Priyamvada Bhatt Class Ix

K.
C Colony—A Place Beyond Imagination
Structure: our settlement is a combination of cylinder, three spheres, four torus, two beaded torus,
and two docking sections. The cylinder will hold all the other structures around it. The central nucleus
will be spherical in shape and located on the center of the cylinder. Two large residential tori will be
situated on the other side of the nucleus, around the cylinder, followed by a pair of agricultural tori a
pair of smaller creation spheres than a pair of beaded industrial torus and finally a pair of docking
sections at the end of cylinder. Exterior
Structures like drones, satellites, lunar and Martian camps will also be present for reason which will
be mentioned in the project.
Location: Kalpana Chawla Will Be Located On 4th Largest Point On The Geostationary Orbit Around The
Earth, Between Earth And Moon.
Life Support: Kalpana Chawla Will Provide All Kinds Of Factors Need For Artificial Survival, Using
Science And Innovation. A Perfectly Comfortable Environment Will Be Created Keeping All The Life
Supporting Aspects In Mind.
Human Life Designing: The Constitution Of Kalpana Chawla Is Very Well Thought Of And Very Safe
For All The Citizens Of The Settlement. Besides Having A Safe And Sound Life, The Citizens Will
Experience A Very Civilized Life And Hi-Tech Life. Education, Health, Banking, Entertainment And
Many Other Facilities Will Be Provided In A Very High Tech Manner For The Comfort Of People.
Operations And Automations: Tis Includes Factors Like Security, Transportation,

Communication, Waste Management And Robotics. All These Factors Will Be Managed In Best
Way Possible By Using, Hi-Tech Ideas.
Trade And Business’ Aim Will Be To Recover All The Resources And Capital And Building And
Maintaining The Settlement. This Will Be Done By Mining Valuable Resources From Asteroids And
Other Heavenly Bodies, Trading With Earth And Many Other Ways Mentioned In The Project. Many
Industries Will Be Set Up In The Settlement For Many Purposes
Cost And Schedule: Kalpana Chawla Has A Pre-Estimated Cost And Pre- Designed Schedule Chart
Which Makes This Project Very Well Planted And Well
Defined One.
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K.C Colony—A Place Beyond Imagination
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Kalpna Chawla space colony is an effort towards turning a dream

of living in space into reality. It is an effort towards expanding the
horizons of mankind from this blue planet to the boundary less
space. Yes, we can achieve what seemed to be impossible, and now
I am presenting Kalpana Chawla Space Colony to prove that
imagination is not always a childish thing to do.
My main aim is to provide an extremely comfortable
environment for all the residents of our settlement. Kalpana
Chawla Colony Is The Result Of Fusion Of Science Technology,
Innovation And Of Source Lot Of Imagination.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I heartily thank NASA for organizing this contest, which made me gain a
broader perspective concerning space technology. This competition has
provided me with lots of knowledge about science and has made me think
about something we could only imagine.
I would like to thank our Physics Sir, Mr. Nitin Yadav, who always supported
and guided me.
I am very grateful to Mr. Raman Sir, who guided me throughout the

competition guidelines of Raman sir helped to complete my project
timely.
I also thank my school Sri Chaitanya Techno School, and Principal Mrs.
Manisha Dahiya,to provide me this opportunity to participate in this
competition.
I would like to thank all who directly and indirectly helped and
supported me, including my parents . I thank to God for making our
efforts successful...
Thank you.
Priyamvada Bhatt,
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Serial No. CHAPTER Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CH-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 NAME OF THE PROJECT

1.2 WHY DO WE REQUIRE A SPACE SETTLEMENT?
1.3 BENEFITS OF A SPACE SETTLEMENT
1.4 LIMITATIONS OF A SPACE SETTLEMENT
1.5 WHY KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY?
CH-2 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
2.1 BASIC SHAPES

2.2 CHOSING AMONG THE BASIC SHAPES
2.3 DIMENSIONS
2.4 LOCATION
2.5 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
2.6 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
2.7 HULL COMPONENTS
2.8 ROTATING & NON-ROTATING SECTIONS
2.9 DOCKING SECTIONS
2.10 THRUSTERS
CH-3 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
3.1 GRAVITY
3.2 ATMOSPHERE
3.3 THERMAL REJECTIONS
3.4 CONSUMABLES
3.5 WATER
3.6 ENERGY
3.7 DAY AND NIGHT & SEASONS
CH-4 HUMAN LIFE DESIGNING
4.1 COMMUNITY DESIGN
4.2 CONSTITUTION MAKING
4.3 EDUCATION & SCHOOLING
4.4 HEALTH & HOSPITALS
4.5 BANKING
4.6 ENTERTAINMENT
4.7 RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
CH-5 OPERATIONS & AUTOMATIONS

5.1 MAIN CONTROL SYSTEM
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5.2 SECURITY
5.3 TRANSPORTATION
5.4 COMMUNICATION
5.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT
5.6 ROBOTICS
CH-6 KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY -AN ENTERPRISE
6.1 TRADE AND COMMERCE
6.2 INDUSTRIES
CH-7 COST & SCHEDULE
7.1 EXPENDITURE & PLANNING
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1.1 Why I named K.C. Colony
I named my project K. C Colony (Kalpana Chwala Colony) because of her contribution to

human spaceflight have had lasting impact; she was selected in honor of her prominent place
in history as the woman of Indian descent to go to space. I like her a lot.
Since millions of years, Earth has been a perfect home for the sustenance of life. But this may
not continue to be the same. Earth may not be capable of sustaining life in the future. Due to
the increase in population, the resources on Earth are depleted. Not only this, but there are
furthermore causes responsible for the extinction of humans.
The following are the reasons for the requirement of a space settlement:
❖ An alternate home in case of any sudden disaster on Earth.

❖ Shifting the overpopulated population onto the space
settlement.
❖ Limited stock of resources on Earth and plenty of resources in space.
❖ Global Warming.
❖ Exploring the vast space.
❖ Space commercialization.
❖ Shifting the overpopulated population by shifting them ontothe space

settlement.
❖ Helps us to explore the endless horizons in space.
❖ Allows us to use the resources available in space.
❖ Prevention of the extinction of humans.
❖ Advancement in technologies.
❖ Experiencing many unimaginable and incredible facilities like zero g,
galactic football, high classic education, 0% pollution, etc. ………...
❖ Restoring natural resources on earth.
Radiation: Radiation is the emitted or transmitted energy which comes from a material or a
source in the form of waves. In space, there is many harmful radiations which can affect a space.
settlement and can lead to overheating and finally destruction. On earth, the atmosphere protects
us from these emissions, but since there is no atmosphere in space, radiations act as a barrier which
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needs to be overcome.
Radiations are of three types:
➢ Ionizing Radiation
➢ Non-ionizing Radiation
➢ Cosmic Radiation
Ionizing Radiation –
It is the radiation which has enough energy causing the atom to become charged or ionized during an
interaction with an atom causing the tightly bound electrons to detach.
It is also the radiation containing highly charged particles which can ionize any matter that they come
in contact with.
Non-ionizing Radiation –
It is a type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy to ionize atoms.i.e. to
remove electrons from an atom.
Cosmic Radiations –
Cosmic rays are extremely high-powered radiation which mainly originate from outside the solar
system. Some of them have ultrahigh energies ranging from 100 – 1000TeV (tera-electron volt). The
intensity of cosmic radiation increases with altitude which indicates that it comes from outer space.
It varies with latitude which indicates that it consists partly charged particles which are affected
by the Earth ‘s magnetic field.
Cosmic radiations are of two types:
Galactic Cosmic Rays: Originate from outside the solar system (but generally within our Milky Way
galaxy)
Solar Cosmic Rays: Originate from the Sun ‘s corona (Latin translation of the word crown‘)
As solar cosmic rays increase, there’s a decrease in galactic cosmic rays (usually called the Forbush
decrease) as the solar wind which is associated with its magnetic field, eliminates the incoming
galactic cosmic rays away from the space settlement.
If an excessive amount of shielding material is used, the settlement becomes way too hefty to
depart into the space. Bags of urine or feces can be used for protection against dangerous
radiation or meteorites. We need to recycle urine, wastewater, and feces. Lightweight filtration bags
can be embedded in the walls of our space settlement which could save on launch weight costs
compared to the usual life support equipment’s and create a more self-sustaining existence for
humans in space.
Demron – It is a radiation shielding fabric like that of lead shielding, while being lightweight and
flexible. It is approximately three to four times more expensive than a lead apron. Demron can reduce
high energy alpha and beta radiation, and can reduce low energy gamma radiation, thus protecting human
life from harmful radiation.
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CH-2 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
“The secret of change is to focus all of your energy, not on fighting the old, buton building the new.”-
Socrates
❖ SPHERE:
A sphere is a three-dimensional round and circular body. Each point on the surface
of the sphere has a fixed distance from the center. The sphere is easily accessible
compared to other basic structures. But it also needs too much shielding to protect
itself from harmful radiation emitted by the sun.
❖ CYLINDER:
A cylinder is a three-dimensional shape formed by piling a number of

congruent circles upon each other. It is hollow inside and is useful in
connection between other shapes in the settlement.
❖ `DUMBBELL:
Two spheres joined at the ends of a cylinder form a dumbbell. A dumbbell has very
little volume for living when compared to other shapes and hence is
disadvantageous to be used in a space settlement.
❖ TORUS:
A torus is a three-dimensional shape which is formed when a cylinder is bent

in a circular manner and its ends are attached to each other. It looks like a
ring or a doughnut. It is the most advantageous basic shape among all basic
structures as it provides more space for living with respect to the amount of
material used. The pseudo gravity generated by rotation is equally distributed in the
interiors.
It has been found that:

The torus is the most beneficial structure among all the basic shapes. So, we have decided
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to use tori for residential, agricultural, industrial and recreation purposes.
➢ Cylinders are the best shapes for connecting other major structures. Hence, we
havedecidedtouseacylinder as acentralhub whichholds all theother structures
around it. It will also beused for transportation connecting other structures of
different sections within our space settlement.
➢ Sphere is easily accessible when compared to other structures. Hence we ‘ll be

using sphere as our main controlling center which will be located between the
two residential tori.
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY shall have 25,000 full-time residents and the other
5,000 people as temporary resident ‘s .i.e. traders, official businessmen, guests, people who
come for vacations from Earth, etc. Residential torus A shall contain 15,000 people, out of
which, 2,500 are temporary. Similarly, Residential torus B shall contain the other 15,000
people,out of which, 2,500 are temporary. Keeping all these in mind, the total population
in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY is 30,000 people.
Our space settlement would look like this.
The selection of the location of our space settlement is another crucial factor to
decide because the safety and stability of our space settlement depends upon its
location. We have decided to placeKALPANA CHAWLA COLONY in Lagrange 4 between
Earth and Moon.
The following are the reason: -
➢ L1, L2 and L3 are not very hospitable because of lack of stability, even with the slightest
push, our settlement can deviate from its orbit.
➢ Though L5 is as stable as L4, the presence of interplanetary dust (cosmic dust) makes it
necessary for us to place KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY in L4.
➢ L4 and L5 are points of stable gravitational equilibrium locatedalong the path of the moon ‘s
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orbit, 60 degrees ahead or behind it.
➢ Apart from being stable, L4 also provides many benefits:

• When our settlement is placed in L4, we will be approximately equidistant from
moon and earth. Thismakes it easy for us to get resources from both earth and moon.
• Not only Moon, but our settlement will also be closer to Marswhen compared to
other Lagrange points for the purpose ofextraction of various minerals.
• An object placed in L4 will remain there indefinitely without having to spend much
fuel to keep its position,whereas an object placed at L1, L2 or L3 (which are all points
of unstable equilibrium) may have to spend muchfuel if the settlement diverges
from its point.
Our settlement will then be closer to Mars when comparedto other Lagrange points.We will be able
to experience an eclipse as frequently as the moon.
This location of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY is advantageous because of its stability. And it’s easy
access to the various resources of Earth, Moon and Mars.
2.4.1 LUNAR AND MARTIAN BASES:
Minerals on moon, as we all know, are very much valuable and useful in various
fields. The moon can simply be called a potential sourcewith lots of natural resources. The
major minerals available on theMoon are silicates of aluminum, ilmenite, calcium, iron
and pyroxene. Base camp on Moon would also act as an important basefor astronauts
to study cosmos without any atmospheric interference.
We shall set up base camps on the Moon as well as Mars, Mars because we could
extract different asteroids, containing severalminerals for mining, as there are lots and
lots of asteroids present inthe asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The hydrogen and
oxygen in the near-surface-water-ice could be separated-oxygen can be usedfor
breathing air. The iron-rich ore present on the Martian surface canbe used as a raw
material.
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“Every project needs a schedule or a sequence to succeed.”

KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY is going to be constructed in the following sequence:
First, base camps on Moon and Mars will be constructed in order to provide the
Lunar and Martian minerals necessary for the construction of KALPANA CHAWLA
COLONY
S.NO. CONSTRUCTION TIME VISUALS

SEQUENCE PERIOD
1.) The construction of

2 years
our settlement shall start
with the mesh of the
central cylinder along
with the two docking
sections.

the cylinder will get
completed and the mesh 3 years
of the central sphere and
the recreation centers
shall be built.
the central cylinder along
with the central sphere, 2 years
recreation centers and
the mesh of the
residential torus A shall
get completed.
the spokes along with the 2 years
skeleton of the residential
torus A shall get
completed.
5) The construction of
the residential torus A
shall get completed along
with the mesh of the 2 years
spokes of the residential
torus B.
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6) The spokes of the

residential torus B shall be
completely constructed, and
2 years
the mesh of the residential
torus B shall be built.
7) The residential torus B shall
be builtcompletely and the
2 years
mesh of the spokes of the
agricultural torus A shall be
constructed.
8.) The mesh of the
agricultural torus A shall be 2 years
constructed along with the
completed spokes.
9.) The completion of
the agriculturaltorus A will
be followed by the 2 years
construction of themesh of
the spokes of the
agricultural torus B.
10.) The mesh of the
agricultural torus B shall be 2 years
constructed along with the
completed spokes.
11.) The agricultural
torus shall get completely 3 years
built and the beaded
industrial torus A shall be
constructed.

KALPANACHAWLACOL
ONY shall get completed
along with the construction
of thebeaded industrialtorus 6 years
B and all the other finishing
works along with the
installation ofdrones robots,
machines, industries,
cameras, solarpanels, etc.
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The construction of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY shall be completed in 30

years. Itwill take an extra 2 years for the construction of the lunar and Martian bases in the
beginning. People along with the animals shall be broughtto the settlement immediately after
this.
➢ Central cylinder
➢ Upper docking section
➢ Beaded industrial torus A
➢ Agricultural torus A
➢ Recreation sphere A
➢ Residential torus A
➢ Main control station
➢ Residential torus B
➢ Recreation sphere B
➢ Agricultural torus B
➢ Beaded industrial torus B.
➢ Lower docking section
Our settlement KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY, shall have four-torus and two beaded-
torus system:
i. Residential torus A and residential torus B: These tori shall have a gravity of 1g,
making it safe and secure for its residents to live in it, creating an Earth-like atmosphere.
ii. Agricultural torus A and Agricultural torus B: These tori shall have a gravity of
about 0.6g(reason given above in the table). The tours shall be crossly divided sectioning
it into growing of Rabi crops and Kharif crops, as shown below.
iii. Beaded industrial torus A and Beaded industrial torus B: These tori shall have a
gravity of about 0.4g(reason given above in the table). Each bread shall hold a different
industry, including all the raw materials and the machinery.
➢ The central sphere will be the main controlling hub for the entiresettlement. All the
functions of the settlement shall be operatedhere. It will have an Earth-like atmosphere
and gravity.
➢ Recreation centers will be entirely for ENTERTAINEMENT purposes. Various
matches, tournaments, amusing parks andgardens, activities will be conducted every
day. There is no ENDto this. There shall be an availability of many never-ending
games which is been discussed in detail in Ch-4.
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Rotation is a property in which objects tend to move around a center. Rotation is a

fundamental and a basic phenomenon in the Universe, ranging from the tiniest planets to very
huge and giant stars.
In our settlement,
The Residential tori, Agriculture tori, Industrial tori, cylinder along with central
sphere will be rotating in different speed and havedifferent gravitational levels.
The speeds are as follows:
➢ Residential tori: 1.056624661 rpm
➢ Beaded Industrial tori: 0.6906071713150272 rpm.
➢ Agricultural tori: 0.845817591214332 rpm
➢ Central sphere: 1.056624661 rpm
■ The uppermost residential torus shall be named Residential torus A, and the
lowermost residential torus shall be named as Residential torus B.
■ The agricultural sectors shall be named as Agriculture torus Aand Agriculture
torus B, upper and lower respectively.
■ The topmost industrial torus will be named Beaded industrialtorus A and subordinate
one as Beaded industrial torus B.
■ The recreational spheres are named RS1 and RS2. (The
Recreational sector 1 is between the residential torus A and agriculture 1. The Recreational
sector 2 is between the residential torus B and agriculture 2.)
■ The 2 spheres that are there between Residential tori and
Agriculture tori are recreation centers. These spheres are non- rotating and shall have 0g.
Docking generally refers to joining two separate spacecraft ‘s.
Docking section is the place where superficial action including

transportation and other activities are done.
There are two docking stations, Upperand Lower, which will be
connected to thetwo ends of the cylinder and the transportation
through shall be done.
through the central cylinder to go through different sections
of
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY, which is mentioned in CH-5.3 in detail.
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY will use shielding materials with high hydrogen content for
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protection against primary and secondary radiation. Also, materials with high tensile strength, heat
resistance and shock absorbing capacity will be used.
Materials like the following will be used: -

S.no Materials Tensile Visuals
. used strength
Polyethylene 6.84 MPa

1
2 Polyaniline
3 Super adobe 1400 MPa
4 RTV 6.48Mpa Used for pasting different layers

Adhesive
5 Sialon 4.72 GPa
6 Kevlar 35 MPa Impact resistant outer tiles.
7 Lead Glass 16GPa To make transparent walls for

Residential tori and Central hub.
8 Regolith Acts as a very effective radiation shield
9 Titanium Sealing walls to provide extra

protection. It is abundant on moon andalso the ninth
most abundant on Earth.
10 Silicate (raw For construction of various electronic
material) chips and to manufacture glass.
11 Alveolus Used for ABSORBING and
FR-B--3020 DISPERSING radiations.
Gravity, which is very important for the survival of living beings, is only possible to be
brought by rotating the structures, which produces pseudo-gravity, which is actually
centrifugal force, due to therotating of the structures. This rotation will be done by using
thrusters, which will exert thrust in order to make the structures rotate.
Specially designed thrusters, called NASA Revolutionary Xenon Thrusters (NEXT),

designed by NASA, will be used for this purpose.
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CH-3 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

