Content Management System

What is Content Management System (CMS)?

The Content Management System (CMS) is a software which stores all the
data such as text, photos, music, documents, etc. and is made available on your
website. It helps in editing, publishing and modifying the content of the
website.
WordPress was initially released on 27th May, 2003 by Matt Mullenweg and
Mike Little. WordPress was announced as open source in October 2009.
Features
 User Management − It allows managing the user information such as
changing the role of the users to (subscriber, contributor, author, editor
or administrator), create or delete the user, change the password and user
information. The main role of the user manager is Authentication.
 Media Management − It is the tool for managing the media files and
folder, in which you can easily upload, organize and manage the media
files on your website.
 Theme System − It allows modifying the site view and functionality. It
includes images, stylesheet, template files and custom pages.
 Extend with Plugins − Several plugins are available which provides
custom functions and features according to the users need.
 Search Engine Optimization − It provides several search engine
optimization (SEO) tools which makes on-site SEO simple.
 Multilingual − It allows translating the entire content into the language
preferred by the user.
 Importers − It allows importing data in the form of posts. It imports
custom files, comments, post pages and tags.
Advantages
 It is an open source platform and available for free.
 CSS files can be modified according to the design as per users need.
 There are many plugins and templates available for free. Users can
customize the various plugins as per their need.
 It is very easy to edit the content as it uses WYSIWYG editor (What You
See Is What You Get is a user interface that allows the user to directly
manipulate the layout of document without having a layout command).
 Media files can be uploaded easily and quickly.
  It offers several SEO tools which makes on-site SEO simple.
 Customization is easy according to the user's needs.
 It allows creating different roles for users for website such as admin,
author, editor and contributor.
Disadvantages
 Using several plugins can make the website heavy to load and run.
 PHP knowledge is required to make modifications or changes in the
WordPress website.
 Sometimes software needs to be updated to keep the WordPress up-to-
date with the current browsers and mobile devices. Updating WordPress
version leads to loss of data, so a backup copy of the website is required.
 Modifying and formatting the graphic images and tables is difficult.

WordPress is an open source Content Management System (CMS), which

allows the users to build dynamic websites and blogs. WordPress is the most
popular blogging system on the web and allows updating, customizing and
managing the website from its back-end CMS and components.

WordPress - Installation
System Requirements for WordPress
 Database − MySQL 5.0 +
 Web Server −
o WAMP (Windows)
o LAMP (Linux)
o XAMP (Multi-platform)
o MAMP (Macintosh)
 Operating System − Cross-platform
 Browser Support − IE (Internet Explorer 8+), Firefox, Google chrome,
Safari, Opera
 PHP Compatibility − PHP 5.2+
Download WordPress
When you open the link https://wordpress.org/download/, you will get to see a
screen as the following snapshot −

Create Store Database

 WordPress requires MySQL database. So create a new empty database
with user/password (for example, user as "root" and password as "root"
or else you can set as per your convenience).
 Then, you can continue with the installation process as discussed further.
Set Up Wizard
It's very easy to set up WordPress into your system. The following steps
describe how to set up WordPress locally on your system.
Step (1) − Extract the downloaded WordPress folder and upload it into your
web server or localhost.
Step (2) − Open your browser and navigate to your WordPress file path, then
you will get the first screen of the WordPress installer as shown in the
following screen. In our case, the path is localhost/< Your_wordpress_folder
>.
Select your language for the WordPress and click on Continue.
Step (3) − In this step, you can view the information needed for the database
before proceeding with WordPress installation.
Click on Let's go!
Step (4) − Here, you have to enter the information about the MySQL database
as described in the following screen.
  Database Name − Enter the database name which you have created in
MySQL database for WordPress.
 Username − Enter the user name of your MySQL database.
 Password − Enter the password which you had set for MySQL database.
 Database Host − Write the host name, by default it will be localhost.
 Table Prefix − It is used to add prefix in the database tables which helps
to run multiple sites on the same database. It takes the default value.
After filling all information, click on Submit button.
Step (5) − WordPress checks the database setting and gives you the
confirmation screen as shown in the following snapshot.
Click on Run the install
Step (6) − Enter administrative information.

It contains the following fields −

 Site Title − Enter the name of the site which you are going to create in
WordPress.
 Username − Enter the username as per your choice while logging in the
WordPress.
 Password twice − Enter password two times to protect your site.
 Your E-mail − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover the
password or any update.
 Privacy − It allows the search engine to index this site after checking the
checkbox.
After filling all the information, click on the Install WordPress button.
Step (7) − After installation being successful, you will get a screen of the
stating success as seen in the following screen.
You can view your username and password detail added in WordPress.
Click on Log In button.
Step (8) − After clicking on login, you will get a WordPress Admin Panel as
depicted in the following screen.
Enter the username and password which you had mentioned during installation
as shown in step 6 and click on the Log In button.

