MATHEMATICS SM025

TUTORIAL BOOK

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 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
QUESTIONS

RELATION BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND DIFFERENTIATION

d  x3  x  3  4 x  x2 3  4x 
2

1 Show that   . Hence, find  dx .

dx 1  2 x  1  2 x 2 1  2 x 
2

dy
 2 x  3  3 2 x  3 . Hence, find  6 2x  3 dx .
3
2 Given y  , show that
dx

INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONS

3 Find the integrals.

x5 2 7
a.  dx 3y 8 
2
b. dy c. 3
w dw d. du
5 u

4 Find the following integrals.

 2 1  x2  1  x 3 x
a.   3   dx b.  x 2 dx c.  x  x 3   dx d.  dx
x x  2 x

5 Find the following indefinite integrals.

10
a.   x  2  dx b.   d.  4  3  8 x  dx
7
dx c. 3
2  t dt
3x  7 
5

6 Find the integration of exponential functions.

e 4 x
a.  3e 2 x dx b.  dx c.  53 x dx
2
d.  7 2  x dx e.   3  e x  2  e  x  dx f.  e
4x
 3x  dx

7 Find the following indefinite integrals.

1 2 2x2
a.  dx b.  dx c.  x3  4 dx
3x 3  4x
ex
e.  2 x  x 2  2  dx
7
d.  x dx f. x e
2 x3
dx
e  4

INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

8 Find the following integrals.


a.  sin 5 x dx b.  cos  2 x   dx c.  sec2  2 x    dx
 4

e.   cos x  3sin 3 x  dx
1
  cos x  sin x  dx  1  2sec 2x  dx
2
d. f.
 2 
 4 cos  2 sin x cos xdx i.  sin x cos 2 x  sin 2 x cos xdx
2
g. 7 xdx h.

9 Determine  cot 2 2 sin 3 2 d . [5 marks]

[PSPM 13/14]

1
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
QUESTIONS

TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION (SUBSTITUTION)

10 Use a suitable substitution to integrate the following.

x
 x x 3  5dx 
2 3
a. 7 x  4 dx b. c. dx
x 1
 2 1  x3  x (ln x ) 2 e3x  x 2
d.   x  3 e dx e.  2 x dx f.  e 3x
 x3 
3
dx

g.  cot x dx h.  sin 2 x cos i.  3x

3 2
2 x dx sin x 3 dx
(ln 2 x )3 ln x
k.  x dx l.  x
dx

3
ln x
11 By using the substitution u  ln x , evaluate 
2
x
dx up to five decimal places.

[PSPM 10/11]
12 By using the substitution t  x , find the exact value of the integral,
9 x

4 x 1
dx [PSPM 11/12]
1
ex
13 By substituting u  1  e , evaluate  x
dx . Give your answer in terms of 𝑒. [6 marks]
0
1 ex
[UPS 13/14]

TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION (INTEGRATION BY PART)

14 Find the integrals using integration by parts.

2
 x ( x  4)  x  ln x 
2
a. dx b. x ln x dx c. 2
e  x dx d. dx
ln x
 x sin 5 x dx  x dx  ln x dx  ln x dx
2
x x
e. f. g. h.

15 Using integration by parts, solve ∫ 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥. [ 5 marks]

[UPS 12/13]

16 Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 ln 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 correct to three decimal places. [6 marks]

[UPS 13/14]

TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION (PARTIAL FRACTION)

17 Use partial fractions to find

dx x2  2
a.  2 b.  dx
x 9 x  x  2  x  1
x dx dx
c.   x  2 2
d. x 3
 x2

2
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
QUESTIONS

8 x 2  15 8x 2  15
18 Express
2 x3  3x
as partial fractions. Hence, evaluate  2 x3  3x dx . [PSPM 10/11]

19 Find the value of A, B, C and D if

x2  2 x  1 A B C D
  2  .
x  x  1 x x
2 2
x 1 x  1

4  x2  2x  1 
Hence, evaluate 2  x 2  x 2  1  dx
 
[PSPM 11/12]

2 x 2  4 x  3 A( x 2  x  1)  B(2 x  1)
20 Find the values of A and B if  .
x2  x 1 x2  x 1
2x 2  4x  3
Hence, find  dx. [7marks]
x2  x 1
[PSPM 12/13]

7𝑥2 +3𝑥+2
21 Express as partial fractions. Hence, evaluate ∫ (𝑥+1)2(𝑥−2) 𝑑𝑥 [12 marks]
( ) ( )
[PSPM 13/14]

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
5 8 5
22 Given  f ( x) dx  5 ,  f ( x) dx  10 and  g ( x) dx  6 .
2 5 2
Evaluate
5 2 5 8
a.  3 f ( x) dx
2
b.  g ( x) dx
5
c.   2 f ( x)  3g ( x) dx
2
d.  f ( x ) dx
2

23 Evaluate the following.

3
1 4
3
2 x3 2  x2
  3x  2 x  1 dx  c. 
2
a. b. dx dx
1 0 1  x4 2
x
2 x 3
e e x
d. 
1
ex
dx e.  x 2 ln x dx
1

24 Evaluate the following.

 
4  2
a.  sin 2 x dx b.  cos x sin x dx 2
c.  x cos 2 x dx
0  0
2

2
25 By using cos 3 x  4 cos3 x  3cos x , evaluate  cos
3
x dx .
0

3
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
QUESTIONS

AREA OF A REGION

26 Find the area of the region bounded by,

a. The curve y  2 x , x-axis, the lines x  1 and x  4 .
 
b. The curve y  cos x , y  0 , x   and x  .
2 2
c. The curve y  ln x , the lines x  4 and the x  axis .
d. The curve y  ln x , y-axis , the lines y  0 and y  4 .

27 Find the area of the region bounded by,

4
a. The curve y  and the line y  5  x .
x
b. The curves y  x2  5x and y  25  x2 .

c. The curves y  sin x , y  cos x and y-axis in  0 ,  .
 4

28 Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y   x  1 and the x-axis from x  0 to x  2 .
3

VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

29 Calculate the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the region bounded by the curve
y  e2x , and the lines y  e and x  0 through 2 radians about the y-axis.

30 Find the volume of the solid generated by rotating the region bounded by the curve y   x  2  and
2

the line y  x through 360o about

a. the x-axis b. the y-axis

31 Find the volume of the solid generated by rotating the shaded region R through 360o about the
x-axis.
y
y2  x 1

2
y
R x
x
0 1 4

4
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
QUESTIONS

32
y
1

x
0 2π

a. Determine the area of the shaded region.

b. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the shaded region about x-axis through 360°.

[UPS 10/11]
CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS

33 Integrate the following.

x2 sin x
 2 cos x dx   cos
3 2
a. b. dx c. x sin x dx
x
x
 sin  cos
2 2
d. 3x dx e. dx
2


4
d
34 Show that
d
 tan 3   can be expressed in the form 3 tan 4   3sec 2   3 . Hence, find  tan 4  d .
0

sin 
35 Prove that for   n , where n is an integer ,  tan  sec 4  .
cos  (1  2 sin 2   sin 4  )
By using the substitution u  tan  , evaluate

4
sin 
 cos  1  2sin
0
2
  sin 4  
d . [PSPM 10/11]

36 a. Prove that cos 3 x  4 cos3 x  3cos x .

1
b. Use the above identity to show that cos3 2 x   cos 6 x  3cos 2 x  .
4

6

 cos
3
Hence, evaluate 2 x dx . [PSPM 10/11]
0

37 Consider the curve given by the equation f ( x)  2  x 2 .

a. Sketch the region bounded by the curves f (x) , g ( x)  x2 , the lines x  0 and x  2 .
Hence, find the area of the region.
b. Find the volume of solid generated when the region bounded by the curve f (x), lines x  1 and
x  2 is rotated completely about the x-axis.
[PSPM 10/11]

5
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
QUESTIONS

38 Find the area of the region bounded by y  sin x , x  0, x   2 and the x -axis. If the region is
rotated 360 about the x -axis, find the volume of the solid generated.
[PSPM 11/12] *

39 Find
1
3  ex
a) 0 e x dx. [ 3 marks]

b) sin 2 x cos x dx [ 4 marks]

[UPS 12/13]

40 a) Find  sin 3 x cos 4 xdx by using substitution u  cos x . [6marks]

e
b) Evaluate  1
x ln xdx. [6marks]
[PSPM 12/13]

41 a) Sketch and shade the region R bounded by the curves y  x 2  2, the line 2 y  x  2, x  0 and
x  2. Hence, find the area of R. [7 marks]

b) If the region R (a) is rotated through 2 radian about the x-axis, find the volume of solid
generated. [6marks]
[PSPM 12/13]
42 By using partial fractions, show that
x 1 1
  .
x  1 2( x  1) 2( x  1)
2

Hence, evaluate

5
x
x
2
2
1
dx [12 marks]

[ UPS14/15]
x
43 a. By using substitution u  x  1, find  x 1
dx. [ 6marks]

 xe
4x
b. Find dx [ 6marks]
[ UPS14/15]

6
 FINAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
ANSWERS

4
x3 2 3
1
1 c 10 a.  7 x  4  2  c b.  x3  5 3  c
1  2x 21 4
2 1 3
 2 x  3 x  1  x  2   c d. e x  x  c
3
2 2  c c.
3 3
1 1
e.  ln x   c
3
x6 2 3 f.  c
6  e  x3 
2
3 a. c b. y c 6 3 x
30 9
1
c. 6 3
w4  c d. 14 u  c g. ln sin x  c h. 
8
 cos 4 2 x   c

 ln 2 x   c
4
1 1
4 a.  2 x c b. x  c i.  cos x 3  c k.
x2 x 4
2 9 1 5 2 3 (ln x) 2
c. x 2  x 2  c d. 6 x  x 2  c l. c
9 5 3 4

1 5 11 0.36325 / 0.36324
 x  2  c
8
5 a. b.  c
6 3x  7 
4
8 3
12 2  ln  
3 4
1 3 2
c. 2  t 3  c d.  3  8x  2  c 1+𝑒
4 3 13 𝑙𝑛 2

3 2x 1 x
6 a. e c b.  e 4 x  c 14 a.   ln x  4  c
2 8 x4
5 3x
72 x 2 3 1
c. c d.  c b. x 2  ln x    c
3ln 5 ln 7 3  3
e. 7 x  2e x  3e  x  c
c. e  x  2 x  2   c
x 2

e 4 x 3x
f.  c d. x  ln x   2 x ln x  2 x  c
2
4 ln 3
1 1
1 1 e.  x cos 5x  sin 5 x  c
7 a. ln x  c b.  ln 3  4 x  c 5 25
3 2 f. (ln x )  c
2

2
c. ln x 3  4  c d. ln e x  4  c 1 1
3 g. x 2 ln x  x 2  c
2 4
1 1 x3
e.  x 2  2   c
8
f. e c 1 3 1 3
8 3 h. x ln x  x  c
3 9
1 
b. sin  2 x    c
1
8 a.  cos 5 x  c 15 – 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 + +𝑐
5 2  4
1 16 3.634
c. tan  2 x     c d. sin x  cos x  c 17
2
1 1 x3
a. ln c
e. 2sin x  cos 3x  c f. x  tan 2 x  c 6 x3
2
sin 14 x  cos 2 x b. ln
 x  2  x  1  c
g.  2x  c h. c
7 2 x
i. cos x  c 2
c. ln x  2  c
x2
9 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 2𝜃 + 𝑐 x 1 1
d. ln  c
x x

7
 FINAL
CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATION
ANSWERS

18 32 a. 4 unit2 b.  2 unit 3
8 x 2  15 5 2x 33
  2 ;
2 x  3x x 2 x  3
3
sin x3
1 a. c b. 2cos x  c

5ln x  ln 2 x 2  3  c
2
 6
cos3 x x sin 6 x
19 c.  c d.  c
3 2 12
A  2, B  1, C  2, D  0
x sin x
1 9 e.  c
  ln or 0.5609 2 2
4 4
20  2
A  2, B  1 34 
4 3
2 x  ln( x 2  x  1)  C
3
35
4
21 − + ; 3.3420
3 3
( )
36 b. or 0.3248
16
22 a. 15 b. –6 c. 28 d. 15 37
y g(x)
23
a. f (x)
a. 24 b. 2 1
4 2 16 1 1
c. ln 4   d. 1  4  2
3 3 2e 2e 0 2
x

