: Purple -2
POS320: Yellow Circle Entrance

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Figure 11: Tunnel

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3 Static Test Performance

3.1. Test Environments

⚫ The test environment is on the top of the 23th floor, and there are no higher buildings around.
⚫ Unify signal source through using antennas and power splitters to connect all device to be tested
under open sky conditions respectively.

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Active Antenna on the roof

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C o Figure 12: Open Sky Antenna Position

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3.2. Default GNSS Constellation

Table 6: Default GNSS Constellation

Test Moudle
LC76G LC76F L76-L L76 -LB L76 -LB_GLN
Constellation
GPS ● ● ● ● ●

GLONASS ● ● ● - ●

Galileo ● - - - -

BDS ● - - ● -

QZSS ● ● ● ● ●

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3.3. Test Results

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3.3.1. Test Results (Open Sky)

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Trajectory performance description
⚫

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The positioning accuracy of LC76G is better than LC76F, L76-L and L76-LB.
⚫ The test results of LC76G are consistent.

Table 7: Static data (Open Sky)

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Test Item Average parsed Average Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
Test Moudle satellites C/No (db) CEP50 (m) CEP68 (m) CEP95 (m)

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LC76G-1# 33 40 1.0 1.3 2.4

LC76G-2# 34 40 1.0 1.4 2.5

LC76F-1# 18 40 1.5 2.0 2.9

LC76F-2# 18 40 1.3 1.9 3.2

L76-L-1# 19 40 2.1 2.7 3.9

L76-L-2# 19 40 1.6 1.6 4.1

L76-LB-1# 19 40 2.5 2.5 4.0

L76-LB-2# 19 40 2.3 2.3 4.7

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Figure 13: Open Sky Static Horizontal CEP50 (m)

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Figure 14: Open Sky Static Horizontal CEP68 (m)

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Figure 15: Open Sky Static Horizontal CEP95 (m)

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4 TTFF Test Performance

4.1. Test Items

⚫ Enable EASY function and then perform TTFF tests under hot, warm and cold start conditions.
⚫ Disable EASY function and then perform TTFF tests under hot, warm and cold start conditions.

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⚫ Host EPO function and then perform TTFF tests under warm and cold start conditions.

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⚫ Flash EPO function and then perform TTFF tests under warm and cold start conditions.

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4.2. Test Methods

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⚫ Use PowerGPS or GOKE tool to test the TTFF.

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⚫ Select required testing items (hot start, warm start and cold start) in the tool.

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4.3. Test Results

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Table 8: EASY TTFF Test Results

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Test Modules
Test Conditions Test Times LC76G LC76F L76-L L76-LB
Test Item
Hot Start(s) 1000 0.6 Not support 1.2 1.3

EASY disabled Warm Start(s) 1000 23.0 Not support 26.3 29.4

Cold Start(s) 1000 25.4 Not support 27.4 31.2

Hot Start(s) 1000 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.5

EASY enabled Warm Start(s) 1000 1.7 3.8 3.1 2.9

Cold Start(s) 1000 11.5 25.5 13.3 12.7

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NOTE

1) LC76F does not support disable AGNSS.

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Figure 16: EASY disabled TTFF Test Result

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Figure 17: EASY enabled TTFF Test Result

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Table 9: EPO TTFF Test Results

Test Modules
Test Conditions Test Times LC76G LC76F L76-L L76-LB
Test Item
Host EPO
Cold Start(s) 500 3.2 Not support 6.3 5.0
Disable EASY
Flash EPO
Cold Start(s) 500 3.1 Not support 3.7 4.4
Disable EASY

NOTE

1) LC76F does not support EPO.

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C o Figure 18: EPO TTFF Test Results

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5 Sensitivity Test Performance

5.1. Test Items

⚫ Acquisition Sensitivity.
⚫ Tracking Sensitivity.

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⚫ Reacquisition Sensitivity.

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5.2. Test Methods

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5.2.1. Test Acquisition Sensitivity

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⚫ Connect DUT to GNSS satellite simulator: GSS7000 with RF cable.