WordPress - Dashboard
The WordPress Dashboard is a first screen which will be seen when you log into the
administration area of your blog which will display the overview of the website. It is a
collection of gadgets that provide information and provide an overview of what's
happening with your blog. You can customize your needs by using some quick links
such as writing quick draft, replying to latest comment, etc.
Dashboard can be categorized as shown in the following snapshot. Each of these
categories are discussed in the following sections −

Dashboard Menu
The WordPress Dashboard provides navigation menu that contains some menu
options such as posts, media library, pages, comments, appearance options,
plugins, users, tools and settings on the left side.

Screen Options
The dashboard contains different types of widgets which can be shown or hidden on
some screens. It contains check boxes to show or hide screen options and also
allows us to customize sections on the admin screen.

Welcome
It includes the Customize Your Site button which allows customizing your
WordPress theme. The center column provides some of the useful links such as
creating a blog post, creating a page and view the front end of your website. Last
column contains links to widgets, menus, settings related to comments and also a
link to the First Steps With WordPress page in the WordPress codex.
Quick Draft
The Quick Draft is a mini post editor which allows writing, saving and publishing a
post from admin dashboard. It includes the title for the draft, some notes about the
draft and save it as a Draft.

WordPress News
The WordPress News widget displays the latest news such as latest software
version, updates, alerts, news regarding the software etc. from the official
WordPress blog.

Activity
The Activity widget includes latest comments on your blog, recent posts and
recently published posts. It allows you to approve, disapprove, reply, edit, or delete
a comment. It also allows you to move a comment to spam.

At a Glance
This section gives an overview of your blog's posts, number of published posts and
pages, and number of comments. When you click on these links, you will be taken
to the respective screen. It displays the current version of running WordPress along
with the currently running theme on the site.

WordPress - General Setting

we will study about General Settings in WordPress. WordPress general setting is
used to set the basic configuration settings for your site. In the setting administration
screen, it is a default setting screen.
Following are the steps to access the general settings −
Step 1 − Click on Settings → General option in WordPress.
Step 2 − The General Setting page is displayed as shown in the following snapshot.
Following are the details of the fields on general settings page.
 Site Title − It displays the name of the site in the template header.
 Tagline − Displays a short sentence about your site.
 WordPress Address (URL) − It is the URL of WordPress directory where
your all core application files are present.
 Site Address(URL) − Enter the site URL which you want your site to display
on the browser.
 E-mail Address − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover your
password or any update.
 Membership − Anyone can register an account on your site after you check
this checkbox.
  New User Default Role − The default role is set for the newly registered user
or members.
 Timezone − Sets the time zone based on the particular city.
 Date Format − Sets the date format as you need to display on the site.
 Time Format − Sets the time format as you need to display on the site.
 Week Starts On − Select the week day which you prefer to start for
WordPress calendar. By default it is set as Monday.
 Site Language − Sets the language for the WordPress dashboard.
Step3 − After filling all the information about general settings, click on Save
Changes button. It saves all your general setting information.

WordPress - Writing Setting

The writing settings controls the writing experience and provides options for
customizing WordPress site. These settings control the features in the adding and
editing posts, Pages, and Post Types, as well as the optional functions like Remote
Publishing, Post via e-mail, and Update Services.
Following are the steps to access the writing settings −
Step (1) − To change writing settings, go to Settings → Writing option.
Step (2) − The Writing Setting page is displayed as shown in the following screen.
Following are the details of the fields on the page.
 Formatting − This field defines two sub options for better user experience.
o The first option Convert emoticons like :-) and :-P to graphics on
display will turn text-based emoticons into graphic-based emoticons.
o The second option WordPress should correct invalidly nested XHTML
automatically corrects the invalid XHTML placed within the posts or
pages.
 Default Post Category − It is a category to be applied to a post and you can
leave it as Uncategorized.
 Default Post Format − It is used by themes to select post format to be
applied to a post or create different styles for different types of posts.
  Post via e-mail − This option uses e-mail address to create posts and
publishes posts on your blog through e-mail. To use this, you'll need to set
up a secret e-mail account with a POP3 access, and any mail received at this
address will be posted.
 Mail Server − It allows reading the e-mails that you send to WordPress and
stores them for retrieval. For this, you need to have POP3 compatible mail
server and it will have URI address such as mail.example.com, which you
should enter here.
 Login Name − To create posts, WordPress will need its own e-mail account.
The Login Name will use this e-mail address and should be kept as a secret
as spammers will post links redirecting to their own websites.
 Password − Set password for the above e-mail address.
 Default Mail Category − It allows selecting custom category for all the posts
that are published via Post by e-mail feature.
 Update Services − When you publish a new post, WordPress will
automatically notify the site update services in the box. See the Update
Services on the codex for the long list of possible services.
Step (3) − After filling all the above information, click on Save Changes button to
save your information.

