RW - Module 1:

1) The luck of the wealthy artists did not occur to him when fully occupied with his own work, for
then he forgot food and drink and all the world. But when dire ____ arrived, when he had no
money where with to buy brushes and colors, when his implacable landlord came ten times a day
to demand the rent for his rooms, then did it recur to his hungry imagination.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) want B) absence
C) ambition D) greed

2) As rocks containing trace amounts of water descend from the upper mantle into the much
hotter lower mantle, they ____ a melting process - called dehydration melting - that releases
the water.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) undergo B) proceed with

C) endure D) suffer

3) The education of women should be extended to include medical training, and they should be
____ to perform even more of the tasks traditionally conducted by male practitioners in the
war field.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) empowered B) exhilarated
C) inspired D) incited

4) Dr. Soman advises in his paper that “the key step in getting things done is to get started.” But
what ____ that? He believes the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in the way humans
categorize time.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) prompts B) constraint
C) accelerates D) persuades

5) It’s true that the duties of government and legislation were long wholly neglected or carelessly
performed [by the British in India]. It’s true that when the conquerors at length began to apply
themselves in earnest to the discharge of their high functions, they committed the errors natural
to rulers who were but imperfectly acquainted with the language and manners of their subjects.
It’s true that some plans, which were dictated by the purest and most benevolent feelings, have
not been ____ by the desired success.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) frequented B) maintained
C) replaced D) attended

6) Every colonist knows that they are a mere handful in this country and it is the business of
every one of them to befool you in believing that you are weak and they are strong. This is
politics.

According to the text, “business” most nearly means

A) objective B) movement
C) livelihood D) right

7) Mama called, “Come back, you will be lost in all those people.” Ayana looked back in panic; she
thought her mother was right behind her. The crowd was too thick for her to turn back, and she
was borne along on the current of the people. She gained the double doors and was pushed out
onto a long sidewalk that ran the length of the station.

According to the text, “gained” most nearly means

A) reached B) increased
C) attracted D) defeated

8) They neared the fir forest and found the air above the path alive with butterflies. Despite the
wet hair stuck to his forehead and raindrops stippling his wire-framed glasses, Preston was in
heaven, “There-goes-King-Billy, there-goes-King-Billy! Five-four-three-two-one-blastoff!” Soon
there were too many kings for each one to get his own announcement, but Preston’s mouth still
moved silently.

It can reasonably be inferred from the text that Preston begins to mouth words silently because
he

A) has been cautioned by his mother not to startle the butterflies.

B) worries that speaking aloud will reveal his unfamiliarity with the forest environment.

C) realizes the butterflies are so numerous that he cannot call attention to them individually.

D) wishes to mimic the characteristic silence of the butterflies themselves.

9) The Bretton Woods system was hailed as a vast improvement over both the rigid gold standard
of pre-1914 and the monetary anarchy of the interwar period. For a quarter-century, Bretton
Woods undergirded a rare period of steady growth, full employment, and financial stability. But
in many respects, the vaunted role of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the
Bretton Woods rules specifying fixed exchange rates was a convenient mirage. The system’s true
anchor was the United States—the U.S. dollar as de facto global currency; the U.S. economy as
the residual consumer market for other nations exports; and U.S. recovery aid in the form of the
Marshall Plan, which dwarfed the outlays of the World Bank.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) In contrast to that chaos created previously, the Bretton Woods system was a success.

B) The perceived success of the Bretton Woods system was largely due to several U.S. economic
influences.

C) The Bretton Woods system succeeded in the U.S. economy but had little impact elsewhere.

D) Under the Marshall Plan, the United States provided postwar recovery aid to numerous
countries.

