HAPTER 8

CIRCLES

REVISION OF KEY cONCEPTS AND FORMULAE

1. Tangent to a circle is a line that intersects the circle in exactly one point.
2. Atangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
3. Aline drawn through the end-points of aradius and perpendicular to it is atangent to the circle.
4. The length of the segment of the tangent between the point and the given point of contact with
the circle is called the length of the tangent from the point to the circle.
5. The lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
6. Two tangents drawn from an external point to acircle subtend equal angles at the centre of the
circle.
7. Two tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle are equally inclined to the segment
joining the centre to the point P.
8. IfAP and AQ are two tangents drawn from an external point Ato acircle, then the centre of the
circle lies on the bisector of PAQ.
9. Ifa circle touches side BC of AABC at Pand sides AB and AC produced at Qand Rrespectively,
then

(6) AQ =AR =(Perimeter of AABC) (ii) AB + BP = AC + CP

P
A

B
Fig. 8.1

10. If the incircle of AABC touches sides BC, CA and AB at D, Eand Frespectively, then
1
() AF +BD +CE = AE +BE +CD =(Perimeter of AABC)
(ii) AB+ CD = AC+ BD

(ii) Area (AABC) = 1 (Perimeter of AABC) r

(iv) AF = AE =s - 4, BF = BD = s-b, CE = CD = s-c, D
of AABC, a = BC, b = CA andc = AB. Fig. 8.2
where s is semi-perimeter
11. If two circlestouch each other at the point C, then the common tangent at Cbisects the common
tangent to the two circles i.e. PR = QR. (See Fig. 8.3)

125
 126
MATHEMATICS-X
P

D R
Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.4
12 (See
f a Fig.
circle8.4)touches all the four sides of a quadrila teral ABCD, then AB +CD = BC +DA
13. Ifa hexagon circumscribes acircle, then AB +CD +EF =BC +DE +FA. (See Fig. 8.5)
E S D
A
T
R

P C
P
U
D

A P B
Fig. 8.5 Fig. 8.6 Fig. 8.7
14. If AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of
unequal radii, then AB = CD. (See Fig. 8.6)
15. If from an external point P, twotangents PAand PB are
drawn to the circle with centre O, then
OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB. (See Fig. 8.7)
16. Tangent lines at the end points of a diameter of a circle are
parallel.
17. In two concentric circles, a chord of larger circle
which is tangent to smaller circle is bisected at
the point of contact.
18. If a, b, c are the sides of a right triangle with
given by r =s - c, wheres is the semi-perimeter hypotenuse c, then the radius rof the incircle is
of the triangle.
19. A parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus i.e.if
a circle, then it is a rhombus. all the sides of a parallelogram touch
20. The angle between two tangents drawn
from an external point to a circle is
the angle subtended by the line segments
joining the points of contact supplementary
to
LAOB+ ZAPB= 180°. (See Fig. 8.8) at the centre i.e.

Fig. 8.8
Fig. 8.9
21. Iftwotangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O fron an
(i) PTQ= 2 2OPQ (ii) PTO = 2 ZOPQ(See external point T, then
22. If a circle touches the sides of a Fig. 8.9)
subtended at the centre by a pairquadrilateral
ABCD at P, 0, R, S respectively, then the angles
of opposite sides are
23 Ifa chord is drawn through the pointof contact of a supplementary.
this chord makes with the given tangent are equal tangent to a circle, then the angles which
corresponding alternate segments i.e. ZPAB =ZADBrespectively
to the angles formed in the
and ZOAB =/ACB.
CIRCLES 127

24 lfa line is drawn through an end point of achord of a circle sothat the angle formed with the
chord is equal to the angle subtended by the chord in the alternate segment, then the line is a
tangent to the circle. (See Fig. 8.10)

A
B7
C M

A
Fig. 8.10 Fig.8.11

5. IEPAB is a secant to a circle intersecting the circle at Aand Band PT is tangent segment, then
PAx PB = PT. (See Fig. 8.11)

SOLVED EXAMPLES
MULTIPLE CHOICE
EXAMPLE1 The length of the tangent AP, from an external point Ais 24 cm. If the distance of the point A
from thecentre Oof the circle is 25 cm, then the diameter of the circle is
(a) 15 cnm (b) 14 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 12cm
Ans. (b)
SOLUTION Applying Pythagoras theorem in right triangle APO, 24
cm

