Aakash Modules Physics Solutions-02

Chapter 10
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (2)
P0 = hg + Pair
When tube will be pulled slightly the volume of air above mercury column will increase hence pressure will
decrease.
So, height of mercury column will increase.
Hence slightly more than 70 cm.
2. Answer (1)
4T
 hg
r
4  0.03
 3  10 –3  0.9  103  10
r
4  3  10 2 4
r    10 2 m
39 9
Surface area = 4r2 × 2 = 496.2 × 10–6 m2
3. Answer (2)
A1v1 = A2v2 + A3v3
4 × A = 1 × 2A + v × 3A
2
v m/s
3
4. Answer (2)
1
P0  4gh  P0  4v 2
2
v  2gh
 2  10  5
v = 10 m/s
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54 Mechanical Properties of Fluids Solutions of Assignment
5. Answer (1)
Let mass of cork ball is M.
Mg = upthrust when ball is inside the boat.
Mg = Ving
M
Liquid displaced (Vin) = ...(i)

When ball is dropped in water, still Mg = upthrust
M
Vin  ...(ii)

Boat is floating in both cases. So total volume of water displaced in both cases are same. Hence no change
in liquid level.
6. Answer (3)
W P V
Power  
t t
P = hg = 1.5 × 103 × 10 N/m2
V
 50  10 –6  1.25 m3/s
t
 Power = 15 × 103 × 50 × 1.25 × 10–6 = 0.94 W
7. Answer (1)
vD
R

D 2v
Q  Av 
4
4Q
Or, v 
D 2
D 4Q 4Q
So, R  
 D 2 D
8. Answer (2)
2gh
Velocity of efflux v =
A2
1 – 22
A1
P – P0 2  105
h   20 cm . P0 = 1 atm
g 10 4
Now from Bernoulli's theorem. A1
1 2 1
P0 + gh + v1 = P0 + v 22 h
2 2 v2
from equation of continuity. P = 3 atm v1
A1v1 = A2v2 A2
Solutions of Assignment Mechanical Properties of Fluids 55
A2 3
v1   v2  v2
A1 2
2gh 2  10  20 400
v2     2 × 20 = 40 m/s
A 
2
3 1
1–  2  1–  
4 4
 A1 
v 2 = 40 m/s
9. Answer (2)
A1v1 = A2v2
A1
 v2  v1
A2
2
 v2   4  2 m/s
4
10. Answer (3)
Potential energy
 gh
Volume
= 1000 × 10 × 4
= 40 kJ/m3
11. Answer (2)
Force
Surface Tension 
Length
12. Answer (3)
13. Answer (1)
2T cos 
h
Rg
14. Answer (3)
15. Answer (3)
Velocity of object first increases, then attains a constant terminal velocity.
SECTION - B
1. Answer (3)
W = 2TA
= 2 × 10–2 × 5 × 15 × 10–4
= 1.5 × 10–4 J
2. Answer (1)
PV = P1V1 + P2V2
2T 4 2T 4 2T 4
 R 3   R13   R23
R 3 R1 3 R2 3
R  R12  R12
R = 5 cm
3. Answer (4)
Vi = VF
4 4
R 3  27 r 3
3 3
R = 3r
R
r 
3
W = T × A
T   4r   27 – 4R 
2 2
W = 2.5 × 10–4 J
4. Answer (2)
E = T × A
E  r2
5. Answer (4)
P1V1 = P2V2
4 3 4
 P0  hg  r  P0    4r 
3
3 3
63 P0
h
g
63 H g
h
g
h = 63 H
6. Answer (2)
Fact.
7. Answer (4)
Wair
Relative density of solid 
Wair – Wwater
4N

 3 N = 4
4 –
Wair – Wliquid
Relative density of liquid 
Wair – Wwater
4–2
 =2
4–3
8. Answer (4)
Fact. (Volume of metal plate is less than volume of water displaced by wood)
9. Answer (3)
Bernoulli’s theorem.
10. Answer (3)
v pr 4

t 8l
11. Answer (2)
Fact
12. Answer (4)