10) Previous studies had noted anomalous concentrations of microplastics in the animal bodies,
but researchers couldn’t discount the possibility that the tiny particles of the microplastics had
got into the body through the skin, rather than through consumption. That’s where Mel’s team’s
 new study gleams. By growing mice in enclosures insulated from airborne microplastic and
feeding them with microplastic-laced solutions, the researchers demonstrated that mice actually
pick up the microplastic from food and deposit it within their bodies.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

A) point out an unexpectedly humorous aspect of the experiment carried out by Mel’s team.

B) draw an analogy between Mel’s team’s research and research done in another field of study.

C) characterize the problem that Mel’s team’s experiment was intended to address.

D) emphasize the most compelling aspect of the research conducted by Mel’s team.

11) Abraham Lincoln came into the Presidential chair upon one principle alone, namely,
opposition to the extension of slavery. His arguments in furtherance of this policy had their
motive and mainspring in his patriotic devotion to the interests of his own race. To protect,
defend, and perpetuate slavery in the states where it existed Abraham Lincoln was not less ready

details than any other President to draw the sword of the nation. He was ready to execute all the
supposed constitutional guarantees of the United States Constitution in favor of the slave system
any where inside the slave states.

Based on the text, which statement best describes Lincoln’s position on slavery early in his
presidency?

A) Slavery should be legally abolished throughout the United States as quickly as possible.

B) Slavery should be tolerated as an unfortunate but necessary element of the United States
economy.

C) Slavery should not be challenged in states where it is already established, but it should not be
permitted beyond those states.

D) Slavery should be eliminated gradually in states where it currently exists and should not be
extended to more states.

12) Half a century ago, many scientists thought abyssal hills resulted from cracks in Earth’s crust,
or faults. Nowadays, scientists still agree that faults play a role in shaping the sea floor
topography, but new works emphasize the importance of volcanism in creating the hills in the
first place. “Faulting could be a secondary process as opposed to the primary one,” scientist Lund
says.

The text suggests that scientists now would most likely critique the long-held theory relating
abyssal hills to seafloor faults because that theory

A) fails to address variations in the heights of seafloor abyssal hills.

B) does not give sufficient weight to the influence of magma eruptions.

C) places insufficient importance on the effect of the cooling magma on the seafloor.

D) challenges the new findings about the effect of climate cycles on seafloor topography.

13) Liam’s smile was irresistible. His smile was delightful, unless you were angry with him
beforehand: it was a gush of inward light illuminating the transparent skin as well as the eyes,
and playing about every curve and line as if some Ariel were touching them with a new charm,
and banishing for ever the traces of moodiness. The reflection of that smile could not but have a
little merriment in it too.

The text suggests that Liam is

A) unknowingly self-centered.

B) excessively moody.

C) needlessly cautious.

D) physically attractive.

14) Evolutionary biologist and University of Toronto professor Spencer Barrett wanted to
challenge the assumption that invasive plants thrived in their new habitats without internally
changing their characteristics. To accomplish this, he and postdoctoral fellow Robert Colautti, of
the University of British Columbia, planted the invasive Lythrum salicaria in different regions in
North America to determine whether and how the plants adapted to distinct climates.
Specifically, they transplanted Lythrum salicaria from Virginia (South America) to Timmins
(North America) and vice versa in what is known as a common garden experiment. All plants in the
experiments are raised apart from each other and in stable environments.

Which discovery best supports professor Spencer Barrett’s goal?

A) Originally, transplanted plants yielded up to 37 times as many fruits as the local plant grown at
the same location; this disparity reduced overtime.

B) Originally, transplanted plants maximized seed production compared to local plants at the
same location; this disparity reduced overtime.

C) Northern Timmins plants that were grown in Virginia averaged only a quarter of the seeds of
the locally adapted plants.

D) The plant was found not only to have adapted to a drastically different climate as it migrated
but to have evolved this ability in a matter of mere decades.

15) It was in the "office" still that Isabel was sitting reading on that melancholy afternoon of early
spring. Suddenly she became aware of steps very different from her own intellectual pace; she
listened a little, and perceived that someone was walking about the library, which communicated
with the office. It struck her first as the step of a person from whom she had reason to expect a
visit; then almost immediately announced itself as the tread of a woman and a stranger - her
possible visitor being neither.

