Teaching & Learning

Resources

Prof. Quifzyn D. Pasaporte

NISU Lemery Campus
 Teaching-Learning Resources
• are tools, which are used by teachers to help learners learn
concept with ease and efficiency
• The role of teaching learning resources in the classroom is to
make learning real, practical and fun for children
• Teachers use teaching learning resources to illustrate or
reinforce a skill, fact or idea
• eaching learning resources also help in bringing novelty and
freshness in classroom teaching as they relieve learners from
anxiety, fear and boredom
• Teaching learning resources are used to enhance the learning
of students in classrooms
 PURPOSES
OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• Capturing attention is the first step to any learning.

Teaching learning resources help in capturing the
attention of learner in classroom. Once motivated to look
at teaching learning resources, the children are curious
to learn new things. Teaching learning resources provide
a variety of stimuli, which help in making classroom
teaching most effective.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• You have read about Blooms –Taxonomy of Objectives.

Learning objectives to be achieved through classroom
teaching in all domains- cognitive, affective and
psychomotor. Therefore, to achieve varied objectives,
varied learning experiences need to be provided, which
can be done through the use of teaching learning
resources.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• Students enjoy the novelty of handling new objects and

learn new concepts through them.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• Teaching learning resources also help in changing

attitude of learners towards learning in general and
subject content in particular. Pictures, models and other
teaching learning resources help in inculcation of
positive attitude of learners.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• They concretize the abstract concepts; thus children are

able to understand them and not resort to rote learning.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• As a teacher you need to organize learning experiences,

making them as realistic as possible. You can use visual
or verbal teaching learning resources to present
accurate data in sequentially organized manner. This
helps teacher to verbal and visual communication in
classroom. Thus, you may use teaching learning
resources to overcome shortcomings in verbal or visual
communication.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• The more the number of sensory channels involved in

interacting with teaching learning resources, the longer
will be the retention of information. Therefore, the
learning will be effective and will last long.
 PURPOSES OF TEACHING-LEARNING RESOURCES

• Teaching learning resources show application of

theoretical knowledge into practical applications. The
theoretical knowledge studied in class is shown in
concrete form through teaching learning resources for
effective learning.
Sample Classroom Situations where the Teaching-
Learning Resources had help in the classroom
teaching.
Cone of Experience
• Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience is a visual model that is
composed stages starting from concrete experiences at
the bottom of the cone then it becomes more and more
abstract as it reach the peak of the cone.
• The arrangement in the cone is not based on its difficulty
but rather based on abstraction and on the number of
senses involved. The experiences in each stages can be
mixed and are interrelated that fosters more meaningful
learning.
Regardless the amount of remembering
from the concrete to abstract, each layer
contributes to learning and requires
instruction support materials.

VISUAL:
Concrete (flat, 3 dimensional, realias,
models, etc.)
Abstract (Verbal Symbols, words)