WordPress - Reading Setting

we will study about Reading Settings in WordPress. Reading Setting is used to set
the content related to the front page. You can set the number of post to be
displayed on the main page.
Following are the steps to access the reading settings −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Reading option in WordPress.
Step(2) − The Reading Settings page is displayed as shown in the following screen.
Following are the details of the fields on reading settings.
 Front page displays − This section is used to display the front page in any of
the following format −
o Your latest posts − It displays latest posts on the front page.
o A static page − It displays the static pages on the front page.
o Front Page − You can select the actual page you want to display on
front page from the drop down.
o Posts Page − You can select the page from the drop down which
contains posts.
 Blog pages show at most − The number of posts to be displayed per page
or site. By default, it is set as 10.
 Syndication feeds show the most recent − The user can view the number
of posts when they download one of the site feeds. By default, it is set as 10.
 For each article in a feed, show − This section is used to display the post
by selecting any of the following formats −
o Full Text − It displays the complete post. It is set as default.
o Summary − It displays the summary of the post.
 Search Engine Visibility − After clicking on the checkbox, Discourage
search engines from indexing this site, your site will be ignored by the search
engine.
Step(3) − After filling all the information, click on Save Changes button to save your
Reading Setting information.
 WordPress - Discussion Setting
we will study about Discussion settings in WordPress. WordPress discussion
setting can be defined as the interaction between the blogger and the visitors.
These settings are done by the admin to have a control over the posts/pages that
come in through users.
Following are the steps to access the Discussion setting −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Discussion option in WordPress.

Step (2) − The Discussion Settings page is displayed as shown in the following
snapshot.
Following fields are seen in Discussion settings.
 Default article settings − These settings are default to the new pages you
create or new posts. This contains three more settings. They are −
o Attempt to notify any blogs linked to from the article − When you
publish articles then it sends a notification (sends pings and
trackback) to other blogs.
o Allow link notifications from other blogs (pingbacks and
trackbacks) − Accepts pings from other blogs.
o Allow people to post comments on new articles − You can allow or
disallow other people to comment on your article using this setting.
You can change the settings as per your will for individual articles.
 Other Comment Settings − This setting has the following options −
o Comment author must fill out name and e-mail − When you check
this box, it is mandatory for visitors to fill their name and email
address.
o Users must be registered and logged in to comment − If you check
this box, only those registered visitors can leave comments, if not
checked anyone can leave any number of comments.
o Automatically close comments on articles older than days − This
option allows you to accept comments only for a particular time period
as per your wish.
o Enable threaded (nested) comments − When you check this option,
visitors can reply or have a discussion and get responses.
o Break comments into pages with top level comments per page
and the page displayed by default − If your pages are getting a lot
of comments then you can split them into different pages by checking
this box.
o Comments should be displayed with the comments at the top of
each page − You can arrange the comments in the form of ascending
or descending order.
 Email me whenever − This setting contains two options, namely −
o Anyone posts a comment − When you check into this box, the author
gets an e-mail for every single comment that is posted.
o A comment is held for moderation − This is used in case you do not
want your comment to be updated before it's moderated by the admin.
 Before a comment appears − This setting allows how your posts are
controlled. There are two more settings as followed −
o Comment must be manually approved − If you check this box then
only the approved comments by the admin can be displayed on the
posts or pages.
 o Comment author must have a previously approved comment −
This can be checked when you want to approve a comment of an
author whose has commented and his e-mail address matches the e-
mail address of the previous posted comment. Otherwise the
comment is held for moderation.
 Comment Moderation − Contain only a specific number of links that are
allowed into a comment.
 Comment Blacklist − You can input your own spam words which you do not
want your visitors to enter into the comments, URL, e-mail etc.; later it would
filter the comments.
 Avatars − Avatar is a small image that displays at the top-right-hand corner
of the dashboard screen beside your name. It is like your profile picture. Here
you have a few more options where you can set your avatar for WordPress
site.
o Avatar Display − It displays your avatar besides your name when it is
checked.
o Maximum rating − You have a four other options of avatars you can
use. They are G, PG, R and X. This is the age section where you
select according to which type of audience you want to display your
posts.
o Default Avatar − In this option, there are few more types of avatars
with images; you can keep these avatars according to your visitors e-
mail address.
Step (3) − Click on Save Changes button to save the changes.