The text indicates that Isabel is

A) annoyed at having her reading interrupted.

detail
B) afraid of noise because she is home alone.

C) expecting a male acquaintance.

D) started by a stranger’s appearance.

16) The dependence of the colonies on the mother-country has ever been acknowledged. It is an
impropriety of speech to talk of an independent colony. The words independence and colony,
convey contradictory ideas: much like killing and sparing. As soon as a colony becomes
independent of its parent state, it ceases to be any longer a colony; just as when you kill a sheep,
you cease to spare him. The British colonies make a part of the British Empire. As parts of the
body they must be subject to the general laws of the body.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

A) question the wisdom of a radical course of action.

B) show the underlying similarity between two historical events.

C) clarify an abstract concept through the use of analogy.

D) illustrate the potentially harmful consequences of an idea.

17) Plants lack muscles, but for some, surface tension can substitute, such as in grasses, which
can expel the heavy rain drops to protect themselves. Surface tension might also be enough to
propel a microrobot. Today's microrobots all require electrical tethers, because no battery is
both sufficiently powerful and small enough to be carried on board. Eventually scientists want to
equip robots with surface-tension-driven "muscles" that won't require external power. "But first
we need to know how the biology works," says one member of the investigating team.

The author uses the word "tethers" most likely to

A) allude to the need for muscle power to free the microrobots.

B) focus on alternate power sources for microrobots. function

C) imply that the microrobots' range of motion is restricted

D) stress the expense of attaching batteries to microrobots.

18) The lack of wireless signal can be an advantage for full-time residents at Green Bank - a
haven for people who want—or need—a simpler way of life. When students leave Green Bank to
go to college, they tell their new classmates that they gathered with friends around bonfires on
weekends instead of going to shopping malls. Jay Lockman, a scientist at the observatory, joins
an informal band in the evenings. He explains: ____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) “It's just like trying to see the stars from a brightly lit football field.”

B)“We start together and we end together, and sometimes that just seems astonishing.”

C) “A typical quasar will give off radio waves that are a billionth, of a billionth, of a millionth of a
watt when they get to Earth.”

D) “It really goes back to the time when if you wanted to hear music, you had to play it yourself.”

19) Scientist Henkel hypothesized that the facility, or the ease of storing images, provided by
digital photography may well come at the cost of cognitive engagement. To test this hypothesis,
she recruited a random group of 100 participants and randomly assigned them into 3 groups:
some of the subjects simply observed the objects at a museum (mentally effortless); some
photographed whole the objects with the digital camera (mentally challenging); some
photographed with explicit instructions to zoom in on a detail in the subjects (mentally
challenging). The following day, Henkel gathered the participants and tested their memories
about the museum experience by asking them about details and locations of objects they have
seen at the museum.

Which information from the table most directly challenges the scientist’s hypothesis?

A) Photographing a whole object leads to the most accurate recollection of its location.
B) Photographing part of an object leads to a more accurate recollection of detail than does

observing it.

C) Photographing a whole object leads to a less accurate recollection than does observing it.

D) Photographing part of an object leads to greater accuracy in recalling the object’s location
than does merely observing it.

20) Employees began cleaning up their workspaces and gathering their belongings to go home.
The security guard performed his daily duty of locking one of two 9th-floor exits as a measure to
prevent theft. All seemed normal until someone on the 8th floor____, “Fire!”