26
e. 9ln 3 
9 Area = 4 unit2
13
1
b.  unit3
1 15
24 a. 1 b.  c. 
3 2 3
38 A  2 unit 2 , V  unit 3
2 2
25
3 39 a. 4 −
26
1 b. +𝑐
a. 9 unit2 b. 2 unit2
3
c. (8 ln 2  3) unit2 d.  e 4  1 unit2 40
cos 7 x cos 5 x
 c
a. 8 4
27 1 2
b. (e  1)
5
a.   4 ln 4  unit2 b. 140 unit2
15 4
 2  8 11
41 a. unit 2
c.  
2  1 unit2
3
102
1 b.  unit 3
28 unit2 5
2 42 Shown; 1.040
1 2 ( x  1) 3
29   e  2 unit3 43 a.  2 x 1  c
4 3
2 1 xe 4 x 1  e 4 x 
30 a. 14  unit3 b. 22  unit3 b.   c
5 2 4 4  4 
3
31  unit3
2
8
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
QUESTION

2.1 Separable Variables

1 Solve each of the following differential equations. (Separable Variable)

b. 2  3 x 2  y 2  1
dy dy
a. x  2 x 2  1
dx dx
c. xy  x   x y  y  y '  0
2 2 1
d. y dy  yecos x sin xdx  0
dy y  2  3 x  dy 6t 2  2t  1
e.  f. 
dx x 1  3 y  dt cos y  e y
ds s 2t  6t
g. 
dt st 2  s

2 Find the particular solutions of the following differential equations, with the conditions as given.
(Separable Variable)
dy
a. y '  x 3 1  y  ; y 0  3 b.  y sin t ;t   , y  3
dt
dy  dy
c.  2 x cos 2 y ; y  0  d.  8 x3e 2 y ; y 0  0
dx 4 dx
2 dy
e. e  x  x  y  2
2
; x  0, y  0
dx

3 Find the particular solution of the differential equation

dy
( x  2)  y  2 y (0)  1 [7marks]
dx
[UPS 2012/13]

4 By using separable variable method, find the general solution of the differential equation
dy y
 . Hence, determine the particular solution if y  2 when x  5 . [7 marks]
dx 2x  1
[UPS 2013/14]

dy 4 x 3
5 Solve the differential equation  , given that y  2 when x  0. [4 marks]
dx 3 y 2
[PSPM 12/13]

2.2 First Order Linear Differential Equations

6 Solve each of the following differential equations. (Integrating Factor)

dy dy y
a.  y  e3x b.   2x 1
dx dx x
c.
dv
d
 v tan   sec 
d. x 2  1 
dy
dx
 xy  x

e.  t  y  1 dt  dy  0 f. xy ' 2 y  x3 cos x  0

7 Find the particular solutions of the following differential equations, with the conditions as given.
(Integrating Factor)
dx
a. t 3  3t 2 x  t ; x  2  0
dt

9
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
QUESTION

dy
b.  cos x   y sin x  cos3 x ; y  0   1
dx
dy
c.  2 y  e 2 x x 3 ; y  0, x  1
dx
dy y 1  x 
d.   sin   ; y  2   1
dx x 2  2 

dy
8 Solve the differential equation  2 y  3 by using integrating factor method. Express
dx
y in terms of x [7marks]
[UPS 2011/12]
dy
9 Solve the differential equation e x  2e x y  1, given that y  2 when x  0 . [6 marks]
dx
[PSPM 11/12]
10 Solve the differential equation [7 marks]
dy
x  y  x sin x y ( )  1 [PSPM 12/13]
dx

2.3 Applications

11 A bacteria culture is known to grow at a rate proportional to the amount present. Find an expression
for the approximate number of bacteria present in such a culture if the initial number is 300 and if is
observed that the population has increased by 20 percent after 2 hours.
a. Determine the number of bacteria that will be present in the culture after 24 hours.
b. Determine the number of bacteria that will be present in the culture after 1 week.
c. Determine the amount of time it will take the culture to double its original population.

12 The population of a certain country is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of
people presently living in the country. If after 2 years the population has doubled, and after 3 years
the population is 20,000 find the number of people initially living in the country.

13 After 2 days, 10g of radioactive chemical is present. Three days later, 5g is present. How much of
the chemical was present initially, assuming the rate of disintegration is proportional to the amount
present?

dH
14 Newton’s law of cooling states that hot liquid at the temperature h cools at a rate proportional
dT
to the difference between its temperature and temperature of the surrounding environment H 0 .
Show that H  Ae kt  H 0 , where k is the cooling rate constant and A is an integral constant. A hot
tea at 76 C is left in a room of 22 C .
a. Find the Newton’s cooling equation.
b. Using a container X, it is found that after 10 minutes in the room, the temperature of tea has
decreased by 10 . Determine the temperature of the tea after 15 minutes in the room.
c. Using a different container Y, whose k  0.10 , determine the time taken for the tea to cool down
to room temperature.
d. In which of the two containers, X or Y, does the tea cools down to room temperature faster?

[PSPM 10/11]

10
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
QUESTION

dN
15 A radioactive substance of mass N gram decays at the rate of  kN , where k is a constant.
dt
Initially the amount of the substance was 80 grams. After 100 years it decayed to 20 grams.

a. Express N in terms of the elapsed time t . [5marks]

b. Calculate the amount of the substance remains after 120 years. [5 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

16 Assume that P (t ) represents the size of a population at any time t and the increment in population
dP(t )
size at time t can be modeled by the differential equation  0.005P(t ) with an initial
dt
condition P (0)  1500. Determine the size of population after 10 years. [6 marks]
[PSPM 12/13]

17 According to the Newton’s law of cooling, the rate of change of temperature of an object is
proportional to the difference in temperature between the object and the surrounding temperature,
M . The law is given by the following differential equation

 k T  M 
dT
dt

Where T (t ) is the temperature of the object at time t and k is a constant.

(a) Express T in term of time t . [5 marks]

(b) A bowl of soup is removed from an oven with temperature at 60  . What is the temperature after 5
minutes if k  0.04 assuming that the temperature of the surrounding is 26.9  .
[6 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

11
 FINAL
CHAPTER 2 FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ANSWER

1. a. y  x 2  ln x  C 8. y
3
 ce 2 x
y 1 2
b. ln  x3  c
y 1
9. y  e  x  e 2 x
1 1
c.  ln 1  y 2  ln x 2  1  c
2 2
10. xy   x cos x  sin x
1
d.  ecos x  C
y 11. a. N  2675
e. ln y  3 y  2ln x  3x  C b. N  1.34  109
f. sin y  e  2t  t  t  C
y 3 2
c. t  7.6 hours
1 1
g. ln s 2  6  ln t 2  1  C N o  7071
2 2 12.

x4 13. 15.87 g
2. a. y  4e  1 4

b. y  3e cos t 1 14. a. H  t   54e  kt  22

c. y  tan 1  x 2  1 b. 61.720 C / 62.0040 C / 62.00 C
1 2y 1 c.  / too long
d. e  2x4  d. Y is faster than X
2 2
1 1 2  ln 4
e.  ex 1 t
 y  2 2 15 a) N  80e 100

b) N  15.157
3
3. y  x 1 16 P (10)  1577
2

ln  x 1
1/ 2
c 17 a. T  M  Ae  kt
4. y  e , y  x 1 
b. 54
5. y3  x4  8

1
6. a. y  e3 x  Ce x
2
b. y  2 x 2  x ln x  Cx
c. V  sin   C cos
C
d. y  1  1

 x 2  1 2
e. y  t  2  Cet
f. y  x 2 sin x  Cx 2

1 2
7. a. x  
2t t 3
b. y  cos x sin x  cos x
x4 1
c. y  2x
 2x
4e 4e
x 2 x
d. y   cos    sin  
2 x 2

12
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 3 NUMERICAL METHODS
QUESTION

Solutions of Non Linear Equations

1 Sketch the graphs of y  e 2 x and y  5  4 x on the same coordinate axis; show that the equation
e2 x  4 x  5  0 has only one real root.

Newton-Raphson Method

2 Solve the following equations by using Newton-Raphson Method and taking the given point as the
first approximation. Give your answer correct to 4 decimal places.
10
a. 2x  x  2 , x 0  2.1 b. x ln x  1  0 , x0  2
x

c. x  1  5 cos( x  ) , x 0  2 d. 5  4 x  e 2 x  0 , x 0  0.5
3
3 Given the function y  2  x and y  ln x .
a. Sketch both graphs on the same axes
b. Show that the equation 2  x  ln x  0 has a solution in the interval [1.5, 2] .
c. By using Newton–Raphson Method, solve 2  x  ln x  0 correct to 3 decimal places.

4 Sketch the graphs of y  ex and y  2 x  2 on the same diagram. Hence, find an approximation for
the root of equation e x  2 x  2  0 . By taking this value as the first approximation, use Newton-
Raphson Method to find an approximation for this root correct to 4 decimal places.

2
5 Sketch, on the same coordinate axes, the graphs y  e x and y  . Show that the equation
1 x
1  x  e x  2  0 has a root in the interval  0, 1 . Hence, use the Newton-Raphson method with the
initial value x0  0.5 to estimate the root correct to three decimal places.

1 1
6 The x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the curves y  x 2 
and y  2 is p , where x  0 ,
x x
Show that 0.5  p  1 . Use the Newton-Raphson method to determine the value of p correct to three
decimal places. Hence, find the point of intersection.

7 Using the sketch graphs of y  x3 and x  y  1 , show that x3  x  1  0 has only one real root and
state the successive integers a and b such that the real root lies in the interval  a, b  . Use Newton-
Raphson method to find the real root correct to three decimal places.

8 Approximate 3 5 by using Newton-Raphson method and initial value 1.5, up to the second iteration
and correct to three significance figures.

2
9 Given the equation e x  1
x
(a) Show that there is a real root between 1 and 2 [3 Marks]
(b) By using Newton-Raphson method, find the root of the equation correct to three decimal places,
taking 1.5 as the first approximation. [4 Marks]
[UPS 11/12]

13
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 3 NUMERICAL METHODS
QUESTION

10 Show that the equation 2 x  e x  2  0 has a root between x  0 and x  1 . Using the Newton-
Raphson method and taking x0  0.7 , find the root correct to four decimal places. [7 Marks]
[UPS 12/13]
11 Given e  4  x .
x

a. Show that there is a real root between 1 and 2.

b. Hence, by using the Newton-Raphson method, find the root of the equation correct to four
decimal places. Given that x0  1.2 as the first approximation. [4 Marks]
[UPS 13/14]
1
12 Show that the equation  5  3x  3  x has a root in the interval 1, 2  . By using the Newton-Raphson
method with the first approximation x1  1 , find an approximate root of the equation correct to three
decimal places. [7 Marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

13 a. Show that x 4  3 x 2  1 has a solution on the interval 1, 2  . [2 Marks]

b. Use Newton-Raphson’s method with x0  1 to estimate the solution for part (a) correct to four
decimal places. [7 Marks]
[PSPM 12/13]

Trapezoidal Rule

14 Use the trapezoidal rule with n intervals of equal width to find an estimate of definite integral,
giving your answer correct to 4 decimal places.
8 1
dx
(a)  1  x 2 dx, n  4 (d)  , n4
0 0
1 x
4 1
ln x dx
(b) 1 x dx, n  5 (e) 
0 1 x
, n4


2
(c) 
0
sin x  cos x dx, n  5

3
ln x
15 By using the substitution u  ln x , evaluate 
2
x
dx up to five decimal places. [2 Marks]
3
ln x
If
2
 x
dx is approximated using the trapezoidal method based on five equal subintervals, compute

the error. [5 Marks]

[PSPM 10/11]
2

x e
2 x
16 a. Use trapezoidal rule with four subintervals to estimate dx , correct to four decimal places.
0

[6 Marks]
3
b.Given f ( x)  x3  5 x  3 . Show that f ( x )  0 can be written as x  g ( x )   2 . With the initial
x 5
value x1  0.5, find the roots of f ( x ) by using iteration method. Hence, calculate the root of
f ( x ) accurate to 3 decimal places. [6 Marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

14
 FINAL
CHAPTER 3 NUMERICAL METHODS
ANSWER

1. - as shown -

2. a. 2.1544 b. 1.7632
c. 1.9796 d. 0.5294

3. c. 1.557

4. 0.3149

5. 0.375

6. p  0.724 , point of intersection  0.724,1.908 

7.  0,1 , 0.682
8. 1.71

9. b. 1.060

10. 0.3149

11. b. 1.0737

12. 1.154

13. b. 0.6180

14. a. 33.9461 b. 0.9318

c. 1.7621 d. 0.6970
e. 0.7919

15. 0.36325; 0.36296

16. a. 13.9962; b. 0.657

15
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 4 CONICS
QUESTION

4.1 CIRCLES
1 Write the general equation of each of the following circles that satisfies the stated conditions.
a. Centre at (3, 0) and r  3 .
b. Centre at the origin and r  7
c. Tangent to the x - axis, a radius of length 4 and x coordinate of center is  3 .
d. x -Intercept of 6, y -intercept of  4 and passes through the origin.
e. Tangent to both axes, a radius of 6 and the centre in the third quadrant.

