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Linux Bash Terminal Mustafa

The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands covered in a tutorial video about the Bash terminal in Linux. It lists common commands for navigation, getting help, working with files and directories, viewing and editing text files, changing users and permissions, terminating programs, and useful keyboard shortcuts. It also provides tasks assigned as part of the video tutorial, including questions about the terminal, Bash versus GUI interfaces, the Bash prompt, paths, file listings, hidden files, the file system tree, administrators, and the functions of specific commands.

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50 views6 pages

Linux Bash Terminal Mustafa

The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands covered in a tutorial video about the Bash terminal in Linux. It lists common commands for navigation, getting help, working with files and directories, viewing and editing text files, changing users and permissions, terminating programs, and useful keyboard shortcuts. It also provides tasks assigned as part of the video tutorial, including questions about the terminal, Bash versus GUI interfaces, the Bash prompt, paths, file listings, hidden files, the file system tree, administrators, and the functions of specific commands.

Uploaded by

hmsa7863
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MustafaMohammed.

Linux 01 - Bash Terminal

Bash, or Bourne again shell, is the default shell for most Linux distributions. It works

usually like sh, following the POSIX standard, but containing a large number
extensions, some borrowed from ksh and csh. (https://www.linux.fi/wiki/Bash,
24.2.2020).

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxuRxtrO2Ag (1:14:36,Guide to


the Bash.

In this task, we go through the usual commands of Linux, which will be


reviewed in more detail
later. The video also has good tips that you should at least write down for
yourself
for later use.
NAVIGATION
ls - list directory contents
pwd - print name of current/working directory
cd - change working directory
pushd/popd - put working directory on a stack
file - determine file type
locate - find files by name
updatedb - update database for locate
which - locate a command
history - display bash command history

GETTING HELP

whatis - display the on-line manual descriptions


apropos - search the manual page names and descriptions
man - an interface to the on-line reference manual.

WORKING WITH FILES

mkdir - create a directory/make directories


touch - change file timestamps/create empty files
cp - copy files and directories
mv - move (rename) files
rm - remove files or directories
rmdir - remove empty directories
TEXT FILES
cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
more/less - file perusal filter for crt viewing
nano - command line text editor USERS
sudo - execute a command as superuser
su - change user ID or become another user
users - print the usernames of users currently logged in
id - print real and effective user and group IDs
CHANGING FILE PERMISSIONS

chmod - change permissions of a file

KILLING PROGRAMS AND LOGGING OUT

Ctrl+C - kill a running command


killall - kill processes by name
exit - log out of bash

USEFUL SHORTCUTS

Ctrl+D - signal bash that there is no more input


Ctrl+L - redraw the screen
Ctrl++ - make text bigger in terminal emulator
Ctrl+- - make text smaller in terminal emulator
Check out http://www.ezeelinux.com for more about Linux.

Tasks:

1. The video talks about a terminal, but what is it?


2. What is the difference between bash and gui?
3. The Bash prompt (joe@Dell:~$) consists of four parts. What do these tell?
a. river
b. @Dell:
c. ~
d. $
4. What is the difference between an absolute path and a relative path?
5. Enter the command ls -la, what do you see now?
6. What files are the files starting with . (e.g. .bashrc) in the previous listing?
7. What is meant by the term tree?
8. Which user is an "administrator"?
9. Watch the video to the end and make notes for yourself. All those things will
be reviewed
one by one with different tasks.
10. Did you notice what the tabulator does when typing a command?
11. How do you get the tilde (~) from the keyboard?
12. What does the backspace (\) sign mean and what is it used for in the video?
13. What are pushd and popd commands used for?
14. What is the file command used for?
15. What does the locate command do?
16. What is the sudo command needed for?
17. What does the which command do?
3/3
18. What does the history command do?
19. What does the whatis command do?
20. What does the apropos command do?
21. Which command can you use to read the online manual that comes with
Linux?
22. Why did the video create a bashrc.bak file?
23. Why does the command mv bashrc file1 destroy the original file?
24. How do the commands more and less differ from each other?
25. What is the difference between the > and >> option with the cat
command?
26. What does Piping (|) mean in Linux?
27. What is meant by the term "standard input"?
28. How does a superuser (sudo) differ from a normal user in Linux?
29. How do you know with which user profile you are inside the machine?
30. What is the superuser's home directory?
31. What is the functional difference between su - Cindy and su Cindy
commands?
32. What does the command users list?
33. What does the command id list?
34. What can you say about the following listing?
-rw-rw-r-- 1 stud ope 1001 Mar 28 2020 Linux01 Bash Terminal
35. What happens if you issue the command chmod +x Linux01 Bash Terminal
36. What changes if the command is chmod 764 Linux01 Bash Terminal
37. Why does the color of the file file1 change to green in the video?
38. What does the watch free -h command show?
39. If you use the killall command, what do you need to know?
40. What the following commands do
CTRL-C
CRTL-D
CTRL-L
41. Try how to make the font size larger or smaller on the keyboard
42. What does the command rm -iv do

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