The amount of thrust exerted by the thrusters will be adjusted according to the speed of
rotation of each structure.
Each structure of the settlement will have two thrusters, opposite to each other for
easy rotation.
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY is perfectly designed for the comfort of people and
maximizes their chances of survival in our space settlement. Thinkingof the life support
of the space settlement, the control room of ourspace settlement will be located in
the middle of the cylinder which will operate all the systems of artificial gravity,
automated agricultural food collecting robots, balancing the air levels in each sector,
contribute exact energy supply to each section, and stabilizing the waste managing units
in our space settlement. We supply fast and foremost systems for the needs of the
inhabitants such as food and water provisions.
Gravity is the most important factor which is responsible for supporting life. It is one
of the factors which have been constant throughout evolution. Scientists consider gravity
as one of the most fundamental forces of nature – the other three being electromagnetism,
weak force and strong force. It is the force which bounds us towards the earth. Though
gravity is the weakest force among all the other fundamental forces, it is the most
important forcefor the interpretation of large-scale structures and the evolution of the
Universe. Where there is mass there is gravity.
GRAVITATIONAL LEVELS IN KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY:
TORUS Number of Gravity Reason

tori/spheres levels
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Residential 2 1g The Earth‘s gravity is

torus equal to 1g, which is suitable for
the survival of life. Hence
simulating gravity like on Earth,
would keep us fine, without any
disturbance.
Agricultural 2 0.8 g Researchers claimed that,

torus plants grow in gravity
levels less 1g.
Industrial 2 0.6g Generally, industrial tori

torus have heavy machinery. Having
less gravity in the tori shall make
the workeasier to handle them.
Recreation 2 0.3g Recreation centers shall

centers have entertaining
activities like zero g, galactic
football, zero g F1 races,
Quidditch and many more which
shall need less gravity.
❖ In the absence of gravity, a person would likely encounter the following complications:
• Eyes: The angle of view falls from about 10° to 15°.

• Face: Blood and other fluids accumulate to the upper part of the body, causing the face to
look puffy or swollen.
• Vertebral column: Stretches by several millimeters of about 70mm.
• Heart: The left ventricle shrinks up to 10%. This can result in greater fatigue.
• Muscles: Because they are being used less and blood flow is reduced, muscles begin to
waste away.
• Bones (Osteopenia): Bones become softer due to mineral loss. Particularly large
amounts of calcium are lost.
• Legs: The legs become thinner, and the layer of hard skin on the soles of the feet
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disappears because of the diversion of the blood and fluids away from the lower part of
the body.Due to these reasons, it is absolutely necessary to maintain pseudo gravity
(artificial gravity) in our space settlement.
3.1.2 WHY DO WE REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY IN OUR SPACE COMMUNITY?
Artificial gravity is a force that reproduces the impact of gravityin a spacecraft. It is not caused
by the Earth ‘s attraction, instead is caused by the centrifugal force.
There is a need for artificial gravity in our space settlement to counter the impact of
weightlessness on the citizens of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
Artificial gravity is like a prerequisite in our space settlement which is in orbit around the
earth. Thus, artificial gravity is essential so that it enables the citizens of our space
settlement to complete the tasks they must perform, to make them more comfortable and
to prevent negative health effects from long term weightlessness.
3.1.3 WAYS TO STIMULATE GRAVITY IN OUR SPACESETTLEMENT-
❖ LINEAR ACCELERATION-
Linear acceleration can provide sufficient g-force to provide pseudo gravity. Any
spacecraft could continuously accelerate in a straight line, forcing objects inside the
spacecraft in the opposite direction of the direction of acceleration.
But this method would require a huge amount of fuel for maintaining a constant
acceleration in a linear direction. So, thisis the reason why we are not choosing
this method to stimulate pseudo gravity.
❖ ROTATION-
By rotating a body, we can create centrifugal force which acts as gravitational force in
our space settlement forcing us in the outward direction.
Centrifugal force is not a force at all, it's a lack-of-centripetal force.
Our rotating space settlement can create artificial gravity for its citizens. The rate of
rotation which is necessary to duplicate the Earth ‘s gravity is based on the
radius of the torus.So, in order to calculate the speed of rotation of each torus in our
space settlement we will be using the following equation:
R * [(π*rpm)/30]2 g
=
9.81
Where R = Radius from the center of rotation (in mt)
g = Decimal fraction of Earth ‘s gravity
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rpm = revolutions per minute
π = 3.14159265359
Another important factor for the survival of living beings is the atmosphere. Humans can survive for
days without food and water but can hardly survive for minutes without air.
As air is an inevitable factor for life, it is very necessary to provide artificial
atmosphere in our space settlement.
The atmosphere in the residential tori will have bulk of oxygenand the agricultural
torus will have bulk of carbon-dioxide. The primary source of oxygen for residential
tori will be agricultural toriand the source of CO2 for agriculture tori will be residential
tori. The composition of gases will be as follows:
Given below is a brief description of the artificial atmosphericcomposition in the

residential tori as well as agricultural tori:
RESIDENTIAL TORI
NITROGEN 65.2
OXYGEN 34.3
CARBON 0.2
DIOXIDE
ARGON 0.1
OTHERS 0.2
AGRICULTURAL TORI
NITROGEN 68
CARBON 30.1
DIOXIDE
OXYGEN 1.3
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WATER VAPOUR 0.4
OTHERS 0.2
OXYGEN
Cryogenic Air separation, a process that compresses and cools atmospheric air, then,
- relying on different boiling points - separates the resulting liquid into its components in
a distillation column.
Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), a non-cryogenic technology that
produces oxygen from air by using an adsorbent in a pressure swing process to remove
nitrogen.
REACTIONS:
OXYGEN:
Oxygen is a diatomic gas that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It has a greater
density than air. Oxygen is the third element that is abundant in the Universe and is also
abundant on our home planet Earth.
2KCLO3 (in the presence of heat) → 2KCL + 3O22Na2O2 +

2H2O → 4NaOH + O2
2H2O2(in the presence of MnO2) → 2H2O + O2 2H2O2(in the
presence of current) → 2H2 + O2
NITROGEN:
NH4Cl(a) + NaNO2(aq) → N2(g) + NaCl(aq) + 2 H2O (l)2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2

CARBON DIOXIDE:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O2Fe2O3 + 3C →

4Fe +3CO2
As oxygen level increases, the risk of combustion also increases.
So, to reduce these risks, Hypoxic air technology (for fire prevention), also known as oxygen
reduction system, can be used. It is an active fire protection technique based on the
reduction of oxygen concentration. It does not involve suppressing fire after it has
occurred; instead, it prevents fire by injecting air with reduced oxygen content to lower the
oxygen concentration until the desired concentration is obtained.
Greenhouse gases should also be present in order to heat the atmosphere

constantly. The concentration of greenhouse gases differs slightly in different sectors
as per the temperature required bydifferent crops. Humidity is also important for all
living organisms asits absence would result in death due to dryness. Humidity is nothing
but the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere or in a gas. In our approach
to humidity control for air conditioning systems in our space settlement, we must not
overlook one very basic factor.
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. i.e. if the evaporator coil is not cold enough, it cannot remove moisture
(humidity), and it will stop removing moisture at its dew point temperature (the
temperature at which the air would have to cool at constant pressure and constant
water vapor content).
The atmospheric composition of industrial beaded tori and main control system will
be same as the Residential tori.
3.2.2 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL IN SURGERY

ROOMS –
Infection control, the occupant comfort and drying of mucous are some reasons why
temperature and humidity control are important in surgery rooms. Basically, a surgeon
expects a lower room temperature. In surgery rooms we need to control heating system,
humidity, ventilation, etc.…So in order to control all these factors, we can use HVAC
system……………
3.2.3 ATMOSHERIC PRESSURE –
It is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere. The pressure of air
in the atmosphere can also be termed as atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is a
very essential factor for life.
Its absence might lead to diseases like Osteo-arthritis or sometimes even death.
As there is no atmospheric pressure in space, itneeds to be created inside the settlement.
The atmospheric pressure in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY, shall be similar to that of

the Earth‘s atmospheric pressure at sea level .i.e. 101kPa. The atmospheric pressure shall
be the same throughout the settlement.
The atmospheric pressure shall also be different for different sectors of our settlement
based on the requirements.
3.2.3.1 HANDLING THE TEMPERATURE:

As the temperature is unpredictable and can get very harshlycold sometimes (up
to -270.45oC).Constructing the space settlement and staying in it is nearly impossible
without controlling it artificially. The temperature needs to be controlled inside the
settlement and alsothe astronauts who occasionally come out of the settlement should be
given protection.
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3.2.3.2 CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE INSIDE THESETTLEMENT:
The temperature inside the settlement shall be controlled using the thermostats.
A thermostat is a compound which senses the temperature of a system so that its
temperature is maintained near a desired set point.
As the people in the settlement might be belonging to places with diverse climatic
conditions, we have decided to have a moderatetemperature of 20oC to 25oC, a set point
in the residential tori, industrial tori, Main control sphere and the recreation centers.
Different sectors in the agricultural tori will have varying temperaturedepending on the
needs of the crops being grown in them. As the
temperature goes up or down the set point, the cooling or heating devices shall be
turned on by the thermostat to maintain the temperature, respectively.
3.2.3.3 PROTECTING THE ASTRONAUTS OUTSIDE THE SETTLEMENT:
People who shall have to occasionally go out of the settlement for repairing or some
or the other work shall need some protection from extremely harsh temperatures and other
aspects of the space. For this protection, specially designed suits shall be provided to the
peoplewhich shall protect them from several harsh conditions.
IEVA suits like Gemini GUC, and EVA suits like EMU shall be used.
The temperature and the atmospheric pressure should also be maintained properly,
artificially, as there is no atmospheric pressure in space and the temperature is not suitable
for the survival of plants and animals. There shall be different Thermal rejections in
different partsof KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY depending upon the needs of the occupants.
Food is another inevitable factor in life. On Earth, food is eithergrown through agriculture or got
from animals like pigs, cows,
poultry birds, goats, sheep, etc.… But, as there is no soil in space to grow plants, techniques like
hydroponics are used to grow them. Animals can be taken to KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY from
Earth which shall then breed to produce more.
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3.
HYDROPONICS –
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, in which, the roots are
dipped in the mineral nutrient solutions or inwater.
There are six types of hydroponic systems:-
i. Drip system
ii. Ebb – flow system (flood and drain)
iii. N.F.T (Nutrient Film technique)
iv. Water culture
v. Aeroponics
vi. Wick system