we obtain
OA = OP² + AP2 25 cm

OP = vOA? - AP? = V25 - 24 = V49 -7

Fig. 8.12
Diameter = 20P =2x7 = 14 cm
O such that ZAOB = 110°, then
EXAMPLE 2 If PA and PB are two tangents to a circle with centre
LAPB is equal to
(c) 80° (d) 90° [NCERT]
(a) 60° (b) 70°
Ans. (b)
SOLUTION ZAPB and ZAOB are supplementary (See Fig. 8.13 ).
=70°
ZAPB+ ZAOB = 180° ’ ZAPB = 180° - 110°
centre O are inclined to each other at an
EXAMPLE 3If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with
angle of 80°, then ZPOA is equal to (d) 80° [NCERT]
(c) 70°
(a) 50° (b) 60°
Ans. (a) supplementary i.e.
SOLUTION We know that APB and ZAOB are
ZAPB + LAOB = 180°
P80
80° = 100°
ZAOB = 180° - ZAPB = 180°-
ZPOA =-LAOB = 50° Fig. 8.13 B

drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then length of

EXAMPLE 4If two tangents inclined at an angle of 60° are [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
each tangent is equal to
3V3 Cm (b) 6 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 3v3 cm
(a)
2
Ans. (d)
128
MATHEMATICS-X
SOLUTION It is given that LAPB = 60°. Therefore, ZPA =APB = 30". A
2
3cm
In right triangle PAO, we obtain
P .30°
30°
tan 30 OA 1 3
AP V3 AP = 3/3 cm
AP B
Fig. 8.14
EXAMPLE 5From a point P which is at a distance13 cm from the centre O ofa circle of radius 5 cm, the pair
Of tangents PQ and PR to the circle are drawn. Then the area of the quadrilateral PQOR is
(a) 60 cm²
(b) 65 cm² (c) 30 cm? (d) 32.5 cm?
Ans. (a)
SOLUTION Applying Pythagoras theorem in right triangle PQO, we obtain
OP² = O + PQ
5 cm
PQ = VoP² - oQ² = V13² - 5² = V169 - 25 12 cm P 13 cm
1
Area of AOQP =(PQx OQ) =-(12 x 5) cm? = 30 cm?
2 R
Hence, ar (quad PQOR) = 2 ar(AOQP) = 60 cm Fig. 8.15
EXAMPLE 6 The pair of tangents AP and AQ drawn from an external point to a
perpendicular to each other and length of each tangent is 5 cm. The circle with centre O are
(a) 10 cm radius of the circle is
(b) 7.5 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 2.5 cm P
Ans. (c) 5 cm

SOLUTION It is given that PAQ = 90°. We know that

PAQ and
POQ are
supplementary. Therefore, POQ = 90°. A90
Consequently, quadrilateral APOQ is a square. Therefore, 5cm
OP = AP ’ OP = 5cm.
EXAMPLE 7 In Fig. 8.17, if ZAOB = 125°,
then ZCOD is equal to Fig. 8.16
(a) 45 (b) 45° (c) 55° (d) 62so
Ans. (c)
SOLUTION We find that the circle touches the sides of INCERTEXEMPLAR]
ZAOB +ZCOD = 180°
quadrilateral ABCD. Therefore,
(See result at S.No. 22 at page 126]
125° + ZCOD = 180° ’2COD = 55°

125°

D 70
Fig. 8.17
Fig. 8.18
EXAMPLE 8 In Fig. 8.18, if PQR is the tangent to a circle at Q whose centre is O, ABis a
to PR and ZBOR = 70°, then ZAQB is equal to chord parallel
(a) 20° (b) 40° (c) 35° (d) 45° [NCERTEXEMPLAR.
Ans. (b)
SOLUTION Given that PQR is tangent to the circle at Q and O is the centre of the circle. Therefore,
O0 L PR i.e. ZOQR = 90° ’20QB = 20°.
Now, AB||PR and BQR = 70°’ LABQ= 70°
CIRCLES
129

Wefind that
2QAB =ZBQR [Angles in alternate segments]
2QAB = 70°
I'sing angle sum property in AQAB, we obtain
2QAB +QBA + ZAQB = 180° > 70° +70 +LAOB =180° >AQB = 40°
AMPLE9 In Fig. 8.19, if tangents PA and PB are draonto acircle such that ZAPB=30° and chord
aCs draenparallel to the tangent PB, then ZABC = [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
(a) 60 (b) 90° (c) 30° (d) none of these
Ans. (c)
SOLUTION In APAB, we have
PA =PB PAB = PBA
But, ZPAB + ZPBA + ZAPB = 180
22PAB + 30° = 180°’PAB =75° = PBA
Given that AC is parallel to PB.
30°
ZBAC= ZPBA’ ZBAC= 75° B P
Fig. 8.19
Since angles in the alternate segments are equal. Therefore,
LPBA = ZACB ’ ZACB = 75°
Thus, in AABC, we have ZBAC = 75° and ZACB =75°. Therefore, ZABC = 30°
EXAMPLE 10 In Fig. 8.20, PT is a tangent to the circle ata point Tand PAB is a secant to the circle. If
PA= 9cmand AB =7cm, then PT
(a) l6 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 18 cm
Ans. (b)
SOLUTION Since PT is a tangent and PAB is a secant to the circle. Therefore,
PT = PA xPB = 9(9+7) = 144 ’ PT = 12 cm