WordPress - Media Setting

we will study about Media Settings in WordPress. It is used to set the height and
width of the images which you're going to use on your website.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Media option in WordPress.
Step (2) − The Media Settings page is displayed as seen in the following
screenshot.
Following are the details of the fields on Media settings −
 Thumbnail size − Set the size of the thumbnail.
 Medium size − Set the height and width of medium size images.
 Large size − Set width and height of larger images.
 Uploading files − After checking this checkbox, the uploaded image will be
arranged into year and month based folder.
Step (3) − After setting the dimension in pixels, click on Save Changes button. It
saves your media setting information.

WordPress - Permalink Setting

we will learn about Permalink settings in WordPress. Permalink is a permanent
link to a particular blog post or category. It allows setting the default permalink
structure. These settings are used to add permalinks to your posts in WordPress.
Following are the steps to access permalink settings.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Permalinks option from the left navigation menu.
Step (2) − When you click on Permalinks, the following page appears on the
screen.
Here are a few settings you can make −
 Common settings −
Check any of the radio buttons to choose your permalink structure for your
blogs
o Default − It sets the default URL structure in Wordpress.
o Day and name − It sets URL structure according to the date and name
in your posts.
o Month and name − It sets the URL structure according to the month
and name in your post.
o Numeric − It sets numbers in the URL structure in your post.
o Post name − It sets post name in the URL structure in your post.
o Custom Structure − It sets the URL structure of your choice by writing
the desired name in the given text box.
  Optional
These are optional. You can add custom structure for main category or tag
URL. If your text box is empty then default settings is used. Here you have
two options.
o Category Base − Add custom prefix for your category URL.
o Tag Base − Add custom prefix to your Tags URL.
Step (3) − Once you are done with changes, click on Save Changes button to save
the permalink settings.

WordPress - Plugin Setting

we will study how to use plugins in your WordPress site. Plugin allows to easily
modify, customize or enhance WordPress blog or post. The WordPress Plugin is a
software that can be uploaded to expand the functionality of the site. They add
services or features to WordPress blog. Plugins are used to make your work easier.
Following are the simple steps to add plugins.
Step (1) − On the left side bar, Click on Plugins → Installed Plugins as shown in
the screen.
Step (2) − The following page appears.
In this section, you can view the already installed plugins.
Step (3) − Click on → Plugins → Add New menu as shown in the following screen.
Step (4) − A list of plugins appears that are used in WordPress. Here you can
directly install plugins from the available list or you can upload it by clicking
on Upload Plugin.
When you click on Upload Plugin you'll get the following page.

Click on Browse, it goes back to the page where you can select plugins from
WordPress site. And if you click on Choose File, you can add files from your
system. Otherwise, you can directly choose the plugin that you need and click
on Install now as seen in the following screenshot.

When you click on Install Now, the package starts to download and gets installed.
Then, click on Activate plugin to active that plugin to use in WordPress as seen in
the following screen.
After clicking on Activate Plugin you'll get a message as Plugin activated and you
can also find the installed plugin in the list.

Below the plugin activated message, you can view few options such as All, Active,
Inactive and Update available.
When you click on Active the following page appears. Here you can view all the
activated plugins.

When we click on Inactive, the plugins which are available but are not activated
gets displayed. You can activate this plugin by clicking on Activate.

When you click on Update available, you'll get a list of plugins that must be
updated. Click on Update and you get a message as Updated.
Click on Bulk Actions and select any of the options. Click on Apply button
to update, delete, activate or deactivate each of the plugins by checking the
boxes.

In Search Installed Plugins you can just type your plugin name in the text box that
is already installed and click on the Search Installed Plugins button.
When you click on the Search installed Plugin button you get the following page
with your respective plugin.

Step (5) − Click on Plugins → Editor from the side bar.

Step (6) − The following page gets displayed.
This page lets you edit your plugins. A few options are explained.
 Select plugin to edit − Allows you to select a plugin from the dropdown and
edit it.
 Documentation − Allows you to select the tools from the dropdown to edit
the plugin.
 Plugin files − Allows you to select files from the list and edit accordingly.
Finally, after editing the plugin files, click on Update file.

WordPress - Add Category

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/wordpress/wordpress_add_category.htm