3.4.3.1.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ABOVE TECHNIQUES –Drip System :-
Drip system is the most used hydroponic system. Essential nutrients are added to a tank
filled with water so that a nutrient reservoir is created. This reservoir is kept separately
from the plants. The water is then pumped into a network of tubes which is released to the
plants individually. A timer could be used in this system to control the pump.
Ebb and Flow System: -
The Ebb and flow system works in a similar way to that of thedrip system but is simpler
and easier to use.
In this system, we again make use of a nutrient reservoir

in which water is kept separately (in a grow tray), so that it can
supply enough water to the plants.
A timer is set periodically, so that the pump gets activated

whichis kept in the nutrient reservoir. When it is activated,
the grow tray would get flooded with all the nutrient solution
released by the pump,so that the plants would receive their own
nutrient requirements.
N.F.T. (Nutrient Film Technique) :-
This method does not require any timer. Instead,
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the nutrientsolution is pumped up into the grow tray from the reservoir which would be a
cycle that is continuous.
The grow tray is arranged in such a manner which would look like it is slightly
slanting so that the nutrient solution flits from one end to the other, allowing the
solution to plunge into the reservoir, where it is recycled.
AEROPONICS:-
The Aeroponic system is the most technologically advanced

method of all the hydroponic systems. Scientists have claimed that this
system would be the solution to the scarcity of food in future.
Like in the N.F.T. system, in this system too the roots are left
down hanging below. Then, the nutrient solution is pumped up into
atube followed by the spraying of the solution from a higher pressuredpump as a haze
over the swaying roots.
DEEP WATER CULTURE (DWC):-
This technique is the simplest method of hydroponics. In this system,

the grow tray is not kept separate from the nutrient reservoir.
Instead, the growing platform shall simply float on the nutrient
solution. This floating platform holds the top of the plant including the
leaves above the water. There will be holes made so that the rootsshall grow directly down
in the water.Because of no circulation in the nutrient solution, it is consequential to place an air
stone to keep the water oxygenated.
WICK SYSTEM: -
The Wick system is also a simple method. This is a

passive system (no moving parts). The nutrient solution is
drawn into the grow tray from the reservoir through a wick.
The drawback of this system is that, that if a large
plant or aplant which consumes huge amounts of water, may use the nutrient solution up
even faster that the wicks could supply it.
IN OUR SPACE SETTLEMENT WE ARE GOING TO USE :
❖ Drip System
❖ N.F.T.
❖ Aeroponics
Depending upon the amount of water and nutrients needed by the plants at how much
frequently, these techniques are very useful, advantageous, cheap, active and very effective.
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.4.4ANIMALS
Animals, which give us food and other valuable products shall be brought from Earth
and kept within the residential tori wheredifferent comfortable centers shall be made
for different animals.
3.4.4.1 ANIMAL HUSBANDARY-
Animal Their products
Poultry birds Chicken and eggs.
Pigs Pork.
Cows and buffaloes Beef and dairy products.
Goats and sheep Meat, wool,
Marine creatures, such as fish, Sea cuisines.
Honey bees Honey.
Other animals such as rabbits, Meat and other

frogs, crabs, insects, etc. usable products.
Water is something life cannot be thought of without, But, asthere will be no

availability of water in space, we need to produce it by carrying out several chemical
reactions in the industries of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY .
The following are some of the reactions which shall take place in the industries of
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY to produce water (H2O):
The most basic reaction is :-
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (g)
Neutralization Reaction:-
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Burning of Propane :-
C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g)
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CO2 from the reaction can be used as reactant in the Sabatier reaction:-
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O
Burning of sugar
C12H22O11 (g) + 12O2 (g) 12CO2 + 11H2O (l)
Reaction of Nitrous oxide and Oxygen :
4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Sunlight is abundantly available in our space settlement and will bethe primary
source of energy. We will be obtaining this by installingmany space solar panels.
➢ Advantages of using Solar energy:-
1. Solar energy does not possess the risk of producing hazardous pollutants.
2. Solar energy can be easily deployed anywhere, and it can be converted and consumed
for local needs.
3. Space solar power can take advantage of our current and historic investment in
aerospace expertise to expand employment opportunities in solving the difficult
problems of energy security andclimate change.
4. Space solar power does not require environmentally problematicmining operations.
5. Surplus solar energy can also be stored for further use, which has being discussed
successively.
Photovoltaics (PV) is the field of technology and researchrelated to the

application of solar cells for energy production byconverting sun energy (sunlight,
including sun ultra violet radiation) directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
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The latter refers to the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage). Solar
cells are photovoltaic devices that use semi-conducting materials to convert sunlight
directly into electricity. When sunlight is absorbedby these materials, it causes electrons
to flow through the materialgenerating electric currents. Solar cells produce direct
current (DC) electricity.
The excess solar energy will be stored in the OPzS.

OPzS battery is a single cell construction, the nominal
voltage is 2V.
―OPzS‖ is the German abbreviation of ―Ortsfest
Panzerplatten Standard‖-- means Stationary, Tubular
Plate and Standard respectively. The positive plate is
the tubular plate, the negative plateis pasted plate and
the electrolyte is flooded. Energy will also be stored in
Thermal mass systems which are best for storing solar
energy.
The cycle of day and night is very important for both plants andanimals.
On Earth, this is caused by rotation about its axis. To createthe effect of day
we are using grow lights as they provide conditionssimilar to the sun. We shall increase or
decrease the brightness as perthe requirements to create the variations in the day. As we know
the variation of day and night is quite necessary as it reminds the personthat the day has
ended, and they should go to sleep.
So when everyone sleeps at a specific time, we can have definitetimes for work and
office in the day. During the day the temperatures would be about 28 o to 32o and 17 o to 23
o at night. Tosave energy we can also create sunlight by means of TOLED (Transparent
Organic light Emitting Diodes).
In our settlement, there will be two seasons namely 1. Summer 2. Winter
As we know summers would be having long days and short

nights while winters would have longer nights compared to that of the
summer. Temperatures in summer would rise to around 35 degrees.
and in winter it would fall to around 15 degrees. We shall implant temperature sensors to
maintain the temperature. An individual who would feel the temperature extreme and can
change them in their home.
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CH-4 HUMAN LIFE DESIGNING
4.1.1 What is Community Design?
Community design is about the planning of

land use, which involves the structure and
management of the built environment – buildings,
streets, and transport systems that collectively help
to provide a neat & tidy settlement and the perfect method of municipalities.
A community design should be mainly projected towards relationships between people

and the environment built in which day-to-day activities are undertaken. A positive community
outcome can be achieved only when design decisions are taken according to environmental,
economic and social considerations.
Size, location, environment, street parking, accurate density, height& width of buildings
4.1.2 How to achieve proper community design?

are the provisions that play a key role in achieving good & proper community design.
Zoning by-laws can also promote efficient land use patterns by allowing a greater mix
of uses in specified areas and by regulating minimum heights, densities and lot
sizes for more compactneighborhood.
4.2.1 What is a constitution?
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to

which a state or other organization isgoverned. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute,
what the entity is. When these principles are written
down into a single document or set of legal
documents, those documents may be said to embody a
written constitution; if they are written down in a
single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a
codified constitution.
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4.2.2 What is the purpose of a constitution?

