Adverbs

What is an adverb???
Ad + verb
 add a meaning to a verb.

What does the adverb modify?
1. She loves me madly.
2. The girl is very clever.
3. He drives extremely fast.
4. He lives nearly on the top of the hill.
5. Look at the above sentence!
6. Luckily, I met him again yesterday.
What does the adverb modify?
1. He said almost outside the doorway.

2. Only when the man is in good health, is he truly
happy.
Adverbs
Adverb is a part of speech adding

Definition meaning to a verb, an adjective,
another adverb, even the whole
sentence.
(Le Huy Truong, et al., 2015)
Classification of English adverbs
Semantic criterion Structural criterion

1. Adv. of manner 1. Simple adv.
2. Adv. of place 2. Derived adv.
3. Adv. of time 3. Compound adv.
4. Adv. of frequency
5. Adv. of degree
6. Intensive adv. (Intensifier)
Adverbs of manner (A.M.)
1. Usage: denote the way in
which something is done
happily  answer the Q ‘how’
2. Formation:
… quickly
A.M.
3. Position:
suddenly slowly
Adverbs of place (A.P.)
1. Usage: denote the

location, position of sth.
here  answer the Q ‘where’
2. Formation:
… there
A.P.
3. Position:
in the class everywhere

Adverbs of time (A.T.)
1. Usage: denote the time

of the action
yesterday  answer the Q ‘when /
how long’
2. Formation:
… now
A.T.
3. Position:
Last
Monday tomorrow
Adverbs of frequency (A.F.)

frequency of the action
always  answer the Q ‘how often’
2. Formation:
… seldom
A.F.
3. Position:
hardly repeatedly
Adverbs of degree (A.D.)

degree to which the
quite action is performed
 answer the Q ‘To what
extent’
… fairly 2. Formation:
A.D.
3. Position:
rather absolutely
Intensive adverbs (I.A.) = Intensifier
1. Usage: strengthen the
meaning of the words
they modify
really - used with gradable adj.;
adj.(-ing); adv.; past
participle, phrase (adj. +
… greatly N.)
I.A. 2. Formation:
very extremely
3. Position:
Adverbs – Further types
how/ how often/ when/ where…
yes/ yeah/ certainly/ quite…
no/ not
maybe/ perhaps/ probably…
little/ much/ once…
This is the place where I met her.
particularly/ especially…
economically/ financially…
surprisingly/ luckily…
firstly/ however…
Formation of adverbs
1. Compounding
2. Conversion
3. Affixation
Adverb formation – Compounding
Main types Minor types

1. therefore/ hereafter/… 1. over and over
2. abroad/ along 2. now and then
3. ahead/ asleep 3. far and near
4. within/ without 4. …
5. inside/ outdoor
6. however
7. …
Adverb formation - Conversion
Adverb formation – Conversion
Adverb formation – Notes
Adverb formation – Affixation
1. Adj. + -ly: kindly/ foolishly/..
2. N. + -wards: homewards /..
3. N. + -wise: clockwise /..
Ways to add –ly:

1. Gay  gaily
2. Sensible/ capable  sensibly / capably
3. Extreme / sincere  extremely / sincerely
BUT: true  truly

whole  wholly
Adverb formation – Affixation
- Ways to add –ly - Notes
high (adv.)
high (adj.)
highly (adv.)
near (adv.)
near (adj.)
nearly (adv.)
Adverb formation – Affixation – Notes
manly (adj.)  in a manly manner
fatherly (adj.)  in a fatherly manner
…
Degrees of comparison of adverbs
1. Equal / Positive degree

2. Comparative degree
3. Superlative degree
Positions of adverb/adjunct
1. I yesterday went to the cinema with him.

2. They come always to my house by bus.
3. The builders will be tomorrow here.
4. She wrote carefully her assignment in order to get high
mark.
Position
1. of an adv. with a verb
2. of an adv. with an adj. / another adv.
3. of an adv. of interrogation
4. of an adv. of manner, of time, of place
5. of an adv. of frequency
6. of an adv. of viewpoint
Position of an adv. with a verb
(Rule of proximity)
Position of adv. with an adj./ another adv.
Position of an adv. of interrogation
Position of adv. of time/ place/ manner
Position of adv. of manner - Notes
Position of adv. of manner - Notes
1. This thing easily could have been done.

2. This thing could easily have been done.
3. This thing could have easily been done.
4. This thing could have been easily done.
5. This thing could have been done easily.
6. Easily, this thing could have been done.
Position of adv. of frequency
Position of adv. of frequency - Note
I usually stay at home in the evening. Sometimes,

I go to a movie.
Position of adv. of viewpoint
Fortunately, I didn’t live there.

Very frankly, I am very tired.
Surely, I don’t know the answer.
Inversion after adverbs happens …
1. After ‘here’, ‘there’…or after adverb particles

2. After a long adv. of place (an adjunct)
3. After negative or near-negative adv.
Inversion after adverbs
Here comes a taxi!

Up to the mountain went the bear.
BUT: Here you are!

1. In the forest are many exotic birds.
2. In the forest is he waiting for his prey.
3. In the forest is the hunter waiting for his preys.

1. Never have I eaten such a delicious meal.
2. Only by talking to him, can you know the truth.
3. Only when/ if you talk to him, can you know the truth.

Adverbs

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Adverbs

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Adverbs

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is an adverb???

 add a meaning to a verb.

1. He said almost outside the doorway.

Adverb is a part of speech adding

Semantic criterion Structural criterion

1. Usage: denote the

in the class everywhere

1. Usage: denote the time

1. Usage: denote the

1. Usage: denote the

Main types Minor types

Ways to add –ly:

BUT: true  truly

manly (adj.)  in a manly manner

fatherly (adj.)  in a fatherly manner

1. Equal / Positive degree

1. I yesterday went to the cinema with him.

1. This thing easily could have been done.

I usually stay at home in the evening. Sometimes,

Fortunately, I didn’t live there.

1. After ‘here’, ‘there’…or after adverb particles

Here comes a taxi!

BUT: Here you are!

1. In the forest are many exotic birds.

2. In the forest is he waiting for his prey.

3. In the forest is the hunter waiting for his preys.

1. Never have I eaten such a delicious meal.

2. Only by talking to him, can you know the truth.

You might also like