2 Find the centre and the length of the radius of each of the circles.
a. x 2  y 2  6 x  10 y  30  0
b. 4 x 2  4 y 2  4 x  8 y  11  0

3 Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the following circles at the points given.
a. x 2  y 2  2 x  6 y  8  0 , at  2, 2 
b. x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  15  0 , at  3, 2 
c. x 2  y 2  10 y  20  0 , at  2, 4 

4 Find
a. the equations of the tangents to the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  24  0 at the points where the
circle cuts the line y  x.
b. the length of the tangents from the point (2, 5) to the circle x 2  y 2  14 x  2 y  34  0

5 Find the equation of the circle that passes

a. the origin and has its center  3, 4 
b. three points 1, 2  ,  3,8  and  9,6 

6 Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of each of the following circles with the
corresponding straight lines.
a. x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  8  0 and y  7 x  2
b. x 2  y 2  10 x  6 y  31  0 and y  5 x  15

7 Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of each of the following pairs of circles.
a. x 2  y 2  3x  5 y  4  0 and x 2  y 2  x  4 y  7  0
b. x 2  y 2  5 x  3 y  4  0 and x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0

8 The circle C has equation x 2  y 2  18x  6 y  45  0

a. Find the radius of C and the coordinates of its centre P .
b. Show that the line y  2 x is a tangent to C and find the coordinates of its point of contact Q .
c. Show that the tangent to C at the point R (6, 9) has equation x  2 y  12  0
d. Given that the tangents to C at Q and R meet at S , show that QS  5 .

9 A circle passes through the points A (-2,4), B (7,7) and the centre lies on the line y  x  1 . Find the
radius and standard equation of the circle. [12 marks]
[UPS 12/13]

16
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 4 CONICS
QUESTION

10 Find an equation of the circle that passes through the points (1, 4) , (2, 2) and  1,3 . Hence, find
the radius of the circle. [6 marks]
[PSPM 10/11]

11 A circle C passes through the origin and has its centre at the point  3, 3 .
a. Obtain the equation of the circle C. [3 marks]
b. If the line y  x  6 meets the circle C at the points P and Q, determine the coordinates of P and
Q. [5 marks]
c. Find the coordinates of the points on the circle C where the tangents are parallel to the line PQ.
[5 marks]

12 A line segment joining (-1, 0) and (3, 4) is a diameter of a circle.

a. Find an equation of the circle. [3 marks]
b. Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (3, 4). [4 marks]
c. Find the points of intersection of the circle with its chord of which the midpoint is the origin.
[8 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

13 Find the centre and radius of the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 . Obtain the equation of the tangent to the
circle at the point (0,2). [7 marks]
[PSPM 12/13]
14 Two circles of radius 5 units pass through the origin with their centres lie on the line x  y  1 . Show
that the equations of the circles are
x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  0 and x 2  y 2  8 x  6 y  0 [6 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

4.2 ELLIPSES
15 Find the vertices, foci, centre, major and minor axes for the ellipses. Sketch the graphs.
x2 y 2 4x2 4 y2
a.  1 b.  1
25 4 9 25
c. 2 x 2  3 y 2  5 d. x 2  4 y 2  6 x  8 y  1

 
16 P(2, 1) is a point on an ellipse with foci ( 3, 0) and  3, 0 . Find the equation of this ellipse.

17 Find the equation of an ellipse with one foci is F (0, 3) , with equation of the minor axis x  2 and
the length of the major axis is 12 units.

18 Given the foci of an ellipse are  1, 6  and  1, 0  , with the length of the major axis is 10 units. Find
the equation of the ellipse and sketch the ellipse.

19 The major vertices of an ellipse are ( 1, 2) and (9, 2) . The distance between the two foci of the
ellipse is 8 units. Find the standard equation of the ellipse. [7 marks]
[UPS 10/11]
20 The Cartesian equation of an ellipse is given by 4x 2  9 y 2  16 x  36 y  16  0 .
a. Express the Cartesian equation of the ellipse in the standard form. [3 marks]
b. Determine the coordinates of the centre, vertices and foci of the ellipse. [6 marks]
c. Sketch the graph of the ellipse. [3 marks]
[UPS 11/12]
17
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 4 CONICS
QUESTION

21 Show that 4x2 – 16x + y2 +2y – 8 = 0 is an equation of an ellipse with vertical major axis. Hence,
find its centre and foci. [5 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]
22 Given that 9 x 2  72 x  16 y 2  32 y  16 is the equation of an ellipse.
a. Write the equation in standard form. [3 marks]
b. Find the foci, vertices, lengths of the major and minor axes. [6 marks]
c. Sketch the graph. [3 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

4.3 PARABOLAS
23 Find the equation of the parabolas given,
a. V (0, 2) and F(4, 2) b. V (0, 0) and  0, 4 
c. V (0, 0) and directrix, x  6  0 d. V (0, 0) dan directrix, y  8

24 Find the equation of the parabolas with vertex (0, 0) that satisfy the given condition:
a. directrix x  4  0
b. focus F  0, 3
c. Open upward and passing through the point (3, 4)

25 Find the focus, directrix and vertex of each of the following parabolas and sketch their graph.
a. x 2  9 y b. x 2  6 y  0 c. y 2  4 x d. y 2  8 x

26 Find the equation of each of the following parabolas in the standard form. State the coordinates of
their vertices, foci and equations of the directrix. Sketch their graphs.
a. y 2  4 y  6 x  8 b. x 2  4 x  6 y  28
c. y 2  2 y  2x  3 d. x 2  8 x  4 y  12

27 Find the equations of the parabolas that satisfy the following conditions:
a. the axis of symmetry is parallel to x-axis and passing through the points (1, 1) , 1, 3 and
 2, 0 
b. the axis of symmetry is parallel to x-axis and passing through the points (0, 4),  0, 1 and
(6, 1) .

28 An equation x 2  4 x  4 y  8  0 represents a parabola.

a. Determine the vertex, focus and directrix of the parabola. [6 marks]
5
b. Show that the tangent lines to the parabola at points A (-2, 5) and B (3, ) intersect at the right
4
angle. [7 marks]
[PSPM 12/13]
29
a. A circle with center  4, 2  passes through the points 10, 6  and  a,8 . Find
i. the value of a
ii. the general equation of the circle [7 marks]
b. Find the standard equation of a parabola with its symmetric axis parallel to the x  axis, vertex at
the point  3, 2  and passing through the point  4, 4  [5 marks]
[UPS 13/14]
18
 FINAL
CHAPTER 4 CONICS
ANSWER

4.1 CIRCLES
1. a. x  y  6 x  0
2 2
b.  5,1 ,  2, 2 
b. x 2  y 2  49  0
c. x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  9  0 8. a. 3 5, P  9, 3
x 2  y 2  6x  8 y  9  0 b. Shown  3,6  b. Shown c. Shown
d. x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  0
e. x 2  y 2  12 x  12 y  36  0

2. a. C  3,5 ; r  2 9. r = 5, ( x  3) 2  ( y  4) 2  25
1 
b. C  ,1 ; r  2
2 
10. x 2  y 2  x  5 y  4  0 , r  1.58
3. a. y  x ; y   x  4
b. y   x  1 ; y  x  5 11. a.  x  32   y  32  18
1 b.  0, 6  &  6, 0 
c. y  2 x ; y  x  5
2 c.  0, 0  &  6, 6 
4. a. 2 x  5 y  28  0, 5 x  2 y  21  0
12. a. ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2  8
b. 5
b. x  y  7  0
5. a. x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  0 3 3 3 3
c. (2 ,- ) , (-2 , )
b. 11x 2  11y 2  100 x  58 y  39  0 5 5 5 5

6. a.  1, 5 ,  0, 2  x
13. C = (-1,0), r = 5, y  2
2
b.  1,10   4, 5  14. Shown

7. a.  2, 1, 1, 5

4.2 ELLIPSES

15. a. V1  5, 0  ,V2  5, 0  ,V1 '  0 , 2  ,V2 '  0, 2  C  0, 0 

F1    
21 , 0 , F2  21 , 0 , C  0 ,0  Major axis, y = 0 ; minor axis, x = 0
Major axis, y = 0 ; minor axis, x = 0
  
d. V1 3  14, 1 , V2 3  14, 1 
 5  5 3   3   7  7
b. V1  0,  , V2  0,   , V1 '  , 0  , V2 '   , 0  , V1 '  3, 1   ,V2 '  3, 1  ,
 2  2 2   2   2  2 
F1  0, 2  , F2  0, 2  , C  0, 0 
 21   21 
Major axis, x = 0 ; minor axis, y = 0 F1  3  , 1 , F2  3  , 1 , C 3, 1
 2   2 
 5   Major axis, y = –1 ; minor axis, x = 3
5   5
c. V1  , 0  ,V2   , 0  ,V1 '  0 ,  ,
 2   2   3  x2 y2
16.  1
 5  5   5  6 3
V2 '  0 ,   , F1  , 0  , F2   , 0 
 3  6   6 
19
 FINAL
CHAPTER 4 CONICS
ANSWER

17.
 x  2  2   y  3 2 1
21. C = (2, -1)
36 32 5 3 5 3
F1 = (2, -1+ ), F2 = (2, -1- )
2 2

18.
x  12   y  32 1
 x  4  y  1
2 2
16 25
22. a)  1
16 9
 x  4    
2
( y  2) 2 b) C  4, 1 ; F1 4  7, 1 , F2 4  7, 1
19.  1
25 9 Length of major axis = 8;
Length of minor axis = 6;
V1  0, 1 ; V2  8, 1
2
( x  2) ( y  2) 2
20. a.  1
9 4 c) –
b. C = 5
V = 5,  2,  1,  2

F = 2  5 , 2 , 2  5 ,  2 

4.3 PARABOLAS
23.

a.  y  2 2  16 x b. x 2  16 y Directrix, y 
5
c. y 2  24 x d. x 2  32 y 2
 3 
 y  1  2  x  2  , V  2,1 , F   ,1
2
c.
24. a. y 2  16 x b. x 2  12 y  2 
9 5
c. x 2  y Directrix, x  
4 2
d.  x  4   4  y  7  ,
2

 9 9 V  4 , 7  , F  4, 6  ,
25. a. F  0,  , y   , V  0, 0 
 4 4 Directrix, y = –8
 3 3
b. F  0,   , y  , V  0, 0 
 2 2 27. a.  y  1  x  3
2

c. F 1, 0  , x  1, V  0, 0  2
 3  25 
b.  y     x  
d. F  2, 0  , x  2, V  0, 0   2  4 
26. a.
 1 
 y  2  6  x  2  , V  2, 2  , F   , 2  ,
2

 2  28. a. V (2,1) , F (2,2) , y  0 or x  axis

7 b. shown
Directrix, x  
2
a.)a  4, x 2  y 2  8 x  4 y  80  0
 11 
b.  x  2   6  y  4  , V  2, 4  , F  2,  29.
2

b.)  y  2   4  x  3
2
 2

20
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 5 VECTORS
QUESTIONS

VECTORS IN THREE DIMENSIONS, SCALAR PRODUCT AND VECTOR PRODUCT

1. If a  2 i  j , b  i  3 j  2k and c  3i  j  4k , express in term of i , j and k

             
a. 2a  b  c
  
b. a  b  c
  
c. 3a  2  2b  c 
  
2. a. Show that a  i  j  5k and b  2i  3 j  k are perpendicular.
       
b. Find  if a  3i  j   k and b  2 i  3 j  4k are perpendicular.
       