The main purpose of the constitution is to establish fundamentalrights among the society.
The fundamental rights are:-
➢ Secular:-Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion.
➢ Equality: -All are equal before the law.
➢ Justice:-Citizens are not discriminated against on the basis of caste,creed, religion and
gender.
➢ Liberty:-There are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens inwhat they think, how
they wish to express their thoughts and theway they wish to follow up their thoughts in
action.
➢ Fraternity:-No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior.
4.2.3 Rules of constitution, civil and criminal punishments:-

The crimes are of two types:-
1) Civil crimes
2) Criminal crimes
Civil cases usually involve private disputes between persons or organizations.
Criminal cases involve an action that is harmful to society as a whole.
PUNISHMENTS:-
Civil cases like land disputes – the person should be put in prisonfor 3months and pay
100animons.
Criminal cases like theft, etc. - the person or a group should be inprison without food for two
weeks and then pay 200animons.
Criminal cases like murder – the person or a group will besentenced to death.
4.2.4 THE PREAMBLE OF OUR SETTLEMENT:
PREAMBLE
WE, THE CITIZENS OF KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY ,

have solemnly resolved toCONSTITUTE KALPANA CHAWLA
COLONY into a SECULAR, SOCIALIST, DEMOCRATIC
CITIZENRY FEDERATION, to secure and
protect all of its citizens,
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The importance of education and schooling is-
⯃To become a good human ⯃to gain social and physical development etc
4.3.1 Education and Schooling:
Studies from primary [age-3yrs to 11yrs] to higher [age-

12yrs to 17yrs], secondary schooling are to be held in KALPANA
CHAWLA COLONY Public school. Studies for Inter I and II years are to be conducted in
the KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY College.
For further studies KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY University shall be held.
AGE OF THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

CITIZEN
3 years Pre-kindergarten Joy School
4 years Kindergarten KALPANA CHAWLA

COLONY Kindergarten
5 – 12 years Middle school KALPANA CHAWLA
COLONY Public School
13 – 16 years High school Animo High Level Of

Education (Ahle)
17 – above years Undergraduate University Of KALPANA
school/University/College CHAWLA COLONY
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Better health is central to human happiness and well-being. It also makes an important
contribution to economic progress, as healthy populations live longer, are more productive, and
save more.
FACTORS:
1. Mental: Your state of mind can have a great impact on how you body responds to stress,
digestion, and immune system.
2. Nutrition: Depending on the variety and types of foods your body eats can determine your
overall wellbeing.
3. Exercise: Muscles need to move and stretch in order to function properly. For example,
cardio can help your heart keep fit.
4. Hereditary: Our genetic makeup may have predispositions to certain diseases, therefore we
may take extra care of our body in relation to those predispositions.
5. Social: If you frequently go out with friends to drink or eat

fatty foods as a way to hang out it could seriously affect your
health.
Therefore the maintenance of our settlement KALPANA

CHAWLA COLONY will be tidyand will provide an exercise center where people will have
scope of moving and stretching their body. Here will be absolutely no mental tension or stress on
the citizens of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY .
This robot was invented by Da Vinci in 2000.This is used for

performing surgeries .It has four arms, which are controlled by a
remote.
There are many other robots which are useful in assisting the surgeons
while performing surgeries to treat ailments. Robots like these will be used
to make the work of the doctors easy, and to provide perfection in the
operations.
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The business activity in which safeguarding people‘s money & valuables is known as banking. It
also includes transactions, loans,converting currency etc….
Banking is very important because.
❖ People come to know the importance of saving money.

❖ Their valuables & money will be safe.
❖ It helps in businesses with the traders of foreign.
This the reason why KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY will have two settlement
banksnamely:-
➢ KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY Bank for Internal Purposes[ABIP]

➢ KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY Bank for External Trades[ABET]
ABIP is used for internal purposes like saving money, simpletransactions etc, where as
ABET is used for external trading i.e. selling the products produced by the factories of
the settlement.Robots shall be appointed for money exchange.
There would be 2 branches of each of these banks in each residential torus, making a total of 8
banks in the settlement. These banks will also provide loans and all other facilities which banks
in earth provide.
4.5.1 CURRENCY OF KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY :
Currency is a system of money which is used generally, and peopleusually feel comfortable with it in a
particular region. Establishment of Currency in our settlement is important, as the citizens should
know the value of a unit. It even gives a clear clarity in the revenue system
and banking mechanisms. Currency plays a vital role in not only forthese purposes, but also in
many fields, like in trade, etc.
❖ Currency in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY :

For notes, we decided to keep in terms of SAT.1 SAT =
3$
For coins, WICKS.1
WICK = 0.03$
We shall appoint robots for money exchange as mentioned earlier in CH-4.
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Without entertainment, people will have a boring and meaningless life in the settlement. Many
people in the settlement might have a very hectic and wrapped up life because of work. The need for
relaxation and enjoyment for the residents has made us decide to have two recreation centers in the
settlement. Many sports and de-stressing methods will be used in order to make the lives of the
residents more interesting.
We have designed many sports out of our imagination, to actually turn many things
which were thought to be impossible into reality.
These are some of the entertainment facilities which will beprovided in KALPANA
CHAWLA COLONY :
24X7 WI-FI: - Wi-Fi (internet facilities) will be available in thesettlement all the time .i.e. 24x7.
ZERO g: - zero gravity experience will be available in therecreation center in order to create
a space like environment Zero gravity football arenas will be made.
Galactic football will be one of the most common and popular sports in the settlement.
Many other earth sports like rugby, tag, gymnasticsetc. will be played in zero g for
an amazing experience.
Quidditch: - We have decided to organize a wizards‘ sport called quidditch, where the players
mount on brooms and fly and score goals using a ball, meanwhile, there will
also be a seeker who need to catch atiny flying object, A Snitch (given below-
right image, Harry Potter catching the Snitch) and the seeker who catches the
snitch first, that very team shall win the game. This is a very famous sport mentioned in the
novel series, Harry Potter, written by J K Rowling.
F1 races: - Exiting races will be organized, participated by highly trained
professionals, for driving in low gravity. Many other races like cycle races, motor
bike races, athletics etc will be organized and will be enjoyed by audience of the
entire settlement.
Movies: - Movies from 2D, 3D, 4D ….up to 9D shall be available in large cinema
theatres in the recreation centers.
Other entertainment facilities: - amusement parks, gardens, ponds, gymnasiums, libraries, gaming
centers etc. will also be available in thesettlement.
Space Tour: - People will also be given opportunities to have a free walk-in space inside specially
designed chambers to have a comfortable ride.
Tour de KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY : - People will also be given rides of the entire
settlement in magnetic elevators and observe all the working mechanisms of each tori, if possible,
also the docking section.
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KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY shall have a wide variety of houses to choose from for all its residents.
All the houses share common construction materials, ventilation, etc.
These houses belong to the richest sections of the economy. There will be two floors
or above (if necessary) in total. The floor planis given below:
First Floor Second Floor
Villa In these houses, there shall be three floors. The plan is as follows:
GROUND FLOOR: FIRST FLOOR
IRST FLOOR:
Second Floor: -
These houses shall be occupied by the richest

sections of society.
4.6.4 APARTMENTS FOR LOW/MODERATE INCOME FAMILIES:

1 BHK 2 Bhi
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The central or main control system of the entire settlement will be situated in the
central nucleus or sphere. The whole department will be divided into various areas where
each department will have aparticular function to operate.
The control sphere will contain the following departments: -
S. no Departments Functions
1. Energy Power supply to the entire settlement.
2. Water Water supply to the entire settlement

and controlling all water relatedproblems.
3. Food Supervising the growth of crops and
animals. Supplying food to all theresidents.
4. Atmospheric Maintaining the balance in the
Balance amount of each constituent in theatmosphere.
5. Thermal rejection Maintaining proper temperature and
controlling all fire related problems.
6. Natural Cycles Controlling natural cycles like day

and night, seasons etc.
7. Security Protecting the people from outside
damage as well as protecting peopleinternally.
8. Transportation To supervise the internal and external
transportation in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
9. Industrial All the industrial activities including.
mining will be supervised in thedepartment.
10. Waste Waste management and recycling
Management will be supervised by this department.
All these departments will contain 30 crew members each, whowill look after the
functions of the particular departments they work in. Only the security department will
contain 60 members. The reasonfor this will be explained in 3.2 sub-topic.
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Totally, the central sphere will provide employment to 330 people. These people will
be highly trained and can deal with anyproblem to the settlement in their field. These
people will be directedby the commander. The commander will be the supreme power of the
entire settlement. Besides supervising the work of the crew members,he will also maintain
law and peace in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY. Thus, thecommander and the crew
members will dedicatedly work for the prosperity of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
This will be the structure of the main control system of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY
Now, when the construction of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY will be completed

andwhen the people start living in it, there will arise a need for the protection of the settlement
from the dangers that can cause harm to it, a need to safeguard from the loss of life and
wastage of resources used, due to the destruction of the settlement. To prevent such a mishap
from happening, we will take certain safety measures which will cover all the aspects that can
cause harm to the entire settlement.
But to provide safety measures, we first need to know the aspects that can cause harm to
the settlement.
The following are some dangers the settlement needs to be protected from: -
• Revolving asteroids or any other heavenly body can crash into the settlement.
• Harmful radiation from the sun.
• Other settlements can attack KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY with intention of
capturing our settlement.
• People inside the settlement can have intensions of attempting crimes like theft,
robbery etc.
Keeping in mind all the needs for security, these aspects will be divided into two types: -
1. Those which cause harm to the settlement from outside.
2. Those which internal damage and harm the people and thesettlement.
And hence, the security measures will also be divided into two types: -
➢ Exterior security
➢ Interior security
5.2.1 EXTERIOR SECURITY:

Exterior security refers to the security measures taken to protectthe settlement from exterior dangers
like: -
➢ Revolving asteroids or any other
heavenly body that cancrash on the
settlement.
➢ Harmful solar radiation.
➢ Attack by other settlements.
Certain security measures will be taken to
protect the settlementfrom all these
dangers.
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For protection against harmful radiation the entire settlement will be

shielded with high tensile strength materials, as mentioned earlier in Ch-2.
or other beams will be used to terminate the asteroids which are swiftly
coming towards the settlement. If the asteroids contain valuable
minerals, they will be caught and mined to extract the minerals. This
will become clearer in Ch-6.
If the size of the asteroids is small, then catching them won ‘t
bea problem, but, if the size of them is extremely large, then, they will be laser beamed and broken
to make them small, and these smaller sized, broken pieces will be caught and used for mining.
Also, many hi-tech flying drones will be suspended around KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
They will have high definite cameras fit on them. These drones will be used to keep an eye on the
entire outer space around KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY. And, they will be supervised by
the security department, from the main control. These drones will sense any heavenly body
asfar as 500m from the settlement and will send an alarm to the main control sphere so that the
security department will be pre-informed. These drones will also contain some ammunition in
order to terminate minor threats like small asteroids etc. Drones will also sense any illegal
entrance of people from other settlements and the security department will take action in order
to defend our settlement.
5.2.2 INTERIOR SECURITY:-