6 cm

B C / 3 cm P
7 c m - 9 cm
A
Fig. 8.20 Fig. 8.21
If PC =3 cm, PT = 6 cm, then
EXAMPLE 11 In Fig. 8.21, O is the centre of circle and PT is a tangent at T.
the radius of the circle is (c) 4.5 cm (d) 3 cm
(a) 9 cmn (b) 6 cmn
Ans. (c)
to the circle.
SOLUTION Since PT is a tangent and PCB is a secant
9 cm = radius = 4.5 cm
PC x PB = PT' 3x PB =6 ’ PB = 12 cm ’ BC =
QR is a diameter of the circle, if
EXAMPLE 12 In Fig. 8.22, PT is a tangent to the circle at P and
LRPT = 50°, then ZQRP =
(b) 90° (c) 60° (d) 40°
(a) 50°
Ans. (d) Therefore,
SOLUTION Since angles in the alternate segments are equal. R

ZPQR = ZTPR POR = 50° 50°

Since QR is a diameter and angle in a semi-circle isa right angle. TY

Fig. 8.22
Therefore, LOPR = 90. Thus, in APOR, we obtain
 130

EXAMPLE 13
PÌR = 50° and OPR = 90° PRO = 180° -90° - 50° = 40° MATHEMATICS-X
which is tangentIfradii
of two concentric circles are 4cm and 5cm, then the length of each chord
to the other of one
(a) 3 cm circle is
(b) 6 cm
circle
(c) 9 cmn (d) 1cm
Ans. (b)
[NCERTEXEMPLAR]
SOLUTION LetO be the common centre and AB be a chord of the
bigger circle touching the smaller circle at P. Clearly, P is the 5 cm
o

mid-point of AB. Applying Pythagoras Theorem in AOPA, we obtain

OA = Op²+ AP2 = 5 = 4' + AP2 ’ AP = 3 4 cmy
cm P
Hence, AB = 2 AP = 6cm.
EXAMPLE 14 At one end A of adiameter AB of a circle of radius 5 cm, Fig. 8.23
at adistance 8 cm from Atangent
The length of the chord CD parallelto XY and XAY is drawn to the circle
(a) 4 cm (b) 5 cm
is B
Ans. (d) (c) 6 cm (d) 8 cm
SOLUTION In right [NCERTEXEMPLAR] G
triangle OED, 5 cm
3 cm D
O 5 cm
OD² = OE + ED?
5 cm
ED = VOD² - OE2 = /25 =
-9 4 cm
Hence, CD = 2 ED = 8 cm. A
Fig. 8.24
EXAMPLE 15 In Fig. 8.25, if PT is a
tangent to the circle with centre
measure of x is Oand ZTPO = 25°, then the
(a) 120° (b) 125°
Ans. (d) (c) 110°
(d) 115°
SOLUTION PT is a
through T. Therefore,tangent
to the circle at T and OT is the T
ZOTP = 90°. radius
In AOPT, we have ZOPT = 25°, ZOTP = 90°.
Using exterior angle property in AOPT, we 25°
X=
obtain
90° + 25° = 115°

Fig. 8.25
CASE STUDY BASED
EXAMPLE 16 London eye is an amusement ride
passenger-carrying components consisting of arotating upright big wheel with
pods) attached to the (commonly referred to as passenger cars,
cabins, multiple
wheel turns, theyare kept uprighttubs, capsules, gondolas or
rim in such a wvay that as the
taking a ride in London eye, Anu came out from the crowd and was usually by gravity. After
the ride. Shewas curious observing her friends who were enjoying
about thedifferent angles and
as given below. measures that the wheel will form. She makes afigure
R

30 30 P
Fig. 8.26
(i) In Fig. 8.26, the measure of ZROQ is
(a) 60° (b) 100° (c) 150°
(d) 90°
CIRCLES 131

) In Fig. 8.26, The measure of ZRQP is

(a) 75° (b) 60° (c) 30° (d) 90
.8.26, the measure of ZRSQ is
(a) 60 (b) 750 () 100 (d) 30°
i) n Fig 8.26, the measure of ZORP s
(a) 90° (b) 70° (c) 100° (d) 60°
sOLUTION () Ans. (c): Clearly, RPQ +ZROQ =180°
30°+ ROQ= 180° ZROQ= 150°
R) Ans. (a): In APQR, we have PRQ= ZPOR and 0PR = 30°
ZRQP +ZPRQ+ LQPR =180° 2ZROP = 180° -30° ’RQP =75°
B) Ans. (b): In AOQR, we find that OQR= ZORO = 90° -75° = 15°