3. Given that P (1, 2,3) , Q  0, 2, 1)  and R (2, 1, 2) . Find the angle of PQR

4. Given that a and b are perpendicular. Simplify

 
a.  a  b   b
  
b.  a  b    2a  b 
   
5. Given the position vector of point 𝐴 , 𝐵 and 𝐶 as a  i  j  k , b  i  2 j  3k and
       
c  i  3 j  2k , find
   
a. unit vector in the direction of a  2b  3c
  
b. angle between a  2b  3c and a
   
c. the values of m and n, given i  mj  nk perpendicular to a and perpendicular to b .
    
6. For a  2 i  j  3k , b   i  j  k . Find,
       
a. 2b  a b. a   a  b  c. The angle between a and b .
      
7. If a  2 i  j  k and b  i  3 j  2k , find the modulus and direction cosines of a  b and a  b .
           
8. Given a  2 i  3 j  k and b  i  4 j  5k , find
       
a. a  b b. a  b
   

9. Find all the vectors with the length 6 units, which are perpendicular to both vectors
a  2 i  3 j  2k and b  i  2 j  3k .
       
10. If vectors a  i   j  3k and b   i  4 j  3 k are parallel vectors, find a  b , and hence
         
determine the possible values of  . What conclusion can you make for each of these values of  ?

11. The vertices 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 of a triangle have coordinates (1, 2, 2) , (3,1,1) and (4,3,1) respectively.
Find the vector product of PQ and PR. Hence,
a. find a unit vector that is perpendicular to the plane containing triangle PQR,
b. calculate the area of triangle PQR.

21
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 5 VECTORS
QUESTIONS

12. A  3,1, 1 , B 1,3, 1 and C 1,1,1 and D are vertices of parallelogram. Find
a. the area of the parallelogram
b. a unit vector which is perpendicular to the plane ABCD .

APPLICATION OF VECTORS IN GEOMETRY

13. Find the vector equation of the following lines.

  
 

a. parallel to the line r  2 i  5 j  k  t i  2 j  3k and passes through (1,3, 7) ;
 
b. passes through (0,1, 2) and in the direction i  j  2k .
  
14. Find the parametric equations of the following lines.


   

a. parallel to the line r  i  3 j  2k  t  i  2 j  6k and passes through (5, 2, 1) ;
  
b. in the direction 2 i  j  3k and passes through (0, 2, 1) ;
  
c. passes through A(1,, 2,1) and B (1, 3, 2) ;
d. passes through C(0,1, 1) and D(5, 1,3) .

15. Find the Cartesian equation of the following lines:

  

  

a. parallel to the line r  2 i  3 j  4k  t 3i  j  2k and passes through (1, 2, 3) ;

b. passes through (2, 6, 1) and in the direction i  2k .
 
16. Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the planes containing,
a. the point A(1,5,3) and perpendicular to the vector d  3i  4 j  6k .
   
b. the points A(1,3, 4) , B (2, 1, 4) and C (2, 4,5) .
x3 z 3
c. the point A(2, 4, 3) and perpendicular to the line  y2 .
5 2
x 1 y  3 z 1
d. the point A(1, 1, 2) ,and the line with equation   .
2 1 3

17. Find the angle between two planes below.

a. 2 x  y  z  5 and 3 x  y  z  1
b. 2 x  4 y  6 z  1 and 2 x  y  z  7
c. x  2 y  z  6 and 3 x  y  z  1
d. r  ( i  2 j  3k )  10 and 2 x  y  z  1 .
  

18. Find the acute angle between the plane x  2 y  z  8 and the line with parametric
equations x  t, y  1  t, z  3  2t .

19. Find the angle between the line and the plane of the following equations,
a. L1 : r  2 i  3 j  k  t (2 i  j  2k ) and the plane  1 : 2 x  4 y  z  1 .
     
x y  2 3z  3
b. L2 :   and the plane  2 : x  3 y  z  1 .
2 3 4
c. L3 : x  1  2t , y  3  t , z  5  2t and the plane  3 : 3 x  y  z  12 .
y 1 z  2
d. L4 : x  2,  and the plane  4 : r  ( i  2 j  k )  11 .
2 3   

22
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 5 VECTORS
QUESTIONS

20. Find the coordinates of the point where the line with parametric equations
x  1  t , y  3  t , z  3  2t intersects,
a. the XOZ plane b. the YOZ plane

21. Find the parametric equations of the line which passes through points A(1, 2,3) and B (2, 0, 3) .
Hence, find the coordinates of the point where the line intersects the plane x  2y  3z  26 .

22. Find the point of intersection between the following two lines.
y2
L1 : x  2   z  3 and L2 : 2 i  3 j  4k  t ( i  4 j  2k )
3      

23. Given nonzero vectors p and q are perpendicular. Prove that

2 2 2
(a) p  q  p  q (3 marks)
(b) p  q  p  q (4 marks)
[PSPM 13/14]*
24. a. If u and v are non-zero vectors, show that u   u  v   0 . ( 3 marks )
    
b. Find a unit vector perpendicular to u  2 i  3 j  3k and v  2 i  k . ( 4 marks )
      
[PSPM 12/13]
25. Given three vectors a  2 i   j  4k , b  j  3k and c  5i  6 j  2k . Find the value of  such that
          
a. a is perpendicular to b .
 
b. a  b  c [PSPM 10/11]
  

26. Given the points A 1, 2, 2  , B  2, 4,6  and C  4,3, 1 . Find the area of triangle ABC. (7 marks)
[PSPM 13/14]
 
27. P, Q and R are three points in space where PQ  a and PR  b . Given
a  2i  2 j  k
b  i  2 j  2k
a. Find the area of the triangle PQR. (4 marks)
b. Find the parametric equations of the line L passing through the point R  2,0,3 and parallel to
vector a . (4 marks).
c. If u   b a  a b  and v   a b  b a  , evaluate u  v. Hence, interpret the geometrical
relationship between u and v . (5 marks)
[PSPM 11/12]

28. Given that points A(1,3,1) , B (4, 1, 2) , C (12, 0,1) and D(0, 2, 0) Find
a. a vector equation of the line AB .
b. an equation of the plane ABC in the Cartesian form
c. the acute angle between the plane ABC and the plane ABD [PSPM 10/11]

23
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 5 VECTORS
QUESTIONS

x  2 y z 1
29. Given the point P (4, 2, 3) , the straight line L :   and the plane  : 2 x  y  2 z  9 .
4 3 5
Find
a. an acute angle between the straight line L and the plane  . ( 3 marks )
b. an intersection point between the straight line L and the plane  . ( 5 marks )
c. a Cartesian equation of the plane containing the point P and the straight line L. ( 5 marks )
[PSPM 11/12]

x  2 y  3 z 1
30. Given two planes  1 : x  2 y  z  1 ,  2 : 2 x  y  4 z  1 and the straight line L :   .
2 4 5
(a) Find the acute angle between the planes  1 : x  2 y  z  1 and  2 : 2 x  y  4 z  1 . (5 marks)
(b) Write the equation of L in parametric form. Hence, find the intersection point between the
straight line L and the plane  2 . (5 marks)
(c) Find a Cartesian equation of the plane which is orthogonal to the straight line L and passes
through the point 1, 2, 3 . (3 marks)
[PSPM 13/14]

31. The plane  1 contains a line L with vector equation r  t j and a point P  3, 1, 2  .
 
a. Find a Cartesian equation of  1 . ( 6 marks )

b. Given a second plane  2 with equation x  2 y  3 z  4 , calculate the angle between 1 and  2 .
( 4 marks )
c. Find a vector equation for the line of intersection of  1 and  2 . ( 5 marks )*
[PSPM 12/13]

24
 FINAL
CHAPTER 5 VECTORS
ANSWER

1 a) 2 i  2k
 
b) 4 i  3 j  2k
b)
1

i  jk
3   

  
c) 4 i  17 j  16k
   13 a) r  i  3 j  7 k  t ( i  2 j  3k )
3      
2 b)    b) r  j  2k  t ( i  j  2k )
2    

3   43.62 14 a) x  5  t , y  2  2t , z  1  6t
b) x  2t , y  2  t , z  1  3t
4 a)  b
2
c) x  1  2t , y  2  t , z  1  t
2 2 d) x  5t , y  1  2t , z  1  4t
b) 2 a  b
 
x 1 y  2 z  3
1 15 a)  
5 a) (6 i  4 j  13k ) 3 1 2
221    x  2 z 1
b) 54.4  b)  , y6
1 2
c) m  2, n  1
16 a) r  (3i  4 j  6k )  1, 3 x  4 y  6 z  1
6 a) 4   
b) r  (4 i  j  11k )  51, 4 x  y  11z  51
b) 12   
c)   72.02 c) r  (5i  j  2k )  20, 5 x  y  2 z  20
  
d) r  (7 i  2 j  4k )  3,  7 x  2 y  4 z  3
  
7 a  b  22
 
3 2 3 17 a) 60.5
cos   , cos   , cos  
22 22 22 b) 40.2
a b  3 2 c) 42.39
  d) 83.74
1 4 1
cos   , cos    , cos   
3 2 3 2 3 2
18 56.44
8 a) 11i  9 j  5k
   19 a) 8.36
b) 227
b) 75.32
1 c) 44.71
9  (5i  8 j  7k )
23   
d) 6.5
10 3( 2  4) i  (4   2 )k ,   2 20 a) (4, 0,9)
 
  2 , a and b are in the same direction. b) (0, 4,1)
  2 , a and b are in opposite direction.
21 x  1  3t , y  2  2t , z  3  6t
11 2 i  j  5k (7, 6,15)
  
2 1 5
a) i j k 22 a) (1, 1, 2)
30  30  30 
1 23 Shown
b) 30 unit 2
2
24 a) Shown
12 a) 4 3 unit 2 3 i  8 j  6 k 3i  8 j  6k
b)    or   
109 109

25
 FINAL
CHAPTER 5 VECTORS
ANSWER

25 a)   12
b)   3

26 21.4359 / 21.4360 units 2

1
27 a) 65 unit 2
2
b) x  2  2t , y  2t , z  3  t
c) u  v  0 , u and v are perpendicular

28 a) r  ( i  3 j  k )  t (3i  4 j  k )
     
b) 3 x  11 y  35 z  71
c) 50.22

29 a) 45
b)  2, 3, 4 
c) 2 x  y  z  3

30 a) 69.1
 3
b) x  2  2t , y  3  4t , z  1  5t , 1, 5,  
 2
c) 2 x  4 y  5 z  5

31 a) 2 x  3 z  0
b)121.25o or 58.75o
c) r  2 i  t (6 i  9 j  4k )
   

26
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTION
QUESTION

6.1 Introduction to Data

1 The results of forty-one students Math’s test are recorded below.

31 49 19 62 50 24 45 23 51 32
48 55 60 40 35 54 26 57 37 43
65 50 55 18 53 41 50 34 67 56
44 4 54 57 39 52 45 35 51 63
42

a. Is the variable discrete or continuous?

b. Prepared an ordered stem and leaf for the data.
c. By turning the stem and leaf on its side ( or rotating the page 90 degrees left), describe the
distribution’s main feature such as:
 number of peaks,
 symmetry, and
 value at the centre of the distribution.

6.2 Measure of Location

2 The number of accidents in a town within the first eleven days in a month are 9, y, 11, x, 2, 7, 7, 9, 7,
9, 8. If the mode is 9 and the sample mean is 8, find the values of x and y. Hence,

a. determine the median, first and third quartiles.

b. find the percentage of days that the number of accidents is less than the mean.

3 A data is given as follow:

36, 10, 36, 21, 43, 41, 44, 95, 54, 66, 78, 79, 55, 68, 62, 85, 52, 83, 72, 76, 77, 64

a. Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram and hence, comment on the data distribution.

b. Find the mean, median and mode of the data.
c. Find the first, third quartiles and interquartile of the data.

