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5-Supervised and Unsupervised

This document discusses supervised and unsupervised machine learning. [1] Supervised learning uses labeled training data to predict outcomes for new data, while unsupervised learning discovers patterns in unlabeled data. [2] Supervised techniques include regression to predict continuous values and classification to label categories, whereas unsupervised techniques are clustering to group similar data and association to find relationships. [3] Supervised learning is more accurate but requires labeled data, while unsupervised learning handles unlabeled data but produces less precise results.

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Monis Khan
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43 views7 pages

5-Supervised and Unsupervised

This document discusses supervised and unsupervised machine learning. [1] Supervised learning uses labeled training data to predict outcomes for new data, while unsupervised learning discovers patterns in unlabeled data. [2] Supervised techniques include regression to predict continuous values and classification to label categories, whereas unsupervised techniques are clustering to group similar data and association to find relationships. [3] Supervised learning is more accurate but requires labeled data, while unsupervised learning handles unlabeled data but produces less precise results.

Uploaded by

Monis Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning

Supervised Unsupervised

Background:
Unlabeled data consists of data which is either taken from nature or created by
human to explore the scientific patterns behind it. Some examples of unlabeled data
might include photos, audio recordings, videos, news articles, tweets, x-rays, etc. The
main concept is there is no explanation, label, tag, class or name for the
features in data.

Labeled data consists of unlabeled data with a description, label or name of features in
the data. E.g. In a labeled image dataset, an image is labeled as it is a cat’s photo and it’s
a dog’s photo. Labels for data are often obtained by asking humans to make judgments
about a given piece of unlabeled data (e.g., "Does this photo contain a horse or a cow?")
and are significantly more expensive to obtain than the raw unlabeled data. After
obtaining a labeled dataset, machine learning models can be applied to the data so that
new unlabeled data can be presented to the model and a likely label can be guessed or
predicted for that piece of unlabeled data.

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML


1. What is Supervised Machine Learning?
In Supervised learning, you train the machine using data which is well "labeled." It
means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. A supervised learning
algorithm learns from labeled training data, helps you to predict outcomes for
unforeseen data.

1.1 Why Supervised Learning?


 Supervised learning allows you to collect data or produce a data output from the
previous experience.
 Helps you to optimize performance criteria using experience
 Supervised machine learning helps you to solve various types of real-world
computation problems.

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML


1.2 Types of Supervised Machine Learning
Techniques

1.2.1 Regression:

Regression technique predicts a single CONTINUOUS/NUMERIC output value using


training data.

Example: You can use regression to predict the house price from training data. The
input variables will be locality, size of a house, etc.

1.2.2. Classification:

Classification means to group the output is a class/category. If the algorithm tries to


label input into two distinct classes, it is called binary classification. Selecting between
more than two classes is referred to as multiclass classification.

Example:

Classification: Machine is trained to classify something into some class.

 classifying whether a patient has disease or not


 classifying whether an email is spam or not
Regression: Machine is trained to predict some value like price, weight or height.

 predicting house/property price


 predicting stock market price

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML


1.3 What is Unsupervised Learning?
Unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique, where you do not need to
supervise the model. Instead, you need to allow the model to work on its own to
discover information. It mainly deals with the unlabelled data.

Unsupervised learning algorithms allow you to perform more complex processing tasks
compared to supervised learning. Although, unsupervised learning can be more
unpredictable compared with other learning methods.

1.4 Why Unsupervised Learning?


Here, are prime reasons for using Unsupervised Learning:

 Unsupervised machine learning finds all kind of unknown patterns in data.


 Unsupervised methods help you to find features which can be useful for
categorization.
 It is taken place in real time, so all the input data to be analyzed and labeled in
the presence of learners.
 It is easier to get unlabeled data from a computer than labeled data, which needs
manual intervention.

1.5 Types of Unsupervised Machine Learning


Techniques
Unsupervised learning problems further grouped into clustering and association
problems.

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML


1.5.1 Clustering

Clustering is an important concept when it comes to unsupervised learning. It mainly


deals with finding a structure or pattern in a collection of uncategorized data. Clustering
algorithms will process your data and find natural clusters(groups) if they exist in the
data. You can also modify how many clusters your algorithms should identify. It allows
you to adjust the granularity of these groups.

1.5.2 Association

Association rules allow you to establish associations amongst data objects inside large
databases. This unsupervised technique is about discovering exciting relationships
between variables in large databases. For example, people that buy a new home most
likely to buy new furniture.

Example:

Clustering: A clustering problem is where you want to discover the inherent groupings
in the data

 such as grouping customers by purchasing behavior


Association: An association rule learning problem is where you want to discover rules
that describe large portions of your data

 such as people that buy X also tend to buy Y

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML


1.6 Supervised vs. Unsupervised Learning

Parameters Supervised machine Unsupervised machine


learning technique learning technique

Process In a supervised learning In unsupervised learning


model, input and output model, only input data will
variables will be given. be given

Input Data Algorithms are trained Algorithms are used against


using labeled data. data which is not labeled

Algorithms Support vector Unsupervised algorithms


Used machine, Neural can be divided into different
network, Linear and categories: like Cluster
logistics regression, algorithms, K-means,
random forest, and Hierarchical clustering, etc.
Classification trees.

Computational Supervised learning is Unsupervised learning is


Complexity a simpler method. computationally complex

Use of Data Supervised learning Unsupervised learning does


model uses training not use output data.
data to learn a link
between the input and
the outputs.

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML


Accuracy of Highly accurate and Less accurate and
Results trustworthy method. trustworthy method.

Real Time Learning method takes Learning method takes


Learning place offline. place in real time.

Number of Number of classes is Number of classes is not


Classes known. known.

Main Drawback Classifying big data can You cannot get precise
be a real challenge in information regarding data
Supervised Learning. sorting, and the output as
data used in unsupervised
learning is labeled and not
known.

Further study:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfj6yaYE86U

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kE5QZ8G_78c

Dr. Vivek Tiwari, Course: Intro to AIML

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