Report Yashwani
Report Yashwani
Test Report
Test Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
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Test Report
Test Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
leucocyte counts are additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of
blood
Comments
There is leucocytosis with neutrophilia
There is monocytosis
Advised:
Followup and clinical correlation
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Interpretation
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| RESULT | REMARKS |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Reactive | Indicates presence of IgM & IgG antibodies against Salmonella spp. |
|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Non-Reactive | Indicates absence of IgM & IgG antibodies against Salmonella spp. |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
1.Titres ≥1:80 of “O” antigen & ≥1:160 of “H” antigen for Salmonella typhi and titres ≥1:80 of “H” antigen
for Salmonella paratyphi A & B are significant.
2. Rising titres in paired samples taken 7-10 days apart are more significant than a single test.
3. Reactive results indicates ongoing or recent infection by Salmonella spp. and the diagnosis should be
confirmed by gold standard test such as Blood culture prior to start of antibiotics.
4. The reactivity will vary with stage of the disease with appearance in 1st week to increase in titres till
end of 4th week post which it starts decreasing.
5. In TAB vaccinated patients, high titres of H antibody of ≥1:160 to each of Salmonellae is observed.
They tend to persist for many months and even years while O antibody shows lower titres and
disappears within 6 months.
6. Antibiotic treatment during 1st week before the appearance of antibodies tend to supress the immune
response in the form of no or decreasing antibody levels.
7. False positive results/anamnestic response may be seen in patients with past enteric infection during
unrelated fevers like Malaria, Influenzae etc. in the form of transient rise in H antibody in Widal test.
8. False negative results may be due to processing of sample collected early in the course of disease
(1st week) and immunosuppression.
9. Test conducted on serum.
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Comments
CRP is an acute phase reactant which is used in inflammatory disorders for monitoring course and effect of
therapy. It is most useful as an indicator of activity in Rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatic fever, tissue injury or
necrosis and infections. As compared to ESR, CRP shows an earlier rise in inflammatory disorders which
begins in 4-6 hrs, the intensity of the rise being higher than ESR and the recovery being earlier than ESR.
Unlike ESR, CRP levels are not influenced by hematologic conditions like Anemia, Polycythemia etc.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN IgM, SERUM 94.10 mg/dL 50.00 - 300.00
(Immunoturbidimetry)
Comments
IgM is the largest immunoglobulin molecule that makes 6% of the total immunoglobulins. It is the first specific
antibody to appear in serum after infection which is capable of activating complement and killing bacteria .
Post infection IgM returns rapidly to normal levels as compared to IgG. If IgM is prevalent, the infection is
acute whereas if IgG predominates, the infection is chronic. Polyclonal IgM increase is seen in viral, bacterial
and parasitic infections, Liver diseases, Rheumatoid arthritis, Scleroderma, Cystic fibrosis & heroin
addiction. Monoclonal IgM increase is seen in Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia. Decreased synthesis of
IgM is found in Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiency diseases. Decreased IgM levels are seen in
Protein losing enteropathies and skin burns.
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Interpretation
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|RESULT IN INDEX | REMARKS |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Negative |No detectable Dengue NS1 antigen.The Result does not rule out Dengue infection.|
| (<0.90) |An additional sample should be tested for IgG & IgM serology in 7-14 days. |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Equivocal |Repeat sample after 1 week |
| (0.90 - 1.10) | |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Positive |Presence of detectable dengue NS1 antigen. Dengue IgG & IgM serology assay |
| (>1.10) |should be performed on follow up samples after 5-7 days of onset of fever,to |
| |confirm dengue infection. |
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Note: Recommended test is NS1 Antigen by ELISA in the first 5 days of fever. After 7-10 days of fever, the
recommended test is Dengue fever antibodies IgG & IgM by ELISA
Comments
Dengue viruses belong to the family Flaviviridae and have 4 subtypes (1-4). Dengue virus is transmitted by the
mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, widely distributed in Tropical and Subtropical areas of the
world. Dengue is considered to be the most important arthropod borne viral disease due to the human
morbidity and mortality it causes. The disease may be subclinical, self limiting, febrile or may progress to a
severe form of Dengue hemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock syndrome
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Physical
pH 5 5.0 - 8.0
Chemical
Microscopy
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AHEEEHAPMKHIBLANLCAGFPNCBILLJCECCLKCIKPJNKEDFJFAPPAHEEEHA
BNFFFNBPAPBHFGAGFGEGJOAPAOAHFHAKAONOBCJCBLEKMOJGNPBNFFFNB
CIEGFGFLJOPCAFNOPFIAAJHFJEFEHEDFLKPHENFLMLKIOEFLBKGDEHANP
DJOCKIFNBPFIEDIABJNELFMFANHLBKAFJIFEOAOAKCLJPDNLIDPBKEMEK
LDNOLHFJOJJFDIAIKEECKPJJKENNMBIHKKMDECEIPLKGKPNGKFFFOMMJD
KICBBEFNMICGDIHKIDIKBIPBADHFOFAINCFCBKDKALIKONNALNEIPOMCD
PPIMIJFJILODKCGIEKMONGFHIHAFJBALOLEPBLMIKJCHKJFLAJNNIDILD
NJJJAMFNALPELILJGANHDAAILKBMFMBHKFCCAMNNIIKNOPNOBNFMBHILL
NKGOJKFGJACGFAAGNPOIHEAKHMFFEKFBJFFKBLOFOOBIOCNKDJPHNEKLJ
OPFJIDFCEPBJJDCJKCFFGPNBBDFKPNJHKEPJADNLNKCKIGEOCAGKHJANK
HAIKOLFLGKCBMPAMPNBGCJEEINMOHKJBJMFEBFOFPNDMKPFKEPCIGCIEO
IKICGJFCPLDMGEJMHHGMPOBEIEOPPFOEAINPBLNOOLJBIKNJPKONHDICL
MNNNNNEHKFBIAOKJOCFLHGEHJBAHFHAJPKPFCMNLMKJCLFNPAHFHAHIKL
APBBBPAPBHKAEJBMKOBKCBKFAGFCHHCAONFEPLPGOLMHNLNFEDFHDBKHH
HHHHHHHPHPPPHPPPPPPPPPHPPHPPPPPPPPPHHHPPPHHHPHPHHHHHHHPHP
Result/s to follow:
CULTURE, URINE
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