4 The weights (in kg) to the nearest integer of ten lecturers in a college are given as follows:

51, 74, 59, 59, w, 51, 60, 70, w + 8, 56

where w is an integer. If the mean weight is 65 kg, determine the value of

w. Hence, find the mode and the 80th percentile.
[6 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

5 The following data give the weights (in pounds) lost by 15 members of a health club at the end of
two months after joining the club. Construct the box-and-whisker plot. Is the data symmetric or
skewed?
5 10 8 7 25 12 5 14
11 10 21 9 8 11 18

27
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTION
QUESTION

6 The following data give the numbers of new cars sold at a dealership during a 20-day period. Make a
box-and-whisker plot. Comment on the data obtained.

30 11 23 22 19 7 22 40 22 24
26 17 18 19 24

7 The following is the stem-and-leaf diagram for a sample of heights (in cm) of a type of herbal plant.
All observations are integers.

13 0 6
14 5 8 8
15 0 2 5 8
16 0 6 8 8
17 1 5
19 2
23 0

a. Calculate the mean. [2 marks]

b. Find the values of the median, first and third quartiles. [4 marks]
c. Construct the box-and-whiskers plot and comment on the data distribution. [6 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

8 The following table shows the marks of 120 students.

Marks Frequency
0 < x  20 9
20 < x  40 29
40 < x  60 42
60 < x  80 26
80 < x  100 14

a. Find the mean, median, mode, first quartile, third quartile and interquartile range for the
following data.
b. Calculate the mark required to gain a distinction if the top 10% of the students are awarded a
distinction.

9 An experiment is carried out on the rearing of cows. The mass gain (in kilograms) for 100 cows
during a certain period is recorded in the following table.

Mass gain(kg ), x 5–9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34

Relative frequency 0.03 0.28 0.37 0.16 0.14 0.02

Calculate
a. the mean, median and the first quartile.
b. the value of x so that 35% of the data is higher than x.

28
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTION
QUESTION

10 The following table shows the frequency distribution of the number of children at a childcare center
according to their ages (in years).

Age Frequency

1.0 – 2.0 12

2.0 – 3.0 8

3.0 – 4.0 2

4.0 – 5.0 4

5.0 – 6.0 10

(a) Calculate the mean, mode and median.

Hence, state the shape of the distribution of the data and give your reason. [8 marks]

(b) Calculate and interpret the value of the third quartile. [3 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

6.3 Measures of Dispersions

36
11 A set of numbers {1, 6, 3, 2, 8, 5, x, y} has mean of 4 and variance of .
7
Show that x  y  7 and hence find the values of x and y .

12 The summary statistics of the length (in cm) of a sample of 50 adult insects of a certain species is as
follows.
x  45, x 2  81
Calculate the mean and variance. [4 marks]
[PSPM 10/11]

13 The mean and median of the ordered sample data 1, 2, 4, 7, x, y ,11, 12, 15, 2 y are 8.7 and 8.5
respectively. Determine the values of x and y . Hence, find the variance. [6 marks]
[PSPM 12/13]

14 The table below shows the hourly wages of 15 workers in a factory. The mean wage of 15 workers
from the factory is RM12.

Wage (RM) 6 9 m 15 18
Frequency 2 3 4 5 1

a. Find the value of m and standard deviation of the height of the 15 workers, giving your answers
correct to 3 significant figures.
b. If the manager of the factory decides to increase the wage of each worker by 20%, find the new
standard deviation and comment on the result.

29
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTION
QUESTION

15 The following table shows the time (to the nearest minute) spent reading during a particular day (for
a group of school children).

Number of
Time (x)
children
10  x < 15 8
15  x < 20 15
20  x < 25 K
25  x < 30 18
30  x < 35 12
35  x < 40 7
40  x < 45 5

457
If the mean of the time of a group of school children spend reading is minutes, determine the
18
value of K and standard deviation for the above data.

16
x 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
Frequency 12 14 20 36 41 28 19

a. Find the mean, median and standard deviation of the distribution. Hence, calculate the
Pearson’s coefficient of skewness and comment on the result obtained.
b. Sketch the shape of the distribution.

17 The following table shows the cumulative frequency distribution table for the weight of 50 students.

Weight (kg) Cumulative frequency

Less than 35 0
Less than 40 3
Less than 45 12
Less than 50 33
Less than 55 46
Less than 60 50

a. Determine mean, mode and standard deviation of the weight.

b. Calculate the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the distribution. Hence, interpret the
distribution.
c. Sketch the shape of the distribution.

30
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTION
QUESTION

18 The time given (in minutes) used by 120 students surfing the internet to perform a certain project is
given in the following relative cumulative frequency table.

Time ( x ), in minutes Relative cumulative frequency

x0 0
3
x  20
40
19
x  40
60
2
x  60
3
53
x  80
60
x  100 1

Find
a. The median and mean. [6 marks]
b. Pearson's skewness coefficient and comment on the value obtained. [4 marks]
[PSPM 10/11]

19 The frequency distribution of the age (in years) of 80 patients in a clinic is given in the table below.

Age 10 – 15 15 – 20 20 – 25 25 - 30 30 - 35 35 – 40
Number of
5 15 24 18 10 8
Patients

Find the mean and mode. Hence, calculate and interpret Pearson’s coefficient of skewness given that
the standard deviation is 6.798 years. [7 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

20 The following table gives the cumulative frequency distribution for the weights (kg) of
fifty hampers during a festival at a supermarket.

Weight (kg) Cumulative frequency

< 2.5 0
< 5.5 5
< 8.5 15
< 11.5 28
< 14.5 40
< 17.5 50

a. Find the mean, median and standard deviation. [7 marks]

b. Hence, calculate the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness and interpret your answer. [3 marks]
c. State with reason whether mean or median is a better measure of location. [1 mark]
[PSPM 12/13]

31
 FINAL
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTION
ANSWER

12. Mean = 0.9, variance, s 2  0.8265

1. a. Discrete
b. Refer lecturer 13. x  8, y  9, variance s 2  30.23
c. – has a single peak in the 50s interval.
– negatively skewed 14. a. m =12, s = 3.59
– centre is 48 b. s = 4.30, disperse more compare the
previous wage.
2. x  9 and y  10 or x  10 and y  9
a. Median = 9, Q1  7 , Q3  9 15. a. K= 25 s = 7.97
b. 36.36%
16. a. Mean = 59.12, median = 65, s= 16.84
3. a. Refer lecturer , negatively skewed S k  1.05 , negatively skewed.
b. Mean=58.95, median=63, mode=36 b. Refer to lecturer.
c. Q1  43 , Q3  77 , Interquartile = 34
17. a. Mean = 48.1, mode = 48, s= 5.01
4. w  81, Mode  51 and 59, b. S k  0.02 , positively skewed.
80th percentile  77.5 c. Refer to lecturer.

5. Refer lecturer, positively skewed 18. a. Median  50.48 , mean  51.17

b. s 2  492.75 , s  22.20
6. Refer lecturer, negatively skewed, Pearson Coefficient Skewness  0.0932
outliers = 7 , 40
19. Mean = 24.8125, mode = 23, Pearson
7. a. Mean = 161.88 coefficient skewness  0.267 , the distribution
b. Median = 158, first quartile = 148, third is positively skewed.
quartile = 169.5
c. Refer to lecturer, the data is skewed to 20. a. Mean = 10.72, median = 10.81,
the right. standard deviation = 3.812
b. Pearson coefficient skewness = -0.071
8. a. Mean = 51.17, median = 50.48, slightly skewed to the left / slightly
mode = 48.97, Q1  34.48 , Q3  67.69 negatively skewed.
interquartile = 33.21 c. median because data has small skewness.
b. 82.86%

9. a. Mean = 17.8, median = 17.07,

Q1  13.43
b. The 65th percentile = 19.09

118 7 11
10. a) Mean  , Mode  , Median 
36 4 4

Mode < median < mean

skewed to the right / positively skewed
b) P75  5.1
75% of the children are at most 5.1 years.

11. x  4, y  3 or x  3, y  4

32
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
QUESTION

7.1 PERMUTATIONS

1 There are three letters, A, B and C. How many ways can the letters be arranged?

2 How many different arrangements can be made with the letters in the word MATRIX?

3 Five members of a social organization have volunteered to serve as officers to take positions as
President, Assistant President, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer and Secretary. In how many ways can
the five members assume the position?

4 a. In how many ways can four persons take their seats in a row?
b. In how many ways can five people be lined up for a photograph?

5 A certain password consists of 6 digits. Find the number of possible ways this password can be formed
if all digits can be repeated?

6 How many arrangements are there of the letters in the words:

i. PERMUTATION
ii. COLLEGE
iii. CHALLENGER

7 How many arrangements can be made from all the letters of MATRIKULASI if

a. it begins with T b. it begins with T and ends with M

8 There are eight competitors in the final of a 200m race. The first three competitors to complete the
course will all receive medals. Calculate the number of different possible groups of medal winners.

9 Given the word PERINGKAT,

a. How many arrangements can be made if all the letters are used?
b. In how many ways can 4 letters be chosen and arranged beginning with the letter N?
c. In how many ways can 4 letters be chosen and arranged containing the letter A?

10 The letters in the word MELON are arranged in a row. Find the number of arrangements in which the
consonants alternate with the vowels.

11 Given the digits 6, 7, 8, 9,

a. How many four number digits can be formed if there’s no repetition of digits?
b. How many four number digits can be formed if repetition is allowed?
c. How many four number digits between 6000 and 7000 can be formed if repetition is allowed?

12 Four married couples bought 8 tickets in a row for a concert. In how many ways can they be seated if
a. there is no restriction.
b. each couple sits together.
c. all the men are seated together with all the women on their right?

13 In how many ways can first 5 prizes be rewarded to 15 students if each student is entitled to only one
prize?

33
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
QUESTION

14 From 8 qualified entrants of a competition, find the number of ways of giving away 3 prizes to
a. 3 winners.
b. the first, second and third prize winners.

15 Eight people, of whom P, Q, and R are three of them, arrange themselves in a straight line. In how
many ways can this be done if
a. P and Q must not be together,
b. P, Q and R must not be together.

7.2 COMBINATIONS

16 In how many ways can a tennis team of six be chosen from a squad of eight players?

17 Find the number of selections of 4 letters that can be made from the letters in the word INTEGRAL.
How many of these selections do not contain a vowel?

18 You are planning a small garden. You have found six bushes that you would like, but only has room
to plant four of them. You have also seen 10 border plants, but there is only space for eight of them.
How many different ways can you plant your garden?

19 Ten distinct points each 1 cm apart are collinear. One other point is not collinear with these ten
points. How many triangles can be drawn using these points as vertices?

20 How many ways can three balls be chosen randomly from a bag of 8 red balls, 3 white balls and 9 blue
balls if

a. all are red.

b. all are white.
c. two balls are red and one is white.
d. one ball for each colour.

21 An art gallery has a total of 11 paintings by a particular artist; of these, 5 are oil paintings and 6 are
water colour paintings. The art gallery is asked to provide a special exhibition of this artist’s work but
it is restricted to showing only five of the paintings. Calculate the number ways in which the five
paintings can be selected for the exhibition if:

a. there are no restrictions.

b. one particular painting must be included.
c. there must be exactly three watercolour paintings.
d. there must be more watercolour paintings than oil paintings.

22 The parent-teacher’s association committee of a school consisting of 6 members is to be formed from

7 parents, 4 teachers and the principal. In how many ways can the committee be formed so that it
includes

a. the principal.
b. exactly 3 parents.
c. not more than 3 parents.

34
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
QUESTION

23 An Ad-hoc committee consisting of 4 members is chosen from 5 lecturers and 3 students. Find the
number of ways if the committee is made up of

a. 2 lecturers and 2 students.

b. not more than 3 lecturers.
c. at least one lecturer and one student.
d. all lecturers.
e. one particular lecturer and one particular student.

24 A delegation of 4 persons shall be formed from 5 married couples. Find the number of ways the
delegation can be chosen if it consists of
a. 2 couples.
b. at least one male and one female.

25 There are 6 routes for traveling from A to B and 4 routes for traveling from B to C. Find the number
of ways a person can travel
a. from A to C via B.
b. from A to C and back to A via B in each trip.
c. from A to C and back to A via B in each trip without taking the same route more than once.