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⚫ Directly reduce the RF power to target value.
⚫ Make cold start for 1 time, Record TTFF.
⚫ If TTFF<300s, reduce RF power of 1db and repeat step 3.
⚫ Stop test when TTFF>300s.
⚫ The minimum RF power for TTFF<300s is the acquisition sensitivity (cold start).

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5.2.2. Test Tracking Sensitivity

⚫ Connect DUT to GNSS satellite simulator GSS7000, set RF power to -130dBm.

⚫ Keep fixed for 12.5 minutes.
⚫ Reduced RF power very slowly, the steps are as follows:
5db/15s @-130dBm->-150dBm. If the target value is not in this range, please continue down.
2db/10s @-150dBm->-160dBm. If the target value is not in this range, please continue down.
1db/5s @-160dBm->-165dBm.
⚫ When reduce the RF power to (new)target value, check whether the DUT can fixed for 5 minutes.
⚫ If the DUT keep fixed more than 5 minutes, directly increase the RF power to -130dBm.
⚫ Keep fixed for 5minutes again.
⚫ Repeat step 3~6. Continue to observe whether the module lose fixed.
⚫ When the module can’t keep fixed for 5 minutes, the RF power value plus 1 is the tracking sensitivity.

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LC76G&LC76F&L76-L&L76-LB Data Comparison Report

5.2.3. Test Reacquisition Sensitivity

⚫ Connect DUT to GNSS satellite simulator GSS7000, set RF power to -130dBm.

⚫ Keep fixed for 12.5 minutes.
⚫ Disconnect GNSS satellite simulator, then the DUT would be lose fixed.
⚫ Directly reduce the RF power to (new)target value, connect DUT to GNSS satellite simulator.
⚫ If the module can’t be re-fixed within 5 minutes, directly increase the RF power to -130dBm.
⚫ Keep fixed for 5minutes again.
⚫ Repeat step 3~6.
⚫ When the DUT can re-fixed and keep fixed for 1 minute, then the RF power at this time is the
reacquisition sensitivity.

5.3. Test Results

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Table 10: Sensitivity Test Results

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Test Moudle

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LC76G LC76F L76-L L76-LB
Test Items

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Tracking & Navigation -166 dBm -165 dBm -167 dBm -167 dBm

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Reacquisition -159 dBm -162 dBm -161 dBm -161 dBm

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Acquisition -147 dBm -148 dBm -149 dBm -149 dBm

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6 Power Consumption Test

6.1. Test Items

Power Consumption

6.2. Test Methods

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⚫ Test the power consumption with instrument Agilent 66319B.

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⚫ The test is implemented in normal operation temperature with 3.3V voltage.

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⚫ Test instruments: Agilent 66319B, GSS7000

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⚫ Constellation configuration: GPS + GLONASS + Galileo + BDS、GPS + GLONASS

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6.3. Test Results

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Table 11: Power Consumption Test Results

Test Moudle LC76G LC76F L76-L L76-LB

Test Item GPS+ GLN+GAL+ BDS GPS+ GLN GPS+ GLN GPS+ GLN

Acquisition 36 mA 30 mA 31 mA 31 mA

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Tracking 34 mA 30 mA 31 mA 27 mA

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Backup 13 μA 30 μA 8 μA 8 μA

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7 Summary
⚫ For field test and static test, LC76G is better performed than LC76F, L76-L and L76-LB. LC76G has
better positioning accuracy.
⚫ For TTFF, sensitivity and power consumption, the LC76G performed as expected.

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8 Appendix References
Table 12: Terms and Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

RTK Real-Time Kinematic

CEP Circular Error Probable

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C/No Carrier-to-noise power spectral density ratio

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DUT Device Under Test

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EVB Evaluation Board

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GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

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RF Radio Frequency

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TTFF Time to First Fix

EPO Extended Prediction Orbit

GLN GLONASS

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GAL Galileo

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