LQOR = 180° 15°-15° =150° = ZRSQ=Q0R

2
=75
iv) Ans. (a): The angle between the tangernt at a point and the radius is 90°. Therefore,
LORP = 90°

ELAMPLE 17 Ragihav has been selected by his school to design logo for sports day T-shirts for students and
staff. The logo design is as given in the figure and he is working on the fronts and different colours according
to the theme. In the given figure, a circle with centre O is inscribed in a AABC, such that it touches the sides
AB, BC and CA at points D,E and F respectively. The length of side AB, BC and CA are 12 cm, 8 cm and 10
Cm respectively.
C

O.

D
Fig. 8.27

) The length of AD is
(a) 7 cm (b) 8cm (c) 5 cm (d) 9 cm

Gi) The length of BE is (c) 2 cm (d) 9 cm

(a) 8 cmn (b) 5 cm
(ii)CF is of length
(b) 5 cm (c) 2 cm (d) 3 cm
(a) 9 cm
(iv) If radius of the circle is 4 Cm, then area of AOAB is
(b) 36 cm (c) 24 cm (d) 48 cm
(a) 20 cm
(v) Area of AABC is
(b) 60 cm? (c) 100 cm2 (d) 90 cm
(a) 50 cm?
BC = 8 cm, b= CA = 10 cm and
SOLUTION Let sbe the semi-perimeter of AABC and a =
C= AB = 12 cm. From example 11 (page 8.13), we obtain
 132

AD = AF=$-a, BE - BD = 8- band CF = CE = $-C

MATHEMATICSX
() Ans. (a): AD =(s - a) =(15- 8) cm =7 cm
(i) Ans. (b): BE = (s -b) =(15-10) cm =5cm
(iim) Ans. (d): CF =(s -c) =(15 - 12) cm =3cm
(iv) Ans. (c): Area of AOAB = -24 cm?
1 1
(v) Ans. (b): Area of AABC =(Perimeter
2
of AABC xr) =(12 +8 +10) x4 cm =60 cm²
2

ASSERTION-REASON
Each of the following examples contains
and has following four choices (a), (b), (c) STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason)
and (d), only one of which is the correct answer. Mark
correct choice. the
(a) Statement-1 and Statement-2 are True:
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 and Statement-2 are True;
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is True,
Statement-2 is False.
(d Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
EXAMPLE 18 Statement-1 (Assertion): The Length of the tangent PT drawn
from an external point P to
a circle is 24 cm. If the distance between
the point P and the
centre O of the circle is 25 cm, then the
length diameter of the
of
circle is 14 cm.
Statement-2 (Reason): A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the
point of contact.
Ans. (a)
SOLUTION Statement-2, being a standard result, is true. Using
triangle right angled at T. Applying Pythagoras theorem in APTO statement-2,
, we
we obtain a right
obtain
OP² = 0T²+PT²
OT =NOp2 - PT² =y25 - 24 =V49 =7 cm 24 cm
Length of the diameter = 14 cm. P
25 cm
Thus, statement-1 is also true and
statement-2 is a
explanation for statement-1. Hence, option (a) is correct. correct
Fig. 8.28
EXAMPLE 19 Statement-1 (Assertion): The base of an isosceles triangle is
of its incircle.
bisected at the point of contacr
Statement-2 (Reason): The lengths of two tangents drawm from an external
circle are equal. potit 0
Ans. (a)
SOLUTION Statement-2 is true (See Theorem 3 on page 420 of main book) Let ABC be
triangle with base BC such that AB =AC. Let Obe the centre of the an isosCeles
AB at D, E and F respectively. Since tangents incircle touching sides BC, CA and
drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Therefore, AF =AE, BF = BD andCD =CE. A

Now, AB = AC and AF = AE
AB- AF = AC - AE
E
BF = CE
BD = CD [:: BF = BD and CE = CD] C
B D
Fig. 8.29
CIRCLES 133

BC is bisected at D,
Thus,statment-1iis true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. Hence, option (a)
iscorrect.