26 For a badminton doubles game, 2 players are chosen from among 5 male and 3 female players to
represent a club. In how many ways can this doubles pair be selected if

a. the team is a mixed double, comprising one male player and one female player.
b. the team is either a male pair or a female pair and no mixed pair is allowed.

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

27 Three boxes A, B and C has identical green and red dice as shown in the following table.

Box
A B C
Colour
Green 4 5 3

Red 5 6 4

a. If all the dice in box A are arranged in a row, in how many different arrangements can this be
done?
b. A die is randomly drawn from each of the boxes. If all dice drawn are of the same colour, in how
many different ways can this be done?
c. Four dice are randomly drawn without replacement from box B. How many different ways can the
dice be drawn such that there are equal number of red and green dice.
d. A die drawn from box A is put into box B. Subsequently, a die drawn from box B is put into box
C. Finally, a die is drawn from box C and the colour is noted. Calculate the probability that the die
drawn from C is green.
[PSPM 10/11]

35
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
QUESTION

28 A team of four members will be formed by selecting randomly from a group consisting of four students
and six lecturers.

Calculate the number of different ways to form a team consisting of

a. no students at all. [2marks]

b. equal number of students and lecturers. [2marks]

c. more students than lecturers. [2 marks]

[PSPM 11/12]

29 Six yellow balls are labeled with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and four red balls are labeled with letters
P, Q, R and S. All the ten balls are similar size. In how many different ways can one

a. arrange all the balls in a straight line such that balls of the same colour are next to each other?
[2marks]

b. choose and arrange equal number of yellow and red balls in a straight line such that balls of the
same colour are next to each other?
[4marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

30 A security code is to be formed by using three alphabets and four digit chosen from the alphabets {a,
b, c, d, e} and digits {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. All the digits and alphabets can only be used once. Find the
number of different ways the security code can be formed if
i. There is no restriction imposed.
[3 marks]
ii. All alphabets are next to each other and all digits are next to each other.
[3 marks]
iii. It consists of at least two consonants.
[5 marks]
31 a) In the final of a science quiz competition, teams A and B sit in rows facing each other. Each team
consists of two females and two males. Find the number of different seating arrangements of all
contestants if
i. In each team, contestants of the same gender request to sit next to each other.
[3 marks]
ii. Contestants of the same gender do not sit next to each other in team A, or in team B contestants
of the same gender sit at both ends of the row.
[3 marks]
b) A test consists of ten true-false questions. How many possible arrangements of answers can be
obtained if
i. All questions must be answered?
[2 marks]
ii. Only six randomly chosen questions must be answered?
[4 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

36
 FINAL
CHAPTER 7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
ANSWER

1. The number of arrangements  6

2. Number of different arrangements  720

3. The number of ways the five members can assume the position = 5!

4. a. Number of arrangements = 24
b. Number of arrangements = 120

5. 1,000,000

6. a. 19958400 b. 1260 c. 907200

7. a. No. of arrangements = 907200

b. No. of arrangements = 90720

8. No. of choosing 3 winners  336

9. a. 362880 b. 336 c. 1344

10. 12

11. a. 24 b. 256 c. 64

12. a. 40320 b. 384 c. 576

13. 360360

14. a. Choose 3 winners = 56

b. Choose the first, 2nd and 3rd winners = 336

15. No. of ways to arrange 8 people  40320

a. P and Q together = 10080
P and Q must not together = 30240
b. P, Q, R are not together = 14400

16. The number of combinations = 28 ways.

17. The number of combinations = 70 selections.

Number of selections which do not contain a vowel (3 vowels are excluded from the 8 letters)  5

18. 675

19. 45 triangles

20. a. 56 ways
b. all are white = 1
c. two balls are red and one is white = 84 ways
d. one ball for each colour = 216 ways

37
 FINAL
CHAPTER 7 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
ANSWER

21. a. there are no restrictions = 462 ways

b. one particular painting must be included
 210
c. there must be exactly three watercolour
paintings = 200 ways
d. there must be more watercolour paintings
than oil paintings = 281 ways

22. a. 462 ways b. 350 c. 462

23. a. 30 b. 65 ways c. 65 ways

d. 5 e. 15 ways

24. a. 10 b. 200 ways

25. a. 24 ways b. 576 c. 360

26. a. 15 ways b. 13 ways

27. a. 126 b. 180

c. 150 d. 0.4317

28. a. 15 b. 90 c. 25
29. a. 34560 b. 23808
30. a. 756000 b. 43200 c.529200
31. a. (i) 64 (ii) 16
b (i) 1024 (ii) 13440

38
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
QUESTION

1 Two fare dice rolled at the same time. Find the probability of getting
a. both numbers are not the same.
b. the sum of two numbers is 6.
c. the product of two numbers is less than 6.

2 How many 7-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4 and 5 if repetition is not
allowed. If one of these numbers is chosen at random, find the probability that it is
a. greater than 4,000,000 b. even number and greater than 4,000,000

3 Six children, Ani, Ana, Anita, Faiz, Fahmi and Farid stand in a line. How many different arrangements
are possible? They stand in random order. Find the probability that:
a. the three girls are next to each other.
b. Ani and Fahmi are next to each other.
c. Ana and Faiz are not next to each other.
d. the three boys stand in alternate order.

4 A bag of fruits contains 8 apples, 3 pears and 5 oranges. Three fruits are chosen at random and without
replacement. Find the probability that:
a. no oranges are chosen. b. all the chosen fruits are different.
c. exactly one orange is chosen. d. two apples and one pear are chosen.

1 1 3
5 Given A and B are two events where P  A  , P  B '  and P  A  B   . Find
2 3 4
a. P  A  B  b. P  A B 
c. P  B A  d. P  A B 

3 2
6 Given P  A  and P  B  
4 3
11
a. If P  A  B   , determine whether A and B are mutually exclusive or independent events or
12
neither.
5
b. If P  A  B   , find P  A  B  .
6

7 5 1
7 If P  X  Y   , P  X   and P  X  Y   . Find
8 8 8
a. P  X  b. P Y  c. P  X  Y 

8 In a group of 30 students, 15 play chess, 10 play snooker and 6 play both. Use Venn diagram to find
the probability that a student chosen at random from the group
a. plays snooker.
b. plays both chess and snooker.
c. plays neither chess nor snooker.

1 3 2
9 The probability of each of three events P, Q and R is , and respectively
5 10 5
a. Given that P, Q and R are mutually exclusive, find the probability that none of them occurs.
b. Given that P, Q and R are independent, find the probability that exactly one of them occurs.

39
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
QUESTION

10 There are 6 marbles in a box where four of them are green and two are blue. Three marbles are taken
one by one from the box without replacement. Find the probability that
a. the first marble is green, the second is blue and the third is green.
b. the second marble is green.
c. the green marbles are more than the blue marbles.
d. at least one blue marble is taken.

11 In a study of genetics, a class used a sample of 100 people to obtain the following information

Male Female Total

Color Blind 4 1 5
Not Color Blind 40 55 95
Total 44 56 100

What is the probability that a person is;

a. colour blind, given that the person is female.
b. colour blind and female.
c. not colour blind given that the person is male.
d. is female given that the person is not color blind.

12 *A survey of 1000 people in London revealed the following voting intentions.

Women Men Total

Conservative 153 130 283
Labour 220 194 414
Liberal Democrat 157 146 303
Total 530 470 1000

A person is chosen at random from the sample. Find the probability that the person chosen:
a. intends to vote Conservative.
b. is a woman intending to vote Labour.
c. is either a woman or intends to vote Conservative or both.
d. is neither a man nor intends to vote Liberal Democrat.
e. is a man and intends to vote either Liberal Democrat or Labour.

13 For married couples the probability that the husband has passed his driving test is 0.7 and the
probability that the wife has passed her driving test is 0.5. The probability that the husband has passed,
14
given that the wife has passed is . Find the probability that, for a randomly chosen married couple,
15
the driving test will have been passed by
a. both of them.
b. only one of them.
c. neither one of them

14 An employee wants to go home early at the end of the working day. To do so, permission must be
sought from the supervisor on duty. Only Hidayah or Erna is on duty and Hidayah is on duty for three-
fifths of the time. The probability Hidayah gives permission is 0.1 and for Erna is 0.05

a. Find the probability that the employee is given permission to go home early.
b. If the employee is given permission to go home early, what is the probability that Hidayah is on
duty.

40
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
QUESTION

15 The staff employed by a college are classified as academic, administrative or support. The table below
shows the numbers employed in these categorise and their gender.

Male Female
Academic 42 28
Administrative 7 13
Support 26 9

A member of staff is selected at random. Find the probability that the person selected is
a. a female.
b. a female and also an academic staff.
c. a female or not an administrative staff.
d. a male given that the person is an administrative staff.

16 The probability of a woman giving birth to a baby boy is 0.6. If the woman give birth to 3 children,
find the probability that
a. the number of sons exceeds the number of daughters. [3 marks]
b. all the three children are of the same gender. [3 marks]
[PSPM 07/08]

17 The probability that a student passes Mathematics is 0.4. If the student passes Mathematics, the
probability that the student will pass Physics is 0.7. If the student fails Mathematics, the probability
the student will pass Physics is 0.63.

a. Calculate the probability that the student passes

i. Physics. [2 marks]
ii. Mathematics if the student passes Physics. [2 marks]
b. Determine whether the events of a student passing Mathematics and Physics are independent.
[2 marks]
[PSPM 07/08]

18 A total of 400 new students at a college were interviewed to find out if they either receive a scholarship,
loan or no financial aid. There are 150 male students, of which 50 receive loan and 70 do not receive
any financial aid. One hundred female students receive scholarship. There are 140 students who do not
receive any financial aid.
If a new student is selected at random, calculate the probability that the student is a;

a. female or a scholarship recipient. [3 marks]

b. loan recipient if it is known that the student is a female. [3 marks]
c. male who is a scholarship recipient or a female who receives a loan. [3 marks]
d. female or non-scholarship recipient. [3 marks]
[PSPM 08/09]

41
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
QUESTION

19 Given two events A and B with

1 3 1
P  B   , P  A  B   , P  B A 
3 4 4
Find
a. P  A [4 marks]

b. P B A  [2 marks]
[PSPM 09/10]

20 In a class of 15 students of which 7 are males, 5 students wear spectacles. There are 3 male students
who wear spectacles. Four students are chosen at random. Find the probability that

a. all females are chosen. [2 marks]

b. equal number of males and females who wear spectacles are chosen. [2 marks]
c. all males are chosen if it is known that they all do not wear spectacles. [2 marks]
d. more students who do not wear spectacles are chosen if it is known that they are females.
[3 marks]
e. all females or students who do not wear spectacles are chosen. [3 marks]
[PSPM 09/10]

21 In a chess tournament between A and B, the probability A wins is 0.2, B wins is 0.5 and the probability
of a draw is 0.3. If A and B are meet in three games, calculate the probability that

a. two games are draw. [4 marks]

b. A and B win alternately. [3 marks]
c. either A or B wins all the games. [3 marks]
d. B wins at least two games. [3 marks]
[PSPM 10/11]

22 Given P  A   0.5, P  B   0.6 and P  A  B   0.8 . Calculate the probability that both events A and
B occur. Hence, verify that A and B are independent events. [6 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

23 It is found that 30% of the population of an island are overweight. Among the overweight, the
probability of those who do not have any chronic illness is 0.4 and among those who are not
overweight, the probability that they do not have any chronic illness is 0.65.