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) cry B) cries

C) crying D) cried

21) As swing music became increasingly ____ tapping evolved into a more organized dance style
known as swing dancing. Teenagers and adults alike filled their local dance halls to lunge, dip,
and spin the night away.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) popular; toe B) popular toe

C) popular, toe D)popular. Toe

22) My favorite place to play was at my ____ house. They had an in-ground pool in their
backyard, and that pool was my dolls’ house.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) grandparents B) grandparent’s

C) grandparents’ D) their
23) Have you ever done a handstand, somersault, or pirouette? Chances are that you have, and
even if you ____, it is likely that you’ve seen someone else attempt such a feat.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) hadn’t B) haven’t

C) won’t D) didn’t

24) While her influence in judicial matters is most certainly notable, it is her status as a woman
for which she is most remembered; Sonia Sotomayor helped ____ the way for future
generations of women.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) to pave B) paving

C) the paving D) with the paving

25) Year after year, the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and
Theodore Roosevelt leave many visitors ____

Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?

A) feeling emotions of inspiration.

B) emotional with inspiration.

C) inspirational feeling.

D) feeling inspired.

26) Chinese calligraphy ____nearly 5,000 years. Around 200 B.C., a 3,000-character index was
established for use by Chinese scholars.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) dates back B) date back from

C) date back D) were dated back

27) Hamlet is considered among the "most powerful and influential tragedies in the English
language". Despite ____, the play closed after only two weeks.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) it’s popularity B) their popularity

C) it’s being popular D) its popularity

28) Amanda took voice lessons last year, and ____

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) she has been singing in the choir ever since.

B) then in the choir she has been singing ever since.

C) so singing in the choir she has been ever since.

D) ever since then she has been singing in the choir.

29) The sun was setting quickly behind the left field bleachers, and ____

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) the infield continued to be muddied by the steady downpour.

B) the infield, by the steady downpour, continued to be muddied.

C) the steady downpour, muddying the infield, continued.

D) the steady downpour continued to muddy the infield.

30) The potter took the assorted greenware down to the kiln, ____ designed to bake pottery to
a hardness that drying alone cannot produce.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) it is a brick structure

B) the brick structure is

C) a brick structure

D) brick

31) While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Print books have the feel of a book that many readers love. You can hold it, turn the
pages, and feel the paper.
● Illustrations on paper are generally higher quality than even high-end e-readers can
reproduce.
● E-books come with font style and size flexibility.
● E-readers can store thousands of books on a single device.

The student wants to make a comparison between e-books and print books. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Illustrations on paper are generally higher quality than even high-end e-readers can
reproduce.

B) E-books come with font style and size flexibility and thousands of e-books can be stored on a
single device.

C) Illustrations on paper are generally higher quality but print books don't have font style
flexibility.

D) While print books have the feel of a book that many readers love, e-books come with font
style and size flexibility.

32) While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Emily Dickinson is one of America’s greatest and most original poets of all time
● She experimented with expression in order to free it from conventional restraints.
● She crafted a new type of persona for the first person.
● She delighted in all aspects of her school—the curriculum, the teachers, the students.
 ● Emily Norcross Dickinson’s retreat into poor health in the 1850s.

The student wants to emphasize Emily Dickinson’s way of writing poems to an audience
unfamiliar with her. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

A) One of America’s greatest and most original poets of all time, Emily Dickinson experimented
with expression to free it from conventional restraints.

B) Emily Dickinson crafted a new type of persona for the first person.

C) Emily Norcross Dickinson, one of America’s greatest and most original poets of all time,
retreated into poor health in the 1850s.

D) Emily Dickinson, delighted in all aspects of her school—the curriculum, the teachers, the
students.

33) While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Avatar is a 2009 epic science fiction film directed, written, co-produced and co-edited
by James Cameron.
● It’s set in the mid-22nd century when humans are colonizing Pandora to mine the
valuable mineral unobtainium.
● Pandora is a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system.
● Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million.
● Avatar is the second-highest-grossing movie with a total of more than $3 billion.

The student wants to emphasize the reason humans colonize Pandora in Avatar. Which choice
most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Pandora is a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system.

B) A lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system, Pandora attracts
humans for its valuable mineral unobtainium.

