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Lecture 1

This document provides an overview of the CS 3520: Website Development course offered in the summer of 2005. The course goals are to understand the technology underlying the World Wide Web, become familiar with tools for developing web applications, and develop skills in HTML, JavaScript, and Java. The document then provides background information on the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It distinguishes between static and dynamic web pages, and covers client-side and server-side programming techniques used to create dynamic content.

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75 views13 pages

Lecture 1

This document provides an overview of the CS 3520: Website Development course offered in the summer of 2005. The course goals are to understand the technology underlying the World Wide Web, become familiar with tools for developing web applications, and develop skills in HTML, JavaScript, and Java. The document then provides background information on the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It distinguishes between static and dynamic web pages, and covers client-side and server-side programming techniques used to create dynamic content.

Uploaded by

myturtle game01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS 3520: Website Development

Summer 2005

Course goals:

▪ understand the technology and protocols underlying the World Wide


Web
▪ become familiar with common tools and techniques for developing
Web-based applications, both client-side and server-side
▪ develop a working knowledge of HTML, JavaScript, and Java as
languages for developing Web applications

1
Reasonable questions

What is the World Wide Web?

Is it the same thing as the Internet?

Who invented it?

How old is it?

How does it work?

What kinds of things can it do?

What does it have to do with programming?

2
Web  Internet
Internet: a physical network connecting millions of computers using the
same protocols for sharing/transmitting information (TCP/IP)
▪ in reality, the Internet is a network of smaller networks

World Wide Web: a collection of interlinked multimedia documents that are


stored on the Internet and accessed using a common protocol (HTTP)

Key distinction: Internet is hardware; Web is software

Many other Internet-based applications exist

e.g., email, telnet, ftp, usenet, Instant Messenger, Napster, …

3
History of the Internet
the idea of a long-distance computer network traces back to early 60's

in particular, the Department of Defense was interested in the development of


distributed, decentralized networks
▪ survivability (i.e., network still functions despite a local attack)
▪ fault-tolerance (i.e., network still functions despite local failure)

contrast with phone system, electrical system

in 1969, Advanced Research Project Agency funded the ARPANET


▪ connected computers at UCLA, UCSB, SRI, and Utah
▪ allowed researchers to share data, communicate
56Kb/sec communications lines (vs. 110 b/sec over phone lines)

4
Internet growth
throughout the 70's, the size of the ARPANET doubled every year
▪ decentralization made adding new computers easy
▪ ~1000 military & academic computers connected by 1984

in 80', U.S. government took a larger role in Internet development


▪ created NSFNET for academic research in 1986
▪ ARPANET was retained for military & government computers

by 90's, Internet connected virtually all colleges & universities


▪ businesses and individuals also connecting as computing costs fell
▪ ~1,000,000 computers by 1992

in 1992, control of the Internet was transferred to a non-profit org


▪ Internet Society: Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet Architecture Board
Internet Assigned Number Authority
World-Wide-Web Consortium
... 5
Internet growth (cont.)
Dates Hosts Domains
stats from Internet Valley, Inc.
July 01 126,000,000 30,000,000
A host is a computer that is connected July 98 37,000,000 4,300,000
to the Internet July 97 19,540,000 1,301,000
July 96 12,881,000 488,000
e.g., bhecker
July 95 6,642,000 120,000
July 94 3,212,000 46,000
A domain is a subnetwork of computers July 93 1,776,000 26,000
on the Internet July 92 992,000 16,300
July 89 130,000 3,900
e.g., csuhayward.edu
July 81 210
1969 4

Sep. 2002: estimated > 230M hosts (www.netsizer.com), > 600M users (www.nua.ie)

6
History of the Web
the idea of hypertext (cross-linked and inter-linked documents) traces back
to Vannevar Bush in the 1940's
▪ online hypertext systems began to be developed in 1960's
e.g., Andy van Dam's FRESS, Doug Englebert's NLS
▪ in 1987, Apple introduced HyperCard

in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee at the European Particle Physics Laboratory


(CERN) designed a hypertext system for linking documents over the
Internet
▪ designed a (Non-WYSIWYG) language for specifying document content
• which evolved into HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
▪ designed a protocol for downloading documents and interpreting the content
• which evolved into HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
▪ implemented the first browser -- text-based, no embedded media

the Web was born!


7
History of the Web (cont.)
the Web was an obscure, European research tool until 1993

in 1993, Marc Andreessen (at the National Center for Supercomputing


Applications) developed Mosaic, the first graphical Web browser
▪ the intuitive, clickable interface made hypertext accessible to the
masses
▪ made the integration of multimedia (images, video, sound, …) much
easier
▪ Andreessen left NCSA to found Netscape in 1994
cheap/free browser popularized the Web (75% market share in 1996)
in 1995, Microsoft came out with Internet Explorer
Netscape bought by AOL in 1999 for $10 billion in stock

today, the Web is the most visible aspect of the Internet


8
Web growth
Stats from Dates Hosts Domains Web Sites Sites/Hosts
July 01 126,000,000 30,000,000 28,200,000 22.381%
Internet Valley, Inc. July 98 37,000,000 4,300,000 4,270,000 12.000%
July 97 19,540,000 1,301,000 1,200,000 6.200%
July 96 12,881,000 488,000 300,000 2.300%
IE
July 95 6,642,000 120,000 25,000 0.400%
Netscape
July 94 3,212,000 46,000 3,000 0.100%
Mosaic July 93 1,776,000 26,000 150 0.010%
July 92 992,000 16,300 50 0.005%
July 89 130,000 3,900
July 81 210
1969 4

recent estimates suggest 40-50 M Web sites, with 4-5 B Web pages!

9
Static vs. dynamic pages
most Web pages are static
▪ contents (text/links/images) are the same each time it is accessed
e.g., online documents, most homepages
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is used to specify text/image format

as the Web moves towards online services and e-commerce, Web pages
must also provide dynamic content
▪ pages must be fluid, changeable (e.g., rotating banners)
▪ must be able to react to the user's actions, request and process info, tailor services
e.g., amazon.com, www.csuhayward.edu

this course is about applying your programming skills to the development


of dynamic Web pages and applications

10
Client-side programming
can download program with Web page, execute on client machine
▪ simple, generic, but insecure

JavaScript
▪ a scripting language for Web pages, developed by Netscape in 1995
▪ uses a C++/Java-like syntax, so familiar to programmers, but simpler
▪ good for adding dynamic features to Web page, controlling forms and GUI
▪ See: http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~bhecker/CS-
3520/Examples/JavaScript/

Java applets
▪ can define small, special-purpose programs in Java called applets
▪ provides full expressive power of Java (but more overhead)
▪ good for more complex tasks or data heavy tasks, such as graphics

11
Server-side programming
can store and execute program on Web server, link from Web page
▪ more complex, requires server privileges, but secure

CGI programming
▪ programs can be written to conform to the Common Gateway Interface
▪ when a Web page submits, data from the page is sent as input to the
CGI program
▪ CGI program executes on server, sends its results back to browser as
a Web page
▪ good if computation is large/complex or requires access to private data

Active Server Pages, Java Servlets, PHP, Server Side Includes


▪ vendor-specific alternatives to CGI
▪ provide many of the same capabilities but using HTML-like tags

12
Exercise

pick some of your favorite Web sites and try to identify

▪ static components?

▪ dynamic components?

➢client-side? JavaScript? Java applet?


➢server-side? CGI? ASP?

13

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