EXAMPLE 20 Statement-1 (Assertion): In Fig. 8.30, ifAT is tangent to the circle, with centre O, at point
A
such thatOT =4cm, and Z0TA= 30, then AT =4/3 cm.
Statement-2 (Reason): Atangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.
Ans. (d)
TION Statement-2 is true (See Theorem 1 on page 413 of main book).
Usingsstatement-2, we find that OA LAT. Consequently, AOAT is a right
iangle. In this triangle, we obtain
COs 30°=
AT
OT
V3 AT
4
AT= 2V3 cm
Bs statement-1 is not true. Hence, option (d) is correct. O4cm
A
Fig. 8.30

EXAMPLE 21Statement-1 (Assertion): In Fig. 8.31, O is the centre of a circle and PQ isa chord. If the
tangent PR at P makes an angle of 50° with PQ, then
ZPOQ = 100°,
Statement-2 (Reason): Atangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.
Ans. (a)
SOLUTION Statement-2 is true (See Theorem 1on page 413 of main book).
Using statement-2, we find that OPR =90°. Therefore, Z0OPQ = 40°. 500
In A0PQ, we have
OP = 0Q 0PQ= 20QP 0QP=40°
Thus, in A0PQ, we have 0PQ = 20QP = 40°
Fig. 8.31
LPOQ = 180° - (40° + 40°) = 100°
Thus, statement-1is true. Also, statement-2 is a correct explanation of statement-1. Hence option (a)
is correct.
PRACTICE EXERCISES
MULTIPLE CHOICE

Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

centreOat apoint
1. Atangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the
Qsuch that OQ =12 cm. Length PQ is
(a) 12 cm (b) 13 cm (c) 8.5 cm (d) V119 cm
cm and the distance of O from the
2. Fromapoint Q, the length of the tangent to a circle is 24
centre is 25 cm. The radius of the circle is
(b) 12 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 24.5 cm. [NCERT]
(a) 7 cm
radius 3 cm, is 4 cm. The distance of A
3. The length of the tangent from apoint A at a circle, of
from the centre of the circle is
(b) 7 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 25 cm
(a) V7 cm
*. How many parallel tangents can a circle have? (c) infinite (d) none of these
(a) 1 (b) 2
between the tangents at the end
5. Ifthe angle between the radii of a circle is 100°, then the angle
of these two radii is
(c) 80° (d) 90°
(a) 50° (b) 60°
134

b. PQ is atangent to a circle with centre Oat the point P. If AOPQ is an

20QP is equal to
(a) 30°

Then, ZACB =
(b) 45° (c) 60°
7. Two equal circles touch each other externally at Cand AB is a common
i
(d) 90°
soscel
ta
eMATHEMtiaNnTgIeS,
s
ngent to the
the
(a) 60 (b) 45° (c) 30°
8 ABCis aright angled triangle, right angled at Bsuchthat BC =6cm and.
(d) 90° irdles
centre Ois inscribed in AABC. The radius of the circle is AB=8 cm..AAircle wiI
(a) lcmn (b) 2cm (c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm
9. PQis atangent drawn froma point Pto acircle with centre Oand QOR is a diameter.
such that ZPOR = 120°, then ZOPQ is of the cire
(a) 60 (b) 45° (c) 30° (d) 90°
10. Iffour sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangential toa circle, then
(a) AC+ AD = BD +CD (b) AB + CD = BC + AD
(c) AB+ CD = AC + BC (d) AC + AD = BC+ DB
11. The length of the tangent drawn from a
cm is point 8cm away from the centre of a circle of
(a) J7 cm (b) 2/7 cm
6 radius
(c) 10 cm (d) 5 cm
12. AB and CD are
two common tangents to circles which touch each other at C. IIf
that CD=4 cm, then AB is Dlies on
AB such
(a) 4 cm equal to
(b) 6 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 12 cm
13. If angle between two radii of a
circle is 130°, angle between the tangents at the ends of
the
(a) 90° (b) 50° radii is
(c) 70° (d) 40°
14. The maximnum number of common tangents that can be drawn to
twodistinct points is [NCERTEXEMPLARI
two circlesintersecting at
(a) 1 (b) 2
15. If two (c) 3 (d) 4
perpendicular
4 cm, then the length oftangents PA and PB are drawn from an external point to a circle of radius
(a) 3 cm
each tangent is
(b) 4 cm (c) 5 cm
16. In Fig. 8.32, equal circles (d) 6 cmn
with centres O and O' touch each other at P.
circle C(O, r) at A. AT is a tangent to the O0' is produced to meet
circle C(O, r). If O'O is
AQ perpendicular to AT, then
AT
2 1
(a) 3 (b) 1
1
2

Fig. 8.32
17. If from apoint Awhich is at a
distance of 13 cm from the centre O ofa circle of
pair of tangent AB and ACto the circle are drawn, radius 5 cm, the
(a) 60 cm? (b) 120 cm?
then the area of auadrilateral ABOC is
(c) 50cm? (d) 80 cm?
[NCERTEXEMPLAR]
18. If PAand PBare tangents to the circle with centre O such
that/A PB=50.then Z0AB 15
equal to
CIRCLES 135