C) Avatar’s set in the mid-22nd century when humans are colonizing Pandora, a lush habitable
moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system.

D) Avatar’s is the second-highest-grossing movie with a total of more than $3 billion because
humans are colonizing Pandora to mine the valuable mineral unobtainium.
RW - Module 2:

1) Using data from the new map, researchers realize that the global distribution of cooperatively
breeding birds overlaps strikingly with that of brooding parasites. This overlap need not ____ a
causal relationship.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) consider B) reflect
C) speculate D) reproduce

2) Regarding the Chinese government, I see one anxiously bent on the public good. I see a
paternal feeling towards the great people committed to its ____. I see the public in the mind of
China.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) charge B) invasion
C) accusation D) expense

3) Researchers have developed methods of compressing air that reach much better efficiency
levels by ____ the heat required to compress the air and reusing it to heat the decompressing
air.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) apprehending B) capturing
C) arresting D) seizing

4) Andrew Ellicott helped build the capital Washington, D.C., in the south of the United States. A
National Park Service plaque at Jones Point was built to ____ he man’s contributions in shaping
the capital.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) commemorate B) memorize
C) magnify D) fossilize

5) When any individual or combination of individuals undertakes to decide for any man when he
shall work, where he shall work, at what he shall work, and for what he shall work, he or they
____ reduce him to slavery. He is a slave.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) effectively B) reasonably
C) cleverly D) partially

6) A short period of exquisite felicity followed, and but a short one. Troubles soon arose.

According to the text, “exquisite” most nearly means

A) intricate B) intense
C) delicate D) elegant

7) The phenomenon of false memories is common to everybody — the party you’re certain you
attended in high school, say, when you were actually home with the flu, but so many people have
told you about it over the years that it’s made its way into your own memory cache. False
memories can sometimes be a mere curiosity, but other times they have real implications.
Innocent people have gone to jail when well-intentioned eyewitnesses testify to events that
actually unfolded an entirely different way.

According to the text, “curiosity” most nearly means

A) concern B) question
C) oddity D) wonder

8) Although the Isle Royale’s limited resources have downsized the moose here, ongoing research
suggests that another evolutionary process has been countering that force: wolf predation seems
to be selecting for larger moose. Smaller moose are more likely to end up as wolf fare, and that
preference shows up in the bone collection: the longer the metatarsus was, the older the moose
was, which makes it more likely that the moose had had more offspring. And since most of the
metatarsus develops in utero and is fully grown by the time the moose is one to two years
old,“the pattern of increasing bone length with increasing age can’t have a physiological
explanation,” says Vucetich.

What evidence in the passage supports the claim that wolf predation may be leading to larger
body size in Isle Royale moose?
support/undermine

A) A comparison of the metatarsal lengths in mainland and Isle Royale moose before and after
the arrival of wolves on Isle Royale.

B) A correlation between moose metatarsal length and age that is not attributable to normal
growth patterns.

C) Data pointing to a rise in the wolf population and a corresponding decrease in the moose
population.

D) The demonstrated tendency for large mammalian species to follow the island rule in the face
of limited resources.

9) Women have long yearned for being equal to men, being able to do what men do. For over
fifteen years there was no word of this yearning in the millions of words written about women,
for women, in all the columns, books and articles by experts telling women their role was to seek
fulfillment as wives and mothers. Over and over women heard in voices of tradition and of
Freudian sophistication that they could desire—no greater destiny than to glory in their own
femininity. Experts told them how to catch a man and keep him . . . .

Which of the following does the text suggest about publications for and about women in the
mid-twentieth-century United States?

A) They contained numerous advertisements for household products.

B) They were filled with advice columns devoted to working women’s careers.

C) They were almost all written and published by men.

D) They neglected to challenge the mainstream view of women’s circumstances.