As mentioned earlier, the security department will comprise of 60 crew members, 30 will
sit in the control sphere and supervise the entire settlement as well as the
outer space, all the security robots anddrones, whereas the other 30 will be
the police squad and will patrol the entire settlement.
CCTV cameras will be put in the entire settlement and any

disturbance noticed by the observing crew members will be informedto the police squad who
will immediately reach the spot to fix the problem. Hi-tech ground vehicles will be provided
for them for this purpose.
Many armed hi-tech ground robots like Knightscope K5(right)and also, many flying drones will
patrol the entire settlement.
This is how peace and security will be maintained in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
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In KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY, transportation will be of 2 types:-

• Internal transport
• External transport
5.3.1 Internal transportation -

CARS :- The sun has no lifespan and the energy produced from it is
unlimited. So, we shall use the never-ending energy of the sun to the
fullest. Solar cars shall be used in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
These cars shall be the best solar cars that will be for both family and
racing purposes. Solar cars depend on a solar array that uses photovoltaic cells (PV cells) to
convert sunlight into electricity. Our solar cars will use gallium arsenide solar cells, with
efficiencies around thirty percent. Other solar cars use silicon solar cells, with efficiencies
around twenty percent. The battery pack will be sufficient to allow the car to go 270 miles
without sun, and allow the car to continuously travel at speeds of 70 mph. Solar cells will be
spread over the top of the car, that will produce enough energy to keep its electric motor running.
MOTORCYCLES:- These are the most fascinating vehicles amongst
adults. They occupy less area and hence would also work on solar
power. We ‘ll make it battery-powered, but the batteries will be
charged by solar energy. We shall set up a "fueling" station with 40
solar photovoltaic units, each generating 250 watts of electricity. Theenergy is stored in
batteries before being transformed by powerful inverters into the alternating current needed
by the motorcycle. This Bike will sport a liquid-cooled 125 kW electric motor, roughly
equivalent to a 167 hp engine. It is both racing bike and non-racing bike.
CYCLES: - Riding a cycle is keeps a man fit and healthy. It refreshes us
and makes us feel active. Keeping these points in mind, we would provide
the citizens of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY with the latest
technology cycle which would be comfortable for them while they are
riding. So, we would use dynamic bicycle in our settlement KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY. In
these bicycles, chains are replaced by shaft drive. The main advantage of shaft drive is that they don't
require tune-ups to clean, lubricate and adjust the chain. They use larger diameter wheels for faster
and more efficient riding, plus the comfort of softer seats and more upright riding positions to give
you more control, better visibility, and more enjoyment from your bicycle rides.
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TRANSPORTATION IN THE CENTRAL CYLINDER:
There shall be a magnetically electrical elevator with a base in an oval shape,which could carry a total of
49 persons, 50th being the operator. Thereshall be a control panel situated at the bottom of the corner of
the base,which the operator himself knows the exact location. The central cylinder will be used for
inter-tori transportation.
Various minerals shall be extracted from the extraterrestrial bodies.i.e. asteroids. Some of the
minerals extracted from these asteroids shall be used in our settlement for various purposes and
theother half shall be transported to Earth. We also need to use mineralsextracted from the Moon.
So, in that case we would make use of a spacecraft (for external transportation).
5.3.2 EXTERNAL TRANSPORTATION-

A special type of spacecraft shall be designed which would be helpful in extracting
minerals from the surface of the Moon. This spacecraft would extract minerals and shall transport
them to our settlement. This spacecraft shall carry cargo weighing up to 10 tons. In total, there
shall be 20 such spacecrafts. Each spacecraft shall have a different time for transporting cargo.
i.e. a time gap of ½ year to our settlement.
These spacecrafts are designed in such a manner that they will also be capable of
capturing asteroids. A group of four members shallbe appointed for operating the spacecraft
out of which two members shall be responsible for
operating and the two shall be responsible for
monitoring the spacecraft.
These spacecrafts will also work with solar
energy as well as NEXT (NASA Evolutionary
Xenon Thruster). With NEXT, the spacecraft
could achieve a top speed of 132.4 km/hr.
We shall use the same spacecraft for

transporting the purified minerals from our
settlement to Earth. As our settlement is in L4 point, we shall maintain an equal distance. i.e.
between Earth and KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY ; KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY
and Moon; and Moon and Earth.
So, when the spacecraft transports the minerals to

KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY, the same spacecraft shall
be used again to transport the purified minerals that were
obtained from the asteroids and the minerals brought by the
previous spacecraft The spacecraft after transporting the
minerals to Earth shall be directly sent to Moon.
39 | P a g e
5.4 COMMUNICATION:
Communication is the way of int erchanging thoughts, information or
opinions by speech, writing, or by signs. Communication is the major
factor influencing human life. Human ‘s nature is to communicate with
each other.
So, we shall provide the best type of communication in our
settlement ―KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY ‖ both internally and
externally. We will provide its citizens with supersuper-fast and non-
stop communication and high-speed internet.
We would use neutrinos as the primary communication medium
for exchanging information from earth to KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY or KALPANA
CHAWLA COLONY to earth. Neutrinos are of a weak interactive nature.
It is affected only by the weak nuclear force and, very faintly, by gravity. As a result, it
can pass through almost everything (i.e. both abiotic and biotic substances) without causing any
harm to them. As a result, advanced extraterrestrial civilizations could communicate across
vast distances in space using neutrino beams.
There shall be 3 satellites in total for external communication.All of the 3 satellites
will be placed in geostationary orbit. These 3 satellites will be placed at the vertices of an
equilateral triangle so as to get communicated to the entire earth.
From KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY to earth the signal will be sent to S1 or S2
or S3(it depends upon which is nearer to the settlement). There the signal isamplified and then
sent to the satellite which is near to the targeted location. S1, S2 and S3 would cover 120
degrees of the earth.
Then from satellite S1, the signal will be sent to desired locationon earth. From earth to
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY, the signal will be directly sent to the satellite which is
nearer to KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY . From there, a signal is passedto KALPANA
CHAWLA COLONY .
There will be 1 satellite for internal communication which will revolve on the orbit of
the settlement with the same revolution speedas the settlement in order to prevent collision.
The satellite will be located close to the settlement. Signals for communication and Wi-Fi will be
exchanged from this satellite.
A settlement should have proper waste management in order to live a healthy life and make
the area a pleasant place to live in.
The approximate waste produced in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY in one day would be:
Residential tori- 20-30 kg
10-20 kg Industrial tori-50-60 kg
Central sphere-5-10 kg Recreation
centers-10-15 kgDocking sections- 5-15
g
The waste produced shall be separated into liquids and solids.
40 | P a g e
5.5.1.1 ORGANIC AND HUMAN WASTE:
Human waste shall be recycled by the following ways:

First, we shall separate the waste into liquid and solid waste.
Both of which shall be collected from houses through drainage pipelines and will be
stored in a storage container in the Industrial tori.
In this unit, the liquid waste shall be sent to the Fertilizerprocessor facility
where it will be treated to obtain fertilizers and then we shall transport it to the
agricultural tori.
While the liquid waste is being processed, the solid shall be sentto the bio reactor where
the solid waste is composed and then isshall be transported to the agricultural tori.
Organic waste shall be collected and processed to produce

manure and bio-fertilizers which will be used as manure for kitchen,
gardens, etc.
Anaerobic Digestion involves liquid waste matter which again

involves converting a fraction of the waste to Carbon Dioxide and
Methane. Methane can be used as a fuel and the Carbon Dioxide shall be sent to the
agricultural tori.
5.5.3 PLASTIC WASTE:

The plastic waste shall be collected from houses which shall be recycled and reused in
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY.
The ways to recycle plastic are as follows: -
The easiest and the most common plastics are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Examples include soda and water bottles, medicine containers, and many other common
consumer product containers. Once it has been processed by a recycling facility, PET can become
fiberfill for winter coats, sleeping bags and life jackets. It can also be used to make bean
bags, rope, car bumpers,tennis ball felt, combs, sails for boats, furniture and, of course, other
plastic bottles.
Polyvinyl Chloride, commonly used in plastic pipes, showers,
curtains, medical tubing, vinyl dashboards. Once recycled it can
be ground up and reused to make vinyl flooring, window frames
or piping. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is used to make thin,
flexible plastics like wrapping films, grocery bags, sandwich
bags, and a variety of soft packaging materials.
41 | P a g e
• Initial size reduction process-items are shredded

into pieces as small as 100mm to prepare the e-waste
which has to be thoroughly sorted. This is also where the
data destruction takes place.
• Over band magnet-using magnets, steel, and iron are removed from the debris.
• Metallic and Nonmetallic content- aluminum, copper and brass are separated from the
non-metallic content. The metallic can then be reused and traded as raw materials. The machine
melts the metal to about 700oC and compresses it into different moulds accordingly.
5.5.5 GLASS
Ways to recycle glass: - Before recycling machines containing glass, the glass will be sorted out and will
be differentiated for making different types of products.
Glass can be recycled by crushing into fine particles and can beturned into products like fiberglass,
tiles and flooring. Glass bottles and other glass products would be crushed usingmachines and then
moulded into present bottle shapes.
5.5.6 Space Debris:

Space debris is the junk floating in space. This junk needs to becleared as it is a danger to the
settlement, it can crash on the settlement by coming in the orbit, therefore, this junk needs to be
cleared from the surroundings of our settlement.
This will be done by using specially designed asteroid
catching machines, designed by NASA, called WRANGLER.
This machine will capture the debris and then send it to the
settlement for further researches, extracting useful products
and waste recycling. The minor space debris will be captured
by the drones suspended around the settlement.
Robotics can be described as the zenith of present day‘s

technical development. We are going to use robotics to make life
easy in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY .
42 | P a g e
5.6.1 Space robotic

Types Of Robotics needed in our settlement:
Space Robotics deals with the development of intelligent robots,
whichwill be used for exploring the vast space. We shall use the
Space Climber
Development of robot systems for unstructured, uneven terrain.
Development of multi-functional robot teams usable for different tasks
ranging from in-home examinations to the organization and maintenance of infrastructure which is
all based methods for autonomous navigation and mission planning in an unknown terrain.
5.6.2 Security
In this area, robots shall be developed to support rescue and security personnel.
Robots shall be used for the development of highlymobile platforms for
indoor and outdoor applications. We shall develop various automated systems in
the Central hub,one among them being for finding any upcoming intruder or
any Asteroid. Development and application of state-of-the-art sensor
technology is based on radar, laser scanner, and thermal vision to identify
objects (asteroids) and persons. We are going to use robotic drones, which was
discussed in 5.2. We will make the security tight as we want the occupants of
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY to be safe and secure.
5.6.3Medication :
Doctor-controlled surgical robots will be used like Microscopicbots — both biological and mechanical
— will be used to clear clogged arteries, measure blood viscosity and deliver drugs to precise locations in
the body. Mechanical aides will increasingly assist nurses and others who provide routine care, easing
the need for nurse's aides, home health care aides and other positions that have been hard to fill.
Among the tasks that robots will, lifting and changing the wards of patients, robots also will be used
for surgeries like the Da Vinci surgical robot. Robots will also be used for delivering medications to
patient‘s rooms, acting as mobile supply closets, following nurses from room to room.
They shall also be delivering lab samples and reports. For all these purposes, we may
use Budgie or HV-100. They shall also be useful in conducting routine monitoring of patients
--taking temperatures, blood pressure, glucose.
There will be many fast- m o v i n g robots and hi-tech speed ambulancesif any emergency occurs.
will go to the head of the class, taking tele- learning to new frontiers. The robot made
by which teaches English at present can be programmed to teach other subjectsalso.
We shall use NAO as it is available for less than 8,000$.We
shall keep upgrading it for better interaction with the students. The
robot relies on either teleconferencing with a human instructor or
preloaded, autonomous lessons powered by artificial intelligence
software, likemotion tracking and speech recognition.
43 | P a g e
CH-6 KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY -AN ENTERPRISE
The construction of KALPANA CHAWLA

COLONY will require a lot of money and resources. Our
aim will be to recover the money and resources which
were spent and earn a profit from it. The construction
andmaintenance of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY
will require a lot of capital and resources. As mentioned
earlier, our aim will be to get back all the money and resources used for the settlement to prevent
loss for the settlement as well as the investors, and even get a profit. For this, the settlement
will require some income. KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY will follow certain earning
practices for this income. The income practices in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY will be
divided into two types: -
• Internal income ⯃External income
Internal income: - Internal income refers to the earnings which comes from inside the
settlement. The following are the means for external income: -
❖ The residents will have to pay certain taxes for living inside thesettlement. All these
taxes will be mentioned in detail ahead in this chapter.
❖ The residents will also have to pay an entry fee for the licensesthey will get for
entering into the settlement.
❖ People will be charged for the voluntarily bought facilities like entertainment tickets,
rents for government houses, food from restaurants and hotels, entry tickets for inter-
settlement tours, entry tickets for swimming pools, gymnasiums, etc.
❖ All the industrial produce which will be made in the settlementwill be exported to
earth. Even the private industries set up in the beaded industrial tours will be given
licenses for which theyshall be charged.
This branch would cover 30% of the entire income. The remaining70% would be obtained
by external income.
External income: - External income will comprise of all the sources from outside the
settlement. The following are the sources of externalincome: -
❖ Asteroids and other celestial bodies like the Moon and Mars are ahuge bank of
resources. Hence, they will be mined, and all the minerals will be extracted out of them.
These resources will either be used in the settlement or will be exported to the earth.
Base camps will be built on the Moon and Mars, as mentioned earlier, for extracting
useful minerals.
❖ Licenses for space tourism and other transportation will also becharged to a great
extent.
These will be the major earning mediums for KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY and will cover
70% of the entire earning
44 | P a g e
When a large amount of money is collected, the entire money will be paid back to the investors. And
then, after all the debt is removed, 20% of the entire monthly income of KALPANA CHAWLA
COLONY will be saved as emergency fund every month, in order to be prepared in case of a disaster.
It ‘ll be our aim that, the entire youth and all the
adults of Kalpana CHAWLA COLONY are employed.
The employment shall, as usual, be divided into three sectors-
a) PRIMARY SECTOR – This sector will include all the

jobs related to production. All agriculture- r e l a t e d
activities come under this sector. Also, jobs in industries
where primary products like air, water, and other important components are produced
come under primary sector.
b) SECONDARY SECTOR – This sector includes all the jobs which are related to
manufacturing the primary produce. Jobs in industries which involve manufacturing the
raw products like,making cars out of steel, furniture out of wood, paper out ofwood, etc.
will come under this sector.
c) TERTIARY SECTOR – The jobs which include providing service to primary and
secondary sectors come under this sector. Communication, Biotechnology, banking,
transportation,information technology, labor and trading are some common fields under
tertiary sector. The employment provided in the central sphere, as mentioned in CH-5.1,
will be included in this sector. Apart from these, people shall also be self-employed as
businessmen and traders. All the labor and low profile work will be done by vacuum
cleaning, floor cleaning and thrash collecting robots, to avoid poverty.
Thus, all people in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY shall be employed in some or the other way.
And no poverty and unemployment will be there inthe settlement.
6.1.2: Taxes: -
A tax is a compulsory contribution imposed
by the governmenton the income of the workers,
business profits or added to the cost of some
transactions, etc.
6.1.2.1 IMPORTANCE OF TAXES:
45 | P a g e
For the well being and maintenance in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY , revenue is needed.
Such sources of revenue are taxes, fees and charges, fines and penalties‘, foreign grants, etc.
Among these, collection of taxes plays a vital role in revenue.
6.1.2.2 DIFFERENT TAXES:

a) DIRECT TAX: It is a tax which is collected from persons, on acertain specified limit
on the income they have earned. It is generally calculated at a certain percentage on
the income.
Income tax, corporate tax, land revenue, etc are some of the examples of direct tax.
Therefore, 10% is the direct tax for every resident in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY
.
b) INDIRECT TAX: The tax which is collected from customers,by including it in the
price of the goods on the products they have purchased. VAT, custom duty, etc are some
of the examples. The goods which shall be purchased by the occupants, the service tax or
VAT which we generally call it, shall directly be added tothe government.
KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY shall have 4

major industries:
➢ Electricity industry
➢ Ceramic industry
➢ Pharmaceutical industry
➢ Chemical industry
These five industries shall play a crucial role in KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY ‘s
economy.
All the industries shall be fully automated operated and shall be equipped with hi-tech
advanced appliances. They would be maintained, controlled and handled by the chief
robots of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY space settlement.
➢ Electricity industry –
Energy from solar panels shall be taken to the electricity industry. From here the
electricity shall be supplied to the entiresettlement.
Surplus electricity shall be stored in batteries and thermal mass systems, which will be
used in case of electricity related issues, as mentioned in Ch-3.
This will be supervised by the energy department in the main control sphere.
➢ Ceramic industry –
A ceramic is an inorganic nonmetal. Generally, ceramics can withstand high
46 | P a g e
temperatures. Our -settlement shall have three ceramic industries, two in beaded
industrial torus A and the other in beaded industrial torus -B. Ceramics are very hard,
strong and brittle but have weak tension. Ceramic is used for various purposes like
floor tiling, roof tiling, cookware, tiles used in space shuttles, etc. The industries shall
produce various kinds of ceramics such as clay ceramic, designed ceramic tiles,
crystalline ceramics, etc.
➢ Pharmaceutical industry:
Scientists claimed that the medicines and drugs manufactured in space have unique
properties which shall be very useful and valuable for humans. There shall be six
pharmaceutical industries in our settlement, three in beaded industrial torus Aand
the other three in beaded industrial torus B. The medicines and drugs shall be produced
in a very huge amount and shall be sold to Earth for the treatment of such deadly and
fatal diseases.
➢ Chemical industry:
There shall be various types of chemical industries in our settlement, mainly oxygen
producing industry and water producing industry and many other.
There’ll also be other various industries which is been listedbelow:
Each industry shall be placed in one bead of the Beaded industrial tori.The remaining beads
shall be used for testing, processing, packing, etc.
NAME
Textile industry
Agro-Food based industry
Furniture
Electronics industry
Accessories‟ industry
Mineral industry
Telecommunications
Media and Broadcasting
Energy Production industry
47 | P a g e
Name of the lab Purpose Placement
Astronomical To study the vast space. To Central