(a) 250 (b) 30 (c) 40° (d) 50°

8.33, AB is a diameter and AC is a chord of a circle
19. InFig. ABCD is such that BAC =30°, If DC is a
tangent, then
(a) equilateral (b) right angled (c) isosceles (d) acute angled
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]

F
30
4 B

A D B R
Fig. 8.33 Fig. 8.34 Fig. 8.35
20. In Fig. 8.34. if AB =12 cm, BC = 8cm and AC = 10 cm, then AD =
(a) 5cm (b) 4 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 7 cm
L In Fig. 8.35, if AP = PB, then
(a) AC= AB (b) AC = BC () AQ= QC (d) AB = BC
2 In Fig. 8.36, if AP = 10 cm, then BP =
(a) V91 cm (b) V127 cm (c) V119 cm (d) V109 cm

A
A >R
6 cm P\60
S

3 cmy/ B
B R

Fig.8.37 Fig. 8.38

Fig.8.36

centre of the circle, then ZPOO=

23. In Fig. 8.37, if PR is tangent to the circle at P and Q is the
(a) 110° (b) 100o (c) 120° (d) 90°
circle, then PD +QB =
24. In Fig. 8.38, if quadrilateral PORS circumscribes a (d) PS
(b) QR (c) PR
(a) PQ
at T, if QP = 4.5 cm, then OR =
25. In Fig. 8.39, two equal circles touch each other (d) 13.5 cm
(a) 9 cmn (b) 18cm (c) 15 cm

P R

50
A P B
Fig.8.40
Fig. 8.39
centre O at point P. If ZQPB = 50°, then the
20. In Fig. 8.40, APBis atangent to a circle with
measure of POQ is
(c) 140° (d) 150°
(a) 100° (b) 120°
136

27, In Fig. 8.41, if a circle touches all four sides of a

PQ= 6.5 cm, OR =7.3 cm and PS = 4.2 cm. Then RS = quadrilateral
(a) 4.7 cm
4C2m
P (b) 5.3 cm
6.5 cm
(c) 5 cm (d) 7.3 cm
MATHEMAT`des
PQRS, whose

4cm 3cm 5 cm 12 cm
7 .c
3m
P

R
Fig. 8.41
28. In Fig.8.42, PR= Fig. 8.42
(a) 20 cm (b) 26 cm
29. Two circles of (c) 24 cm (d) 28 cm
same radii r and centres O and O'
Fig. 8.43. If O0' is produced to meet touch each other at P
the circle C(0,r) at A and as
C(O, r) such that OO L AT.
Then A0: A0' =
AT is a
tangent to the
in shown
(a) 3/2
(b) 2 (c) 3
circle
(d) 1/4
T

A
P
5 cm
3cm
A
Fig.8.43
30. In Fig. 8.44, two Fig.8.44
which touches theconcentric circles of radii3 cm and 5 cm are
inner circle at P is equal to given. Then length of chord BC
(a) 4 cm
(b) 6 cm ICBSE 2014)
31. In Fig. 8.45, there are (c) 8 cmn (d) 10cm
two
from point lying on the outerconcentric circles with centre O. PR and POS are
(a) 10 cm circle.
(b) 12 cm
IfPR = 7.5 cm, then PS is
equal to
tangents to the inner circle
(c) 15cm
(d) 18cm

Fig. 8.45
32. In Fig. 8.46, if AB =8cm Fig. 8.46
and PE = 3 cm, then AE =
(a) 11 cm (b) 7 cm
(c) 5 cmn
33. In Fig. 8.47, PQ and PR are (d) 3 crn
(a) a= 30°,b = 60° (b) atangents drawn from Pto acircle with I ZOPO = 35, then
(c) a = 40°, b= 50° centre
= 35°, b = 55° O..If
(d) a= 45°, b'= 45"

35°
a

R
Fig. 8.47
Fig. 8.48
CIRCLES 137

Fig.8.48,if TP and TQ are tangents drawn from an external point Tto acircle with centre 0
H In
suchthat 2TQP =60°,then LOPQ =
(a) 250 (b) 30° (c) 40° (d) 60°
5 InFig.
8.49, the sides AB, BC and CA of triangle ABC, touch acircle aat P, Qand Rrespectively. If
DA= 4cm, BP = 3cm and AC= 11 cm then length of BC is
(a) 1lcmn (b) 10cnm (d) 15 cm (CBSE 2012)
(c) 14cn
E