10) In radioactive environments, when particles are fired into a piece of copper, they will knock
countless copper atoms out of their positions in the metal’s crystalline structure. A few
trillionths of a second later, most of the atoms settle back into the crystal’s lineup, but a handful
are permanently displaced, unable to fit back in anywhere. “After irradiation the size can
increase up to 10 percent because of the atoms moving to the surface, and that’s bad because if
you make parts that all fit together, and then they swell, nothing fits together like it’s designed
to” says Blas Uberuaga, a materials scientist.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

A) explain an impediment to testing a theory.

B) describe the origin of a newly discovered compound.

C) offer a speculation about the cause of a transformation.

D) elaborate on the implications of a phenomenon.

11) My grandpa, quite frightened by his driver’s boldness in traffic, felt curious about the woman
hidden inside a uniform that was too big for her and wearing a bear hunter’s cap. He was not a
man to give in easily to sentimental impulses, and if the idea of seducing her briefly crossed his
mind, he immediately dismissed it as awkward. My grandma on the other hand, who had nothing
to lose, decided to collar the astronomer. She sensed that the two of them had a lot in common:
he had astronomy and she had astrology, which she considered to be practically the same thing.
She thought they’d both come from a long way away to meet at this spot on earth and in their
destinies, it was written in the stars.

The narrator implies that compared with her grandpa, her grandma is

A) wiser and more philosophical.

B) more intelligent and innovative.

C) quieter and more reflective.

D) more assured and decisive.

12) We reject the current assumptions that a man must carry the sole burden of supporting
himself, his wife, and family, and that a woman is automatically entitled to lifelong support by a
man upon her marriage, or that marriage, home and family are primarily woman's world and
responsibility—hers to dominate—his to support. We believe that a true partnership between the
sexes demands a different concept of marriage, an equitable sharing of the responsibilities of
home and children and of the economic burdens of their support.

Which choice is strongly suggested by the text?

A) Men are unfairly burdened by financial responsibilities.

B) The media attempt to present accurate images of women.

C) Women in the mid-twentieth-century United States were unhappy.

D) Experts have been giving women misinformation.

13) Researcher Blackiston was convinced that some aspects of the caterpillar's nervous system
was carried over into butterflies. However, he also found that this only happened at the last
possible stage before they pupate. Any earlier, and the memories don't stick. This may be
because if the larvae are too young, these areas haven't developed yet and any learned
information is stored in the gamma lobe and lost when its connections are trimmed back in the
pupa. But, why bother? The entire advantage of metamorphosis rests on the very different
lifestyles and habitats of caterpillars and moths, which allow them to avoid competing with each
other. Nonetheless, moths and butterflies must still return to the right sort of plant in order to
lay their eggs and it’s suggested that their larva-hood memories may help them to do so.

Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

A) introduce a new line of discussion.

function

B) give a clear picture of metamorphosis.

C) illustrate the two sides of a problem.

D) indicate why a particular capability might be useful.

14)

Text 1

The Plant Neurobiological view sees plants as information-processing organisms with complex
communications of various types occurring throughout the individual plant. What we need to
find out is how their information is gathered and processed, what routes do data take, and how
are adaptive responses integrated and coordinated, how are these events ‘remembered’ in order
to allow realistic predictions of the future using past experiences.

Text 2

“Plants have both short- and long-term electrical signaling, and they use some
neurotransmitter-like chemicals as chemical signals,” says Lincoln Taiz, an emeritus professor of
plant physiology at U.C. Santa Cruz. “But the mechanisms are quite different from those of true
nervous systems.” Taiz says that the writings of the plant neurobiologists suffer from
“over-interpretation of data, teleology, anthropomorphizing, philosophizing, and wild
speculations.” He is confident that eventually the plant behaviors we can’t yet account for will be
explained by the action of chemical or electrical pathways, without recourse to “animism.”

It can reasonably be inferred that Lincoln Taiz (Text 2) would expect a rigorous investing of the
questions referred to on Text 1 to

A) emphasize the number of events to which biological systems can routinely adapt.