research labs explore the secrets behind the sphere.
endless horizons of the Universe.
Agro and food To study and find out various new Agricultural
based labs methods and develop it more tori
efficiently to increase the crop yield
Pharmaceutical To study various unknown Residential

research labs diseases and find out ways in which it could be tori, Recreational
eradicated. These labs mainly focus on the field centers
of Medical science.
Communication Development of communication All the tori

labs clarity and fast access. .i.e. the
entire settlement
Mineralogical To study and explore numerous Central

labs variety of minerals extracted fromthe Martian sphere
and lunar bases.
Zero g labs Mainly focus on effects of Recreational

weightlessness on all the living centers
beings, etc
48 | P a g e
Expenditure planning will help us to calculate

the total cost of our settlement. It helps the
investors to estimate the money thatwould be
required for the construction of KALPANA
CHAWLA COLONY .
The following table depicts the estimated cost:
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS:
Name of the material Quantity Total cost(US $)
Polyethylene 10 $ 20,000
Demron 3 $ 21313
Polyaniline 5 $ 1220
RTV-Adhesive 16435246.42 kg $ 2,043,524,642
Lead glass 900000 kg $ 27,000,000
Innermost Ferro-nickel 8217623.21 kg $ 14873898

layer
Kevlar-49 3293021.33 kg $ 164,651,066
Radiation protective units 90 $ 429994
Carbon nanotubules 6586042.66 kg $ 329,392,133
Titanium 19674332 kg 1,300,473,345
TOTAL - 3,880,387,611
49 | P a g e
INTERNAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
Field/Area Units Cost
Hydroponic units 3 $ 160,000
Aeroponic units 3 $ 139510
Animal Husbandry 9 $ 451249
Life supporting chambers 20 $ 211558
Bungalows 15 $3,780,000
Villas 25 $ 2408649
First class apartments/Mansions 17 $ 2036000

Holy places 30 $15141
Educational institutions 10 $ 1560532
Graveyards 4 $ 22375
Water storage reservoirs 10 $ 1548140
Storage rooms 10 $ 317077
Banks 14 $ 392430
Markets 50 $ 142282
Hotels/Restaurants 30 $ 750,000
Residential flooring 2 $ 11003564690
Docking sections’ flooring 2 $ 2700455000
Agricultural flooring 2 $ 12225300455
Industrial flooring 2 $ 12004778800
Offices 8 $ 93955
Malls 80 $80,000,000
50 | P a g e
Moderate/low income 60 $ 2102746

groups’ apartments
Clinics and other diagnostic 30 $ 24240

centers
Others - $ 50,000,000
TOTAL $ 38,035,254,830
OPERATIONS, AUTOMATIONS AND ITS

INFRASTRUCTURE:
NAME UNITS/QUANTITY COST
Solar cars 70 2293830
Battery motorcycles 60 44400
Dynamic bicycle 80 64000

Industries 22 920,100,012
TOLED lights 65 11,700
Transport elevators 1 74,693
Research labs 5 1,531,532
High speed uno rails for 4 9,734,667

inter spoke transport
Da Vinci robot 2 4,000,000
NEXT
Knightscope K5 3 108,000
Photovoltaic cells 100 115,100
HV-100 4 130,000
51 | P a g e
NAO 10 80,000
TOTAL 938,287,934
RECRETIONAL FACILITIES:
NAME UNITS COST
Zero g (GALACTIC 2 900,000,000

FOOTBALL)
Quidditch 2 850,000,000
Zero g F1 Races 2 60,000,000
Gymnasiums 2 207,733
Amusement parks 2 7,142,500
Gardens 2 7,211,600
Gaming showrooms 2 1,322,000
Zero g experience 2 13,356
TOTAL 1,825,897,189
STRUCTURAL AND OTHER COMPONENTS:
NAME UNITS COST
Neutrino 2 63000299
communicator
Spacecraft 20 14,000,000,000
Beads 24 2239561251
Central sphere 1 1232566157
52 | P a g e
Recreational 2 1125265942
spheres
Docking sections 2 10,1568
Residential and 4 3577667510

Agricultural tori
Spokes 72 7,200,000,000
TOTAL 29,438,162,730
LIFE SUPPORT FACILITIES:
NAME UNITS COST
Residential torus 2 25,607,094,718
Agricultural torus 2 1,654,078,966
Industrial torus 2 36,542,178,016
Central sphere 1 154,872,310
Recreational 2 132,485,610
spheres
Central cylinder 1 103,568,479
TOTAL 64,194,278,100
Martian and Lunar base together = 7,799,169,989
SALARIES:
NAME UNITS COST
Technicians 9000 1,172,995,000
53 | P a g e
Construction 30000 900,000,000

workers
Advisors 1350 162,000,000
Other workers 5500 1,210,000,000
TOTAL 3,444,995,000
TOTAL FACILITES COST
Construction materials 3,880,387,611

Internal Infrastructure $ 38,035,254,830
Operations, Automations, and its 938,287,934
infrastructure
Recreational facilities 1,825,897,189
Structural and other componentsLife support 29,438,162,730

facilities 64,194,278,100
Martian and Lunar baseSalaries 7,799,169,989
TOTAL 3,444,995,000
149,556,433,400
TOTAL COST OF KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY = $

149,556,433,400
54 | P a g e
Determining the schedule or the timetable is a very important task.
to pre-plan our construction. The following is an approximateillustration for the timetable of
the construction process of thesettlement.
➢ After completing all the primary works like finalizing the project, getting the approval,
appointing the construction team, collecting the funds (capital) and raw materials etc.,
the construction shall be started by 2025.
➢ 2025-2026: - the construction will be initialized by setting up base camps on Moon
and Mars. The labs and research centers inthese bases will start working and extracting
minerals from the surrounding.
➢ 2027-2049: - Using the already available raw materials as well as the resources
extracted from Moon and Mars, the construction of the main settlement will be taken
out in the ordermentioned in the construction sequence.
➢ 2050-2055: - The finishing touch to the settlement will be givenby building the
complete interior, setting up all industries and other buildings, deploying drones and
robots, initializing the growth of plants in the agricultural tori. People and animals will
then be brought into KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY and life will take its place.
Therefore, it shall take 30 years for the construction of KALPANA

CHAWLA COLONY .
www.mrsolar.com
www.solarcity.com www.wired.com
www.bbc.com www.wikipedia.com
www.dentaldepot.com
www.oxygen.com www.merriam-
webster.comwww.chemcool.com
www.producer.com
www.encyclopedia.com
www.terremark.com
www.goodwill.com
http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/designer/index.html
http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/designer/tables.html www.ask.com
www.permanent.com
BY: - PRIYAMVADA BHATT
CLASS IX
GURUGRAM II

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K.

C Colony—A Place Beyond Imagination

Operations And Automations: Tis Includes Factors Like Security, Transportation,

Kalpna Chawla space colony is an effort towards turning a dream

I am very grateful to Mr. Raman Sir, who guided me throughout the

supported me, including my parents . I thank to God for making our

Serial No. CHAPTER Page No.

1.1 NAME OF THE PROJECT

CH-2 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

2.1 BASIC SHAPES

CH-5 OPERATIONS & AUTOMATIONS

1.1 Why I named K.C. Colony

I named my project K. C Colony (Kalpana Chwala Colony) because of her contribution to

❖ An alternate home in case of any sudden disaster on Earth.

❖ Shifting the overpopulated population by shifting them ontothe space

CH-2 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

A cylinder is a three-dimensional shape formed by piling a number of

A torus is a three-dimensional shape which is formed when a cylinder is bent

It has been found that:

to use tori for residential, agricultural, industrial and recreation purposes.

➢ Sphere is easily accessible when compared to other structures. Hence we ‘ll be

Our space settlement would look like this.

orbit, 60 degrees ahead or behind it.

➢ Apart from being stable, L4 also provides many benefits:

2.4.1 LUNAR AND MARTIAN BASES:

“Every project needs a schedule or a sequence to succeed.”

S.NO. CONSTRUCTION TIME VISUALS

1.) The construction of

2.) The construction of

6) The spokes of the

12.) The construction of

The construction of KALPANA CHAWLA COLONY shall be completed in 30

Rotation is a property in which objects tend to move around a center. Rotation is a

Docking generally refers to joining two separate spacecraft ‘s.

Docking section is the place where superficial action including

Materials like the following will be used: -

Polyethylene 6.84 MPa

4 RTV 6.48Mpa Used for pasting different layers

6 Kevlar 35 MPa Impact resistant outer tiles.

7 Lead Glass 16GPa To make transparent walls for

9 Titanium Sealing walls to provide extra

Specially designed thrusters, called NASA Revolutionary Xenon Thrusters (NEXT),

CH-3 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

TORUS Number of Gravity Reason

Residential 2 1g The Earth‘s gravity is

Agricultural 2 0.8 g Researchers claimed that,

Industrial 2 0.6g Generally, industrial tori

Recreation 2 0.3g Recreation centers shall

• Eyes: The angle of view falls from about 10° to 15°.

3.1.2 WHY DO WE REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY IN OUR SPACE COMMUNITY?

3.1.3 WAYS TO STIMULATE GRAVITY IN OUR SPACESETTLEMENT-

g = Decimal fraction of Earth ‘s gravity

rpm = revolutions per minute

Given below is a brief description of the artificial atmosphericcomposition in the

WATER VAPOUR 0.4

2KCLO3 (in the presence of heat) → 2KCL + 3O22Na2O2 +

NH4Cl(a) + NaNO2(aq) → N2(g) + NaCl(aq) + 2 H2O (l)2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O