P R D F

Fig. 8.49 Fig. 8.50

nFig, 8.50, acircletouches the side DF of AEDF at Hand touches ED and EF produced at Kand
Mrespectively. If EK =9cm, then the perimeter of AEDF is [CBSE 2012]
(a) 18 cnm (b) 13.5 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 9 cm
ST. In Fig. 8.51, DE and DF are tangents from an external point Dto a circle with centre A. If
DE =5cm and DE 1 DF,then the radius of the circle is [CBSE 2013]
(a) 3 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 4 cmn (d) 6 cm

A
R

A
r

P
Fig.8.51 Fig. 8.52

quadrilateral ABCD such that, it touches sides

38. In Fig. 8.52, a circle with centre O is inscribed in a AB = 29 cm, AD = 23 cm,
BC, AB, AD and CD at points P, Q, R and S respectively. If
LB=90° and DS = 5 cm, then the radius of the circle (in cm) is
(d) 15 ICBSE 2013]
(a) 11 (b) 18 (c) 6
and AB = 5 cm. The radius of the circle
39. In aright triangle ABC, right angled at B, BC= 12 cm
inscribed in the triangle (in cm) is CBSE 2014)
(c) 2 (d) 1
(a) 4 (b) 3
common tangent to the circle touching them
40. Two circles touch each other externally at P. AB is a
at A and B. The value of ZAPB is (d) 90° [CBSE 2014]
(b) 45° (c) 60°
(a) 30°
circle with centre O. If ZQPR = 46°, then 00R
1. In Fig. 8.53, PO and PR are two tangents to a
equals (c) 44° (d) 46° [CBSE 2014]
(a) 67° (b) 134°

46°
P

Fig. 8.53 Fig. 8.54

circles touching externally at the point T. The
1 In Fig, 8.54, ORis a common tangent to the giventhe length of OR (in cm) is
tangent at T meets OR at P. If PT = 3.8 cm, then
138

(a) 3.8 (b) 7.6 (c) 5.7

and AD ouch the circle at P, 0, Rand S respectively. If AB =x BC =7

AS =5 cm, then =
(a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 8
such:
43. In Fig. 8.55, a quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscrilbe a circleCm,

(d) 7
(d) 1.9
MATHEMA TIEASB,C,
that its sides
cm, CR
=3Cm an
CBSE 201
B
Fig. 8.55 Fig. 8.56
44. In Fig. 8.56, if AD, AE and BC are tangents to the circle at D, Eand F1
(a) AD = AB + BC + CA
(c) 3AD = AB + BC + CA
(b) 2AD = AB + BC + CA
(d) 4AD = AB + BC + CA
respectively. Then,
45. InOR=Fig 8.57, RQ is a tangent to the circle with centre O. If SQ =6 cm and OR =4
(a) 8 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 2.5 cm
Cm, then
(d) 5 cm
R A

4 cm
6 cm

B
P 5cm >C
Fig.8.57
46. In Fig. 8.58, the perimeter of AABC is Fig. 8.58
(a) 30 cm (b) 60cm (c) 45 cm (d) 15 cm
47. In Fig. 8.60, AP is a tangent to the circle with
Then, AP= cerntre O such that OP = 4cm and ZOPA =30.
(a) 2/2 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 2V3 cm (d) 3v2 cm
[NCERT EXEMPLAR

30
A
Fig. 8.59
48, AP and AQ are tangents
drawn
OA = 15 cm, thern AP + AQ = from point A to a circle with centre Oand radius
a 9cm.
(a) 12 cm (b) 18 cm (c) 24 cm
49, At one end of a diameter PQ of a circle of radius 5 cm. tangent XPY (d) is36drawn
cm to thecircle.The
length of chord AB parallel to XY and at a
(a) 5 cm (b) 6cm distance of 8 cm fromn P is
(c) 7 cm (d) Ois8cm
50. If PT is tangent drawn from a point Pto a circle touching it at T and the centre ofthecirde
then OPT + Z POT =
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 180°
51. In Fig. 8.60, if
quadrilateral PQRS
(a) x=95°, y=95° circumscribes a circle, then
(b) x=100°, y =90°
CIRCLES
139

= 85°
(c) x=100°, y (d) x= 85°, y = 90°
A2 cmP+4 cmB
10
cm
80*
95\0

R
D R C

Fig. 8.60 Fig. 8.61

ln Fig. S.61, perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD is
(a) 28cm (b) 34 cm (c) 48cm (d) 36 cm
n Fig, S.62, if AQ =4 cm, QR =7 cm, DS =3 cm,then x=
(a) 6 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 11cm (d) 10 cm
P
A4cm->Q