B) demonstrate that all plant behaviors researched comply with generally accepted biochemical
and physical processes.

C) undermine the claim by plant neurobiology that plants use chemical and electrical rings.

D) prove instructive for scientists wanting more about what constitutes a true nervous system.

15) The following text is adapted from Wallace Steven’s 1921 poem “The Snow Man.”

“One must have a mind of winter

To regard the frost and the boughs

Of the pine-trees crusted with snow;

And have been cold a long time

To behold the junipers shagged with ice,

The spruces rough in the distant glitter”

detail

The poem implies all those things EXCEPT

A) One’s perceptions might alter (or even co-create) what one encounters.

B) To truly understand a scene, one must see it without symbolic and emotional associations.

C) One must let one’s mind be a part of the scene, rather than standing outside observing, to
truly understand it.

D) The winter scene was charming and appealing to the speaker.

16) “No Man Is an Island” is a 1623 poem by John Donne. In the poem, the speaker suggests that
every man is connected to and should care for each other: ______.

Which quotation from “No Man Is an Island” best illustrates the claim?

A) “HAIL holy light, ofspring of Heav'n first-born, Or of th' Eternal Coeternal beam.”

B) “if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well”

C) “No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.”

D) “as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friend's or of thine own were”

17) Cats first entered human society about 9,500 years ago, not long after people first took up
farming in the Middle East. Drawn to rodents that had invaded grain stores, wildcats slunk out of
the deserts and into villages. There, many scientists suspect, they mostly domesticated
themselves, with the friendliest ones able to take advantage of human table scraps and
protection. Over thousands of years, cats shrank slightly in size, acquired a panoply of coat
colors and patterns, and (largely) shed the antisocial tendencies of their past.

Which finding, if true, would most directly support the scientists’ suspicion?
 sup/udm

A) Cat bones found at ancient human tombs in the Middle East were much larger than their
modern counterparts.

B) Rodents’ populations at ancient human villages in the Middle East were outnumbered by those
in the wild.

C) Archeological records show that ancient humans in the Middle East tended to dispel cats to
avoid bad luck.

D) Though cats were fearsome predators in the past, they socialized well with each other.

18) Compared to traditional methods, vertical farms maximize available space by stacking plant
racks on top of each other inside skyscrapers and by growing crops year-round, regardless of
weather conditions. This method of farming increases crop production per square meter,
yielding much more food than does a traditional farming method employed on an equivalent area
of land. Moreover, as their indoor facilities can be placed anywhere there is sufficient light and
energy, vertical farms can be located where they are most needed: in cities. As demand for
agricultural produce continues to increase, ____

Which choice most logically concludes the text?

A) vertical-farming advocates will likely encourage consumers to patronize local businesses,

including vertical farms.

B) vertical-farming advocates seek additional ways to allow sunlight into city buildings so the
plants can grow.

C) researchers are continuing to investigate the feasibility of using low-cost LED lights in vertical
farming.

D) vertical farming and similar efforts to meet the world’s nutritional needs can only become
more important.

19) Ultimately, a company’s success is dependent on talented employees, and many firms today
are turning to social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, and linkedin, to recruit
new employees. SNS allows companies to engage with a more interconnected world. As Chirag
Nangia, the CEO of Reppify, a company that specializes in using social media data for
recruitment purposes, explains,____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) “Remember, half the talent out there is always looking for the next big opportunity, and birds
of the same feather flock together.”

B) “It is a challenge to derive useful information, such as passion around a particular technology
or relevant professional connections.”

C) “Social media can become a fascinating place for employers to find talent that they may not be
able to find otherwise.”

D) “We do think the use of social media by employers will continue to be the trend.”

