DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

College of Engineering and Technology
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
MINI PROJECT REPORT

ODD Semester, 2023-24

Lab code & Name : 21ECC211L- Devices and Digital IC Lab

Year & Semester : II Year, III semester

Project Title : Traffic Light Control Project

Course Teacher : Mr. M Maria Dominic Savio

Assistant Professor,
Electronics and Communication Department

Team Members : Aastha(RA2211004010539)

Disha(RA2211004010550)
Ridhi(RA2211004010527)
Varsha Ramachandran(RA2211004010537)

Reg. No
RA2211004 RA221100 RA221100
Mark split up RA2211004
010527 4010537 4010539
010550
Novelty in the project work
(10 marks)
Level of understanding of the
design formula (5 marks)
Contribution to the project
(5 Marks)
Report writing (10 Marks)

Total (30 Marks)

Date:
Signature of Course Teacher

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 Traffic Light Control Electronic Project

OBJECTIVE:

As the title suggests, the objective of the “Traffic Light Control Electronic Project” is to
control the traffic via Lighting Signals.

ABSTRACT:

The fundamental idea of the “Traffic Light Control Electronic Project” is to control the
traffic via lighting signals. The Traffic Light Control Circuit can be used to avoid vehicular
collisions and traffic jams as the system ensures the smooth flow of traffic even on the
busy routes. This project is only a one-way traffic controller, although it can be further
modified as well. In short, the circuit can be used to provide instructions to the driver via
lighting symbols whether to drive through, stop or yield at the intersection.

INTRODUCTION:

Traffic Lights are used to control vehicular traffic on roads and public streets. In the
modern era, the expanding population owns different types of vehicles and have resulted in
a rise in the numbers of vehicles. This is leading to traffic jams and rush on the busy routes.
Hence, traffic lights are mandatory for smooth traffic flow to avoid the traffic jams and
accidents.

Totally, there are three lights in the traffic signal, each having a different message for the
drivers. Red light (upper one) asks the driver to STOP at the intersection, Green light (last
one) gives the driver free license to drive (GO) through the intersection whereas the
Yellow light (middle one) alerts the driver to get ready to go / turn the engine ON if the
green light is next is up next.

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Traffic lights have proved to be an amazing way to stop vehicular collisions and control
the traffic jams and divert the traffic in smooth lanes. The project attempts to make a
simple traffic light control system using basic electronic components as follows.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT/DESCRIPTION:

Following is the list of the basic Component Requirements, which will be used to develop
a Traffic Light Control System:

Components:
2-555 Timer IC
2-100uf Capacitor
1-100k Resistor
1-47k Resistor
3-330 0hms Resistor
Breadboard
Connecting Wires or Jumper Wires
9V Battery
Red, Yellow and Green LEDs. (Output lighting signals)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL:

DESIGN AND WORKING PRINCIPLE:

Here we have used two such astable circuits with the first astable circuit powering the
other. So the second 555 timer IC will be powered only if the output of first 555 timer IC is
ON.The red LED is connected such that it turns ON only if the output of first 555 timer IC
is at 0V. This is because the other terminal of red LED is connected to positive voltage.

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Yellow LED turns ON during discharge mode of second 555 IC, and the green LED turns
ON whenever the output of second 555 timer IC is at positive voltage.

Using two 555 timer IC’s on a breadboard to drive an LED can be interesting. You can set
up one 555 in astable mode to generate a square wave, and the other in monostable mode
to control the pulse width. Connect the output of the first 555 to the trigger of the second.
Experiment with resistor and capacitor values for desired frequency and pulse width.
Ensure appropriate voltage levels, and don't forget current-limiting resistors for the LED.

DESIGN FORMULA:
In this circuit 555 timer is wired as one shot timer whose timer period can be easily
calculated by the formula,

T=1.1*R1*C1
=1.1*1000*1000*1000µf
=1.1

where T is in seconds, R is in ohms and C is in farads.

DESIGN ISSUES:

Normally the yellow LED would turn ON for the same time as the green LED;but even
before the capacitor of 2nd 555 timer IC reaches 1/3rd of supply voltage, the voltage across
capacitor of 1st 555 timer IC reaches 2/3rds of the supply voltage and so the output of 1st
555 IC turns OFF, resulting in yellow LED turning OFF and the red LED turning
ON.Apart from the drawback stated here, it is essential to note that it is only a one-way
control of traffic ,thereby restricting a two-way monitoring. Hence, we need to be mindful
of our operations.

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY:

When a person drives on the roads he will generally follow the Traffic Light System
placed at the Signals and intersections of the roads. As soon as the signals are ON a driver
looks for them and follows the rules as shown below. Under the Traffic Control System,
there are three control lights or signals, which will provide the instruction to the driver.

 RED light – instructs the driver to STOP at the intersection.

 YELLOW light– instructs the driver to WAIT (If red light is next) or GET
READY (if green light is next)
 GREEN light – instructs the driver to GO through the intersection.

One must take care of these traffic lights before proceeding in the respective vehicles.

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 CONCLUSIONS:

The Traffic Light Control Electronic Project serves as an educational tool to understand the
principles of traffic management and the role of electronics in creating efficient and safe
intersections. By implementing this project, one gains insight into the working of traffic
lights, microcontrollers, and basic circuitry.This project can be extended and enhanced to
include features such as pedestrian signals, sensors, and real-time traffic monitoring
systems,
contributing to smarter and more adaptive traffic management in urban areas.

REFERENCES:
www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-circuits/bathroom-light-timer

https://youtu.be/SgjGgGkx7lU?si=7lJvpFCGqQwRjPSl

https://www.tinkercad.com/

APPENDIX:

IC 555 :

●
IC 555 is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. It is an 8pin
timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable. In monostable
mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external resistor and a
capacitor.

LED :

LEDs are Light Emitting Diodes. They are super compact and do not emit heat ; most
commonly used in emergency lightings, automotive tail lights.

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 CAPACITOR ( 100 UF ) :

●
Capacitor is a passive component used to store charge. The charge (q) stored in a capacitor
is the product of its capacitance (C) value and the voltage (V) applied to it. Capacitors
offer infinite reactance to zero frequency so they are used for blocking DC components or
bypassing the AC signals.

330 OHM RESISTOR:

Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications, these 330 ohm
resistors make excellent LED current limiters and are great for general use.

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