Draw a tree diagram to represent the given information. [2 marks]

a. Hence, if a person is randomly chosen from that population, find the probability that he
i. does not have any chronic illness. [2 marks]
ii. is overweight knowing that he does not have any chronic illness. [2 marks]

b. If two persons are randomly chosen from the population, find the probability that

i. both of them do not have any chronic illness. [2 marks]

ii. only one of them has chronic illness. [2 marks]
iii. at least one of them does not have any chronic illness. [2 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]

42
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
QUESTION

24 A box consists of five grape-flavoured sweets and and four strawberry-flavoured sweets. All the sweets
are of the same size. A child chooses at random four sweets from the box. Find the probability that
a. all sweets are of the same flavor. [3 marks]
b. less than three sweets are strawberry-flavoured. [4 marks]
[PSPM 12/13]
25 Every years two teams, Unggul and Bestari meets each other in a debate competition. Past results show
that in years when Unggul win, the probability of them winning the next year is 0.6 and in years when
Bestari win, the probability of them winning the next year is 0.5. it is not possible for the competition
to result in a tie. Unggul won the competition in 2011.
a. Construct a probability tree diagram for the three years up to 2014. [2 marks]
b. Find the probability that Bestari will win in 2014. [3 marks]
c. If Bestari wins in 2014, find the probability that it will be their first win for at least three
years. [3 marks]
d. Assuming that Bestari wins in 2014, find the smallest value of n such that the probability of
Unggul wins the debate competition for n consecutive years after 2014 is less than 0.05.
[5 marks]
*[PSPM 12/13]

26 The events A and B are independents with P( A)  x, P( B)  x  0.3 and P( A  B)  0.04. Determine
the value of x. Hence, find P( A  B) '. [6 marks ]
[PSPM 13/14]

27 The probability that a person is a carrier of thalassemia is 0.03. if a person is actually a carrier, the
probability a medical diagnostic test will give a positive result, indicating he is a carrier, is 0.92. if the
person is actually not a carrier, the probability of a positive result is 0.03.
Draw a tree diagram to represent the given information.
a. A medical diagnostic test is said to be efficient if 5% of the time it gives a correct positive
result. Determine if the test is efficient. [3 marks]
b. Find the probability that the test gives a negative result. [2 marks]
c. What is the probability that the diagnostic test gives the negative result and the person tested
is not a carrier? [2 marks]
d. Two persons who took the test are randomly chosen. What is the probability that both give
positive results? [3 marks]
[PSPM 13/14]

43
 FINAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
ANSWER

5 5 5 14. a. 0.08 b. 0.75

1. a. b. c. 2 28
6 36 18 15. a. b.
2. 630 5 125
3 5 118 7
a. b. c. d.
7 21 125 20
3. 720
1 1 16. a. 0.648 b. 0.28
a. b.
5 3
329
2 1 17. a. i. or 0.658
c. d. 500
3 10
20
33 3 ii. or 0.426
4. a. b. 47
112 14
b. not independent
55 3
c. d.
112 20 8
5 5 18. a. 0.7 b.
5. a. b. 25
12 8 11 37
1 3 c. d.
c. d. 40 40
2 8
5 9
6. a. A and B are independent events 19. a. b.
9 16
1
b.
6 2 1 1
20. a. b. c.
39 455 210
3 5 1 11 53
7. a. b. c. d. e.
8 8 4 14 273

1 1 11 21. a. 0.189 b. 0.07

8. a. b. c.
3 5 30 c. 0.133 d. 0.5
22. P(A∩B) = 0.3 since P(A∩B) = P(A)·P(B),
9. a. 0.1 b. 0.452
therefore A and B are independent.
1 2 23. a. (i) 0.575 (ii). 0.209
10. a. b.
5 3 b. (i). 0.331 (ii). 0.489
4 4
c. d. (iii). 0.819
5 5
24. a. 0.0476 b. 0.8333
1 1 25. b. 0.444 c. 0.3243
11. a. b.
56 100 d. n = 6
10 11
c. d. 26. x  0.1;0.54
11 19
27. a. 0.0567; the test is efficient
12. a. 0.283 b. 0.22 c. 0.66 b. 0.9433
d. 0.373 e. 0.34
7 4 4 c. 0.9409
13. a. b. c.
15 15 15 d. 0.0032

44
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

Discrete Random Variables

x2
1 Show that P ( X  x )  for x = 1,2,3,4,5 is a probability distribution function of a discrete random
55
variable X. Hence, find
a. P( X  3) b. P( X  2) c. P( X  4)
d. P (1  X  5) e. P (2  X  4) f. P (1  X  3)

2 The discrete random variable X has probability function

 kx
 x2  1 , x  2,3


 2kx
P( X  x )   , x  4,5
 x 1
2



 0 , otherwise

20
a. Show that the value of k is .
33
b. Find the probability that X is less than 3 or greater than 4.
c. Determine P  X  3  1 and P X  4.5 .

3 T   0, 1, 2, 3, 4 is a discrete random variable with the probability distribution function as

below :
 a , t  0, 1

P T  t    a  b , t2
 b , t  3, 4

5
Given that P T  2   , find the values of a and b . Hence, sketch the probability distribution
9
function above.

4 The cumulative distribution function of a discrete random variable X is given as

0 , x0
 1
 , 0  x 1
 10
 3
 , 1 x  2
 10
F ( x)  
2 , 2 x3
5
9
 , 3 x4
10
 1 , x4
a. Calculate P2  X  3 and P1  X  4 .
b. Find the probability distribution of X .

45
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

5 A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:

x 1 2 3 4
1 1 11 1
P X  x
4 8 24 6

a. Calculate P  X  3 .
b. Find the cumulative distribution function, F x and sketch the graph of y  F (x) .
c. Sketch the probability distribution function.
d. Find the median and mode.

6 The discrete random variable X has the probability distribution shown in the table below:

x 2 4 6
P X  x 0.3 0.6 0.1

Calculate:
a. E  X  b. E  3 X  2  c. E  5  X 
d. Var  X  d. Var  8  X  e. Var  5 X  3

7 A discrete random variable X can take any one of five possible values and has the following
probability distribution. Find

x 0 2 5 8 n
P X  x 0.1 0.25 0.2 2p p

a. the value of p
b. the value of n , given that E X   5.7
 
c. E X 2 and the variance of X .

8 Given that X is a discrete random variable and k is a constant. If E  3 X  k   26 and

E  2k  X   3 , find E  X  .

9 The cumulative probability distribution function of a discrete random variable X is

0 , x  1
1
 , 1  x  2
6
 2
P( X  x)   , 2 x4
3
5
6 , 4  x  6

 1 , x6
a. Construct the probability distribution table of X. [3 marks]

b. Calculate Var(X). [4 marks]

[PSPM 10/11]

46
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

10 A nurse works five days in a week. The number of days in a week she works overtime is a discrete
random variable X with probability function
k , x  0,1, 2
 3 3x  1 ,

 k ( x  2), , x  3, 4
f ( x)   3
k
  x  1 , x5
3

1
where k is constant. Show that k = . [3 marks]
5

a. Find the probability she works overtime everyday in a week. [2 marks]

b. Calculate the probability that she will be work overtime for at least three days in a week.
[2 marks]

c. Determine the most likely number of days in week she will work overtime. [2 marks]

d. Find the expected number of day in week she will work overtime. Hence, evaluate E(3X+1).
[3 marks]
[PSPM11/12]

11 A discrete random variable X has a probability distribution function

 25 x x  1, 2, 3, 4
 ,
p( x)   32
 k , x=5


where k is a constant.

1
a. Show that k  . [2 marks]
16

b. Find P (1  X  3) . [2 marks]

c. Calculate the mean of X and hence, calculate E(2X – 3). [4 marks]

d. Find the variance of X and hence, calculate Var(9 - 2X). [5 marks]

[PSPM12/13]

47
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

12 The probability distribution function of a discrete random variable X is given as follows:

X 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X=x) 1 1 3 2 5 3
k k k k k k

where k is a constant. Determine the value of k. Hence, calculate Var 2 X  1 [7 marks]

[PSPM13/14]

13 The number of vehicles owned by residents on a housing estate X is a discrete random variable with

probability distribution function

 1
, x0
 120
f ( x)   x
 , x  1,2,3,4
 ( x  1)!

a. Verify that f(x) is a probability distribution function. [2 marks]

b. Find the probability that a resident has more than 2 vehicles. [2 marks]

c. Find the cumulative distribution function for X and hence determine the median. [5 marks]

d. Let Y  30 X  10 be the monthly fee (in RM) imposed by a security company. Find the expected

amount of monthly fee to be paid. [3 marks]

[PSPM13/14]

Continuous Random Variables

14 The continuous random variable X has probability density function f x where
 1
 , 0  x 1
4

 3
f ( x)    3  x  , 1  x  3
 8
 0 , otherwise



a. Sketch the probability density function.

b. Find P  0.5  X  1.5  .
c. Find P  X  2  .
d. Find the cumulative distribution function, F(x).

48
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

15 The continuous random variable W has probability density function g ,given by

 aw  b , 0 w4
g W   
 bw  a , 4  w5
23
Find the values of a and b if it is given that P 2  W  4   . Hence, find
51
a. P  W  3  ,
39
b. value of u if P W  u   .
68

16 A continuous random variable X has cumulative distribution function

 0 , x0
 1 2 3
F ( x)   x  x ,0  x  4
 40 20
 1 ,x  4
a. Sketch the cumulative distribution function of X.
b. Find P ( X  2) and P (0.2  X  3.5) .
c. Find and sketch the probability density function.

17 The continuous random variable X has probability density function

 1 x
 6 , 1 x  3
f ( x)  

 0 , otherwise.
a. Sketch the probability density function of X .
b. Calculate the mean of X .
c. Find the cumulative distribution function, F  x and sketch its graph.
1
d. Find m such that P X  m  .
2

18 A continuous random variable X has probability density function f x given by:
 2 1  x  , 0  x  1,
f ( x)  
 0 , otherwise
Find:
a. E  X 
b. Var  X 
c. P  X  E ( X ) 

19 The continuous random variable X has probability density function given by

3
 (1  x )
2
f ( x)   8 , 1  x  1
 0 , otherwise

a. Sketch the graph of y  f ( x)
b. Find E  X 
c. Show that  2  0.4
d. Find P    X   

49
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

20 A continuous random variable, Y has a probability density function

c(3  y 2 ) , 0  y  2
f ( y)  
 0 , otherwise

3 3
Show that c  and E (Y )  . [5 marks]
10 5
Hence,
a. calculate P (Y  E (Y )) . [3 marks]
b. determine the mode of the distribution. [2 marks
c. show that the median, m of the distribution satisfies the equation m  9m  5  0 . [3 marks]
3

[PSPM 10/11]

21 The continuous random variable X has the cumulative distribution function,

0, x  0,

F ( x)  a x 3  3 x 2 , 0  x  1,
1, otherwise


where a is constant. Show that a = 4. [2 marks]

Hence,

a. Calculate the mean and variance of X. [6 marks]

 1
b. Find P  X  E ( X )   [2 marks]
 10 

c. If Y = 4X – 3, find the E(Y) and Var(X). [5 marks]

[PSPM11/12]

22 A continuous random variable, Y has a probability density function

6
 5 x, 0  x  1,

6
f ( x)   (2  x) 2 , 1  x  2,
5
0, otherwise.


a. Find the cumulative distribution function of X. [5 marks]

b. Find

i. P (0.5  X  1.5) [2 marks]

ii. P ( X  1.5) [2 marks]

c. Calculate the median of X correct to three decimal places. [3 marks]

[PSPM12/13]

50
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
QUESTION

23 The time for patients to experience complications in a week after heart surgery, X is a continuous

random variable with probability density function given by

 a(1  x), 0  x  1
f ( x)  
 0, otherwise

where a is a constant. Show that a = 2. [2 marks]

Hence, find the

a. Cumulative distribution function of X and estimate its median. [4 marks]

b. Mean and variance of X. Calculate Var(3-2X). [7 marks]

[PSPM13/14]

51
 FINAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
ANSWER

9 10 6 4
1. a. b. c. 10. a.
55 11 11 15
54 13 14 7
d. e. f. b.
55 55 55 15
1
c. mode = 2 P ( x  2) 
49 3
2. b.
99 43 48
d. E ( X )  E (3 X  1) 
2 25 15 5
c. ,
11 99
3 31 7
1 2 11. b. c. ,
3. a  , b  4 16 8
9 9 367 367
d. ,
256 64
1 7
4. a. ,
2 10 12. k = 15 ; 8.64

b. 19
13. b.
x 0 1 2 3 4 120
P(X=x) 1 2 1 5 1
 0, x0
10 10 10 10 10  1
 , 0  x 1
120
5  61 , 1 x  2