20) Amanda must ____ us talking, because she began to walk toward us.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) have heard B) have heard of

C) of heard about D) of heard

21) When one of the European Union’s twenty official languages ____ at a meeting, translation
services must be available for all of the other languages.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) are used B) is used

C) are being used D) are in use

22) The campers glimpsed the ____ sunset from the top of the hill. This would be one of the
scenes they will never forget.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) arresting beautiful B) arrestingly beautiful

C) arresting beautifully D) arrestingly beautifully

23) He had dismantled a clockwork mouse borrowed from a master crafts-man, made detailed
drawings of ____ components, and returned it—fully functioning—to the craftsman.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) it’s B) its’

C) its D) their

24) The doctor focused his imagination and intelligence ____ devising a way to solve the
problem.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) to B) at

C) on D) for

25) ____ the Park Service’s stewardship, the city’s park system flourished.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) Under B) As

C) In D) By

26) Over many weeks, ____ the potter’s collection slowly grows: terra cotta bowls, vases, and
urns fill the studio.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) as time goes by, B) with the passing of time,

C) gradually D) OMIT
27) Although Marcus passed away in 2005, his finest ____ Le Theatre de Danse—continues to be
a beacon of artistic excellence.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) achievement: B) achievement,

C) achievement— D) achievement

28) Professor Melville’s ____ and her unique philosophy toward thought in animals appear quite
dissimilar.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) depiction of reality B) depiction, of reality,

C) depiction of reality, D) depiction, of reality

29) The overhead wires used to provide electricity were replaced with underground ____ made
a new cityscape possible.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) cables, they B) cables, which

C) cables in which D) cables those

30) The charming elements of the city are difficult to ____ the vintage lights, the cobbled
streets, and the historic buildings.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) avoid B) avoid:

C) avoid, D) avoid;
31) Astronauts are able to leave the shuttle via a series of ____ chambers that protect the
manufactured atmosphere inside the craft.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) airlocks, unique B) airlocks. Unique

C) airlocks; unique D) airlocks unique

32) While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Hanoi is the capital city of Vietnam.

● It covers an area of 3,359.82 square kilometers.
● Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is the cultural and political center of Vietnam.
● A portion of modern-day Hanoi served as the capital of the historic Vietnamese nation of
Âu Lạc.
● Hanoi’s first name was Long Bien, or dragon edge.

The student wants to emphasize the importance of Hanoi to ancient Vietnamese people. Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, covers an area of 3,359.82 square kilometers.

B) Located within the Red River Delta, Hanoi is the cultural and political center of Vietnam.

C) Part of Long Bien was the capital of the historic Vietnamese nation of Âu Lạc.

D) Not only is Hanoi the capital city, it is also the cultural and political center of Vietnam.

33) While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Immunity is the capacity of the body to resist pathogens.

● There are several types of immunity, including innate immunity, passive immunity, and
acquired/active immunity.
● Vaccination is a safe and effective way to achieve acquired immunity.
● More than 90% of the population needs to be immune in order to protect those who are
not eligible to be vaccinated.
 ● The more analogous the vaccine is to the original disease-causing pathogen, the greater
the body’s immune response.

The student wants to emphasize the threshold for herd immunity. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) The more analogous the vaccine is to the original disease-causing pathogen, the greater the
body’s immune response.

B) Vaccination is a safe and effective way to achieve acquired immunity.

C) More than 90% of the population needs to be immune in order to protect those who are not
eligible to be vaccinated.

D) There are several types of immunity, including innate immunity, passive immunity, and
acquired/active immunity.
Key:

Module 1

1A 10D 19C 28A

2A 11C 20D 29D

3A 12B 21C 30C

4A 13D 22C 31A

5D 14C 23B 32A

6A 15D 24B 33B

7A 16C 25D

8C 17C 26A

9B 18D 27D

Module 2

1B 10D 19C 28A

2A 11D 20A 29B

3B 12A 21B 30B

4A 13D 22B 31A

5A 14B 23C 32C

6B 15D 24C 33C

7D 16C 25A

8B 17A 26D

9D 18D 27C