Audio: Recordings of sounds, natural or

artificials

Audio-Visual: Combination of what can

be seen and heard

Kinesthetic: Manipulative materials like

modelling clay, rings, equipments, etc

Experiential: utilize all modalities

 Direct Purposeful Experiences
• These are first hand experiences which serve as the foundation of
learning. In this level, more senses are used in order to build up
the knowledge. Also, in this level, the learner learned by doing
things by him/herself. Learning happens through actual hands-on
experiences. This level explains and proves one of the principles
in the selection and use of teaching strategies, the more senses
that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning
will be. This level also proves that educational technology is not
limited to the modern gadgets and software that are commercially
available nowadays. This shows that even the simple opportunity
that you give to each child could help them learn.
 Contrived Experiences
• In this level, representative models and mock-ups of reality are
being used in order to provide an experience that as close as
reality. This level is very practical and it makes learning
experience more accessible to the learner. In this stage, it
provides more concrete experiences, even if not as concrete as
direct experiences, that allows visualization that fosters better
understanding of the concept.
 Dramatized Experiences
• In this level, learners can participate in a reconstructed
experiences that could give them better understanding of the
event or of a concept. Through dramatized experiences, learners
b e c o m e m o re f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e c o n c e p t a s t h e y e m e r g e
themselves to the “as-if” situation.
 Demonstrations
• It is a visualize explanation of important fact, idea, or process
through the use of pictures, drawings, film and other types of
media in order to facilitate clear and effective learning. In this level,
things are shown based on how they are done.
 Field trips
• This level extends the learning experience through excursions and
visits on the different places that are not available inside the
classroom. Through this level, the learning experience will not be
limited to the classroom setting but rather extended in a more
complex environment.
 Exhibits
• It is a somewhat a combination of some of the first levels in the
cone. Actually, exhibits are combination of several mock ups and
models. Most of the time, exhibits are experiences that is “for your
eyes” only but some exhibits includes sensory experiences which
could be related to direct purposeful experiences. In this level,
meanings ideas are presented to the learners in a more abstract
manner. This experience allows student to see the meaning and
relevance of t hings based on t he d i ff e re n t p i c t u re s a n d
representations presented.
 *Motion Pictures
*Still Pictures, Recordings, And Radio

• For television and motion pictures, it implies values and messages

through television and films. On the other hand, still pictures,
recordings and radio are visual and auditor4y devices that can be
used by a learner/group of learner that could enhance and extend
learning experience
 *Visual Symbols
*Verbal Symbols
• These two levels are the most complex and abstract among all the
components of the Cone of Experience. In the visual symbolic
level, charts, maps, graphs, and diagrams are used for abstract
representations.
• On the other hand, the verbal symbolic level does not involve
visual representation or clues to their meanings. Mostly, the things
involved in this level are words, ideas, principles, formula, and the
likes.
 Non-Digital &
Digital
Learning Resources
 Non-Digital Learning Resources
• means those teaching learning resources which are developed or
used by a teacher or any other individual, not with the help of
digital technology. Prior to the availability of digital mediums like
computer, Mobile, Internet, etc. a teacher used to take the help of
teaching-learning aids developed by him/her in his/her teaching
activities. These teaching-learning aids which are developed by
teacher himself/ herself mainly constitute non-digital teaching
learning resources.
Examples of
Non-digital Teaching-Learning Resources
• A.CHALKBOARD (Black/Green/White)
Examples of
Non-digital Teaching-Learning Resources
• B. Printed Materials
– 1. Textbook
– 2. Workbook/ Copy Book
– 3. Programmed Learning Material & Self-Instructional Module
– 4. Newspapers & Magazines
– 5. Case Studies & Case Reports
Examples of
Non-digital Teaching-Learning Resources
• C. Non-Projected Teaching & Learning Resources
– 1. Charts
– 2. Maps
– 3. Models
– 4. Posters
– 5. Puppets
Examples of
Non-digital Teaching-Learning Resources
• D. Projected Teaching & Learning Resources
– 1. Overhead Projectors
– 2. Slides
– 3. Filmstrips
 Digital Learning Resources
• are modern instructional gadget that can greatly help teacher in
presenting complex things for effective and efficient teaching-
learning process.
Examples of
Non-digital Teaching-Learning Resources

Computer Aided Instruction or Computer Assisted Instruction

(CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer
is used to present the instructional material and monitor the
learning that takes place. CAI uses a combination of text, graphics,
sound and video in enhancing the learning.
Electronic mail is a method of exchanging messages
between people using electronic devices. An email
messaged is a text, typically brief and informal, that is sent
or received ovder a computer network. While email
messages are usually simple text messages, attachment
(such as image files and spreadsheets) can be included.An
email message can be sent to a multiple recipients at the
same time. It is also known as an “electronic mail message”.
Other Digital Tools
• Cellphones/ Iphones
• Tablets/ Ipads
• Television
• Radios