5. a.
6 c. F  x   120 ; median = 1
101
b.  , 2 x3
120
X 1 2 3 4  29 ,
 30 3 x4
F(x) 1 3 5 1
 1, x 1
4 8 6 
d. 60.25
d. median = 3, mode = 3
29 3
14. b. c.
6. a. 3.6 b. 12.8 64 16
c. 1.4 d. 1.44  0 ,x  0
e. 1.44 f. 36  1
 x ,0  x  1
d. F ( x)   4
7. a. 0.15 3x x 11
b. 12  (3  )  ,1  x  3
c. 46.8 , 14.31  8 2 6
 1 ,x  3
8. 7
1 1
15. a  , b
18 17
9. a. 29
a. b. u  3
x -1 2 4 6 68
P(x) 1 1 1 1
6 2 6 6 2 3201
16. b. , 0.80025 @
5 4000
55  1
b. ( x  3) 0  x  4
12 c. f ( x)   20
 0 otherwise

52
 FINAL
CHAPTER 9 RANDOM VARIABLES
ANSWER

1 22. a.
17. b. 2
9 0, x  0,
 0 , x 1 3
 1  x2 , 0  x  1,
 5
c. F ( x)   ( x  3)( x  1) , 1  x  3 F ( x)  
 12 1  2 (2  x)3 , 1  x  2,
 1 , x3  5
1 x2
d. 2.1623 
b. i) 0.8 ii) 0.05 c. 0.913
1 1 4
18. a. b. c.
3 18 9
 0, x0

23. a. F  x   2 x  x , 0  x  1
2

19. b. 0 d. 0.54  1,
 x 1
Median = 0.2928
20. a. 0.4816 b. y  0
1 1
b. mean  ; Var  X   ;
2 19 3 18
21. a. E ( X )  Var ( X ) 
5 350 Var 3  2 X   0.224
b.0.664
7 152
c. E (Y )  Var (Y ) 
5 175

53
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
QUESTION

BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
1. If W ~ B  20,0.25  , determine the following probability.
a. P W  3 b. P W  5  c. P W  4 
d. P W  6  e. P  4  W  9  f. P  5  W  10 
g. P  5  W  11 h. P  7  W  10 

2. A dice is thrown 4 times. Find the probability that there are:

a. Exactly two sixes b. At least two sixes

3. A fair dice is thrown 4 times. Find the probability of obtaining the number 6.
a. Exactly 2 times.
b. More than 2 times.
c. At least 3 times.

4. A fair coin is tossed seven times. Find the probability of getting

a. Heads in all the 7 tosses,
b. Tails in not more than 3 tosses,
c. Tails in 4 or more tosses.

5. A multiple choice test consists of 40 questions. There are five choices for each question and only one
choice is correct. A candidate made a random guess for each question. Find the probability that the
candidate
a. Will answer all question wrongly
b. Will get more than 10 questions correct.

6. 65% of the population of a town is over 20 years old. If a random sample of 30 people is taken, find
the probability that it will have at least 18 people over 20 years old.

7. In a class, there are 18 students wearing spectacles. n students are randomly selected from the class.
Given that the mean and the standard deviation of the number of selected students wearing are 3.6 and
1.2 respectively, find
a. The value of n ,
b. The total number of students in the class.

8. In a Youth Club, the expected number of people who can play a musical instrument is 4 and the
variance is 3.2. Find the probability that:
a. Five people can play a musical instrument
b. Less than six people can play a musical instrument

54
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
QUESTION

THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION

9. The random variable Y ~ P0 1.0  . Find

a. P  Y  7  b. P Y  4 
c. P Y  5  d. P Y  3

10. If X ~ P0  5.5  , find

a. P  X  7  b. P  X  0  c. P  X  11
d. P  X  3 e. P  X  5  f. P  X  8 

11. Find the values of a, b, c and d given that X ~ P0  2.5 

a. P  X  a   0.8912 b. P  X  b   0.5438
c. P  X  c   0.9997 d. P  X  d   0.0420

12. The number of swimming accidents per week at a particular stretch of coastline is a Poisson variable
with parameter 3.
a. Find the probability that in any one week chosen at random exactly two swimming accidents
occur.
b. Find the probability that in any four-week period there are fewer than four swimming accidents.

13. In a particular document there is an average of eight typing errors per page. Find the probability that
a. On a certain page there are fewer than four typing errors.
b. On a half-page section there are six typing errors.

14. The average number of cars which stop at a petrol station is 36 per hour. By assuming that the number
of cars which stop at the petrol station follows a Poisson distribution, find the probability that
a. No cars stop at the petrol station in an interval of 10 minutes.
b. More than 3 cars stop at the petrol station in an interval of 10 minutes.
c. More than 5 cars stop at the petrol station in an interval of 20 minutes.
d. Less than 2 cars stop at the petrol station in an interval of 5 minutes.

15. *A randomly chosen dentist examines, on average, 2 cases of a broken tooth per year, and each case
is independent of other similar cases.

a.
i. Assume that a month represents one twelfth of a year, show that the probability that, between
them, two such dentists examine no cases of a broken tooth is 0.717, correct to 3 significant
figures.
ii. Find the variance of the number of cases seen by two such dentists in a period of 1 year 6
months.

b. Find the probability that between them, two such dentists examine at least 3 cases in a year.

55
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
QUESTION

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

16. Find the following probabilities

a. If X ~ N  5,1 , find P  X  6.5 
b. If X ~ N  65,81 , find P  53  X  72 
c. If X ~ N  25, 25  , find P 19  X  24 

17. Using Z ~ N  0,1 , find k such that

a.  
P z  k  0.85  
b. P z  k  0.1

18. If X ~ B  200,0.7  , use the normal approximation to find

a. P  X  130  b. P 136  X  148  c. P  X  142 
d. P  X  152  e. P 141  X  146 

19. The mass, M grams, of a batch of commutative coins is such that M ~ N  50,9  . Each coin is
weighed individually before packaging and will be rejected if it’s mass less than 47g. What
percentage of coins would you expect to be rejected?

20. The masses of loaves of bread produced by Delight Company have a normal distribution with mean
400 g and standard deviation 18 g. find the probability that a loaf of bread chosen at random will have
a mass of
a. More than 450 g or less than 380 g.
b. Between 360 g and 440 g.

21. 10% of the chocolates produced in a factory are mis-shaped. In a sample of 1000 chocolates, find the
probability that the number of mis-shaped is

a. less than 80.

b. between 90 and 115 inclusive.
c. 120 or more.

22. In a Mathematics test, the average mark is 82 and the standard deviation is 5. All the students from
88 marks up to 94 marks will receive a B grade. If the marks have a normal distribution and 8
students receive B grade, determine the total number of students who sat for the test.

56
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
QUESTION

DISTRIBUTION APPROXIMATION

23. Two fair dice are tossed. Both numbers are added up. Show that the probability of getting a sum of
1
seven is . A pair of dice is tossed 100 times and the sum is observed on each occasion. What is the
6
probability of getting more than 25 occasions where the sum is seven? How many tosses would be
required in order that the probability of getting at least one seven is 0.9 or more?

24. In a delivery of microchips, it is known that the number of defective is 2 out of 10.
a. If 15 microchips are delivered, calculate the probability that
i. at least 5 microchips are defective. [3 marks]
ii. exactly 11 microchips are good. [2 marks]
b. If 500 microchips are delivered, find n such that the probability of obtaining the number of
defective microchips exceeding n is 0.147. [5 marks]

25. The distribution of the weights of all sugar sachets produced by a particular factory is assumed to be
normal with mean 25 gm and standard deviation 2 gm.
Show that the probability of a randomly selected sachet weight within 1 gm of the mean is 0.383.
[4 marks]
a. If ten sachets are randomly selected, find the probability that between four and seven sachet
weight within 1 gm of the mean.
[3 marks]
b. Determine the sample size, n such that the probability that none of the sachet weight within 1 gm
of the mean is 0.021.
[4 marks]
c. If one hundred sachets are randomly selected, approximate the probability that less than 40
sachets weight within 1 gm of the mean. [4 marks]
[PSPM 10/11]

26. On the average, a hospital receives 6 emergency calls in 15 minutes. It is assumed that the number of
emergency calls received follows tha Poisson distribution.
a. Find the probability that
i. not more than 15 emergency calls are received in an hour.
[3 marks]
ii. the hospital will received one emergency call between 9.00 am and 9.05 am.
[3 marks]
b. Find the number of emergency calls received, m, if it is known that the probability at most m
emergency calls received in half an hour is 0.155.
[4 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]
27. The probability that a type of antibiotics can cure a certain disease is 0.95.
a. If five patients are given the antibiotics, find the probability that
i. exactly three patients are cured after finishing the course of antibiotics.
[3 marks]
ii. at least one patient is cured after finishing the course of antibiotics.
[2 marks]
b. If 500 patients are given the antibiotics, find the
i. probability that more than 480 patients are cured.
[4 marks]
ii. largest possible value n such that the probability that at least n patients recovered after
finishing the course of antibiotics is 0.9.
[4 marks]
[PSPM 11/12]
57
 TUTORIAL
CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
QUESTION

28. The number of motocycles arriving at the main entrance of a university during peak hours has a
Poisson distribution with mean three per minute. Find the probability that

a. at most one motocycle will arrive in one minute. [3 marks]

b. exactly five motocycles will arrive in two minutes. [3 marks]

[PSPM 12/13]

29. The registration record of a private college indicates that 40 % of its new intakes are international
students and the remaining are local students.
a. If 20 new students are randomly selected and the number of local students are noted, find the
probability that there are
i. equal number of local and international students.
[2 marks]
ii. not less than 9 local students.
[4 marks]
b. Exactly 100 new students are randomly selected. By using a suitable approximate distribution,
i. find the probability that between 38 and 46 are international students.
[5 marks]
ii. determine the value m such that the probability that the number of international students is at
most m is 0.993. [4 marks]
[PSPM 12/13]

30. The lifetime of D sized batteries produced by a local factory is normally distributed with mean 11.5
months and standard deviation 0.8 months.
a. Suppose a battery is selected at random from the factory’s production line.
i. Calculate the probability that the battery’s lifetime is between 9.5 and 11.5 months, correct to
one decimal place. [3 marks]
ii. If the probability that the battery’s lifetime is less than h months is 0.975 , determine the value
of h . [4 marks]

b. Suppose ten batteries are selected at random from the factory’s production line, calculate the
probability that at most three batteries have lifetime between 9.5 and 11.5 months.
[3 marks]
c. If 100 batteries are selected at random from the factory’s production line, approximate the
probability that from 48 to 51 batteries have lifetime between 9.5 and 11.5 months.
[5 marks]
[PSPM13/14]

58
 FINAL
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY
ANSWER

1. a. 0.2252 b. 0.2023 c. 0.7748

d. 0.6172 e. 0.5713 f. 0.5812 18. a. 0.9474 b. 0.6319 c. 0.5910
g. 0.3789 h. 0.2004 d. 0.0268 e. 0.2113

2. a. 0.1157 b. 0.1319 19. 15.87%

25 7 7
3. a.) ; b.) ; c.) .
20. a.)0.1362; b.)0.9736.
216 432 432

4. a.)0.0078; b.)0.5; c.)0.5. 21. a. 0.0154 b. 0.8149 c. 0.0197

5. a.) 0.0001; b.) 0.1608 22. 75

6. 0.7802 23. 0.0089, 13

7. a.)6; b.)30students 24. a. i. 0.1642 ii. 0.1876

b. n = 109
8. a. 0.1746 b. 0.8042

9. a. 0.000073 b. 0.0153 25. a. 0.2818 b. n8

c. 0.9994 d. 0.0803
c. 0.5987
10. a. 0.8095 b. 1 c. 0.0253
d. 0.2017 e. 0.4711 f. 0.8095 26. a. i . 0.0344 ii. 0.2707
b. 8
11. a. a  4 b. b  3
27. a. i. 0.02143 ii. 1
c. c  9 d. d  5
b. i. 0.1292 ii. 470
12. a. 0.2241 b. 0.0023
28. a. 0.1991 b. 0.1606
13. a. 0.0424 b. 0.1042
29. a. i. 0.1172 ii. 0.9435
b. i. 0.4903 ii. m = 52
14. a.)0.0025; b.)0.8488; c.)0.9797; d .)0.1991

15. a.)i.) ; ii.)6; b.)0.7619 30. a. i. 0.5 ii. h =13.068

b.01719
16. a. 0.9332 b. 0.6905 c. 0.3056 c. 0.3094

17. a. 1.44 b. 1.64

59