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    DNA The Genetic Material Lecture 1

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    madhav biyani
    This document provides an overview of the history and discovery of DNA as the genetic material. It discusses early experiments in the 1860s by Gregor Mendel on inheritance of traits in pea plants. Later work isolated and characterized the components of DNA, including identifying that it contains the nitrogen bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Major discoveries include the double helix structure of DNA determined by Watson and Crick in 1953 and Chargaff's rule relating DNA base ratios.

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    DNA The Genetic Material Lecture 1

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    madhav biyani
    25 views27 pages
    This document provides an overview of the history and discovery of DNA as the genetic material. It discusses early experiments in the 1860s by Gregor Mendel on inheritance of traits in pea plants. Later work isolated and characterized the components of DNA, including identifying that it contains the nitrogen bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Major discoveries include the double helix structure of DNA determined by Watson and Crick in 1953 and Chargaff's rule relating DNA base ratios.

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    DNA the Genetic Material Lecture 1

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    This document provides an overview of the history and discovery of DNA as the genetic material. It discusses early experiments in the 1860s by Gregor Mendel on inheritance of traits in pea plants. Later work isolated and characterized the components of DNA, including identifying that it contains the nitrogen bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Major discoveries include the double helix structure of DNA determined by Watson and Crick in 1953 and Chargaff's rule relating DNA base ratios.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views27 pages

    DNA The Genetic Material Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    madhav biyani
    This document provides an overview of the history and discovery of DNA as the genetic material. It discusses early experiments in the 1860s by Gregor Mendel on inheritance of traits in pea plants. Later work isolated and characterized the components of DNA, including identifying that it contains the nitrogen bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Major discoveries include the double helix structure of DNA determined by Watson and Crick in 1953 and Chargaff's rule relating DNA base ratios.

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    of 27

    SBL -100L

    DNA - THE GENETIC


    MATERIAL
    LECTURE 1
    2023-24 SemESTER II

    Anita Roy
    School of Biological Sciences,
    Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
    What is the basis of inheritance ?

    Answer revealed in 1860s by the humble pea


    Inheritance of traits (Gregor Mendel, 1865)

    Parent plants

    Progeny – 1st Gen

    Progeny – 2nd Gen


    Friedrich Miescher isolates DNA in 1869

    Alkaline extraction followed by acidification to precipitate DNA

    DNA has phosphorous and nitrogen but not sulfur.


    Albrecht Kossel identifies the building blocks of DNA
    and RNA (1890-1901)

    Albrecht Kossel
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910

    Albrecht Kossel discovered that these DNA and RNA were composed of five
    nitrogen bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil.
    Structure of DNA components: Bases
    URACIL (in RNA) and THYMINE (in DNA)
    Structure of DNA components: Nucleotide
    Structure of DNA components: Sugar moieties

    The “D” of DNA - deoxyribo


    J. J. Thomson’s discovery of electrons – the first
    discovered sub-atomic particle (1890s)

    Rutherford’s discovery of nucleus (1911)


    Frederick Griffith’s experiment (1928)
    Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment (1944)
    Revolution in Physics (1930-1944)
    Erwin Chargaff’s (A+G = T+C) rule (1951)

    • DNA contained as many purine (A, G) as pyrimidine bases (C, T)

    • The molar ratios of the bases A/T as well as G/C were always (very close
    to) one.

    • The relative proportions of bases in the DNA—was the same in


    individuals of a single species, but differed between species.
    The Hershey-Chase experiment (1952) by Alfred
    Hershey and Martha Chase
    Alfred D. Hershey
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
    James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick DNA double
    helix structure (1953)
    Structure of DNA components: Base pairings
    Structural organization of DNA

    Structural Features of DNA

    • 2 Complementary chains of nucleotides


    • A, T, G, Cs held by Hydrogen bonds
    • Nucelotides linked by sugar-phosphate bonds
    • Deoxyribose sugar
    • Polar 5’ phosphate linked to 3’ OH
    • Complementary base pairing
    Packaging of DNA into Chromosomes
    The Chromatin architecture
    Inheritance of traits (Gregor Mendel, 1865)

    Parent plants

    Progeny – 1st Gen

    Progeny – 2nd Gen

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