D
B5 14 cm 39 cm

A P B

Fig. 8.62 Fig. 8.63

s4. In Fig.8.63, quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribed, touching the circle at P, 0, Rand S such that
DAB= 90°. If CR= 23 cm, CB = 39 cm and the radius of the circle is 14 cm, then AB =
(a) 16 cm (b) 39 cm (c) 37 cm (d) 30 cm
55. Two circles touch each other externally at P. If AB is a common tangent to the circles touching
them at Aand B. Then,APB =
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°
56. In Fig.8.64, if OC= 9 cm and OB = 15 cm, then BC+ BD =
(a) 18 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 24 cm (d) 36 cm

15 cm B

Fig. 8.64

CASE STUDY BASED

and the Sun. Following
57. Asolar eclipse occurs when the Moon passed between the Earth
diagram represents the total and partial eclipse.
Earth
Sun Moon

Umbra (total eclipse)

Penumbra (partial eclipse)
Fig. 8.65
140
MATHEMATICS-X
Based on the above informaion, answer the following questions:
) A are
The tangents to the Moon surface from the pointand
(a) AB and AC (b) AP and AQ
AB
(c) AP (d) AQand AC
(i) If ZPAQ= 40°, then the measure of POQ is (d) 140°
(a) 70° (b)40° (c) 50°
(ii) If ZPOQ= 110°, then ZQA0 = (d) 110°
(a) 55° (b) 35° (c) 70°
(iv) If ZPOQ= 130°, then 20PQ=
(a) 130 (c) 65° (d) 25°
(b) 50°
(V) If OP =9 units and Ois at a distance of 41 units from the point A, then the lengths ak
tangents AP and AQ are
(a) 40 Cm and 20 cm (b) 20cm and 40cm
() 40 cm each (d) 40 cm and 80 cm
58. The chain and gears of bicvcles or motorcycles or belt around pulleys are some real-life
illustrations of tangents to circles.

Z P
X

A P

Fig.8.66
Based on the informations exhibited in the abovediagrams, answer the following questions:
Pl and PA are tangents to the circle from point P. If arc IZA subtends an angle of 240° at the
centre of the circle, then ZIPA=
(a) 120° (b) 90° (c) 60° (d) 30°
(i1) If IP = 15 cm, then AI =
(a) 7.5 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 30cm (d) 18 cm
(iii) If IP = 21cm and measure of AP is x + 5, then x =
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) /26 (d) /30
(iv) ZOIP+ZAPO =
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 120o (d) 150°
(v) Measures of arcs IZA and 0XÁare in the ratio
(a) 4:1 (b) 3:1 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:1
ASSERTION -REASON
Each of the following questions contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and
and has following four choices (a),(b), (c) and (d), only one of which is the STATEMENT-2 (Reason)
correct answer. Mark the
correct choice,
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a explanation for
Statement-l.
correct explanation for Statenment-l.
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
sO Sta tement-1 (Assertion): The length of the tangent drawn from a point at a
from the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm is 10 distance of 13 Cm
cm.
Statement-2 (Reason): A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius nt
of contact. through
 141
RCLES

Statement-1(Assertion): Atangent to acircle is perpendicular to the radius through the point

of contact.
Statement-2(Reason): The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
equal.
Statement-1(Assertion): In Fig. 8.67, PA and PB aretangents drawn from an external point Pto
AL acircle with centre O. If ZAPB =80, then A0B =100.
A A

40°P

B B
Fig. 8.68
Fig. 8.67
external point to a
Statement-2 (Reason): The angle between two tangents drawn from an segments line
circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the
joining the points of contact at the centre. to a circle
are tangents drawn from an external point P
o Statement-1 (Assertion): If PAand PB
with centre O, then the quadrilateral AOBP is cyclic.
Statement-2 (Reason): The angle between two tangents drawn from
an external point to a
subtended by the line segments
circle is supplementary to the angle
joining the points of contact at the centre. to
(Assertion): In Fig. 8.68, PA and PB are tangents drawn from an external point Pthe
6. Statement-1 If C is a point
APB = 40°. on
a circle with centre O such that
circle, then ACB = 70°
to the circle are equal.
Statement-2 (Reason): The lengths of tangents drawn from P

ANSWERS

MULTIPLE CHOICE

7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b)

3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b)
1 (d) 2. (a) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (d)
13. (b) 14. (b) 15.(b) 16. (d)
11. (b) 12. (c) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (c)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25.(a) 39. (c) 40. (d)
35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a)
31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (b) 34. (b) 48. (c) 49. (d) 50. (c)
45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (c)
41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (b)
55.(d) 56. (c)
51. (c) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (d)
CASE STUDY BASED

(iv) (d) (v) (c)

57. (i) (a) (ii) (d) (ii) (b)
(ii) (a) (iv) (c) (v) (c)
58. (6) (c) (G) (b)
ASSERTION -REASON

59. (d) 60. (b) 61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (b)