Angle of contact for water is acute and for mercury, it is obtuse
13. Answer (4)
F = T(4 × 2L)
F = (8 TL)
= 8 × 2.5 × 2 × 10–2
= 20 × 2 × 10–2 = 0.4 N
14. Answer (3)
v0  r2
V  R2
2
V R 2  1/3 
 2  n 2r  n 2/3
v0 r r
V  n 2/3v 0
15. Answer (3)

Free-fall from H to (H-h) then after some time it attains constant terminal velocity.
16. Answer (2)
17. Answer (2)

A1V1 = A2V3 + A3V
2 × 8 = 1 × 4 + 1.5 × V
12
V   8m/s
1.5
18. Answer (4)
Upthrust = Weight
Vi w g  V c g
Vi C
  Contant
V w
yi 1
  constant =  given
y 2
1.5
 Top of candle will fall at the rate of  0.75 cm/h
2
19. Answer (2)
Fact (Kinetic energy will increase, pressure energy will decrease)
20. Answer (4)
F = 6rv
21. Answer (2)

h
 constant
cos 
22. Answer (1)
2
 M 3
2
v r  

23. Answer (4)
1
2T
 i  0  , R  n3 r
R
24. Answer (1)
upthurst = volume inside object ×  × g
25. Answer (1)
x  y (H  y )
26. Answer (1)
h a
  tan 
l g
27. Answer (3)
2
V   V n3
28. Answer (1)
A1V1 = A2V2
dy
A  a 2gy
dt
A 2h
t 
a g
29. Answer (3)
mg = av2
hAg = a2gh
2a 1
= 
A 2
30. Answer (1)
V1g = V2g + kv
31. Answer (3)
hr = Constant
1
h
r
32. Answer (2)
33. Answer (4)
2  1

w = 4R 1  n 3  s
 
34. Answer (3)
35. Answer (2)
 m1  m2  m3 
dmix =
V1  V2  V3 
m  m  m
dmix =
V V V 
 d  2d  3d 
 
SECTION - C
1. Answer (3)
In equilibrium
20 cm
15 cm
A B oil
water
Pressure at A = Pressure at B.
Pa + 0.15 × 103 × g = Pa + 0.20 × d0 g
0.15  103
d0 
0.20
= 0.75 × 103 = 750 kg/m3
2. Answer (1)
2a2
As VT  (   ) g
9
2  (1)2
VT  (1  0.1 2 ) g
1 9
2 1
VT  (82  0.12 ) g ...(i)
1 9
2  (2)2
VT  (2  0.12 ) g ...(ii)
2 9
VT1 7.9 79
  
VT2 4(0.9) 36
3. Answer (3)
4T
Excess pressure = , Gauge pressure = gZ0
R
4T
P0   P0  gZ0
R
4T
Z0 
R  g
4  2.5  102
Z0  m
103  1000  10
Z0 = 1 cm
4. Answer (1)
2m
a = 2 mm2
Rate of flow liquid
Q  au  a 2gh
 2  106 m 2  2  10  2 m /s
= 2 × 2 × 3.14 × 10–6 m3/s
= 12.56 × 10–6 m3/s
= 12.6 × 10–6 m3/s
5. Answer (4)
2
Power = 6rVT ·VT  6rVT
VT  r 2  Power  r 5
6. Answer (4)
hoil oil g = hwater water g
140 × oil = 130 × water
13
oil = × 1000 kg/m3
14
oil = 928 kg m–3
7. Answer (2)
W = 2(Af – Ai)T
W
 T=
( Af  Ai )  2
3  104 J
= = 0.125 Nm–1
2[5  4  104  4  2  104 ]
8. Answer (2)
2T cos 
h
r g
 r  cos (as T, h and r are constants)
  
1 < 2 < 3

Its rise so 0  1  2  3 
2
9. Answer (1)
Weight of cylinder = Th1 + Th2
A
ALdg = (1 – P) LAg + (PLA) ng
(1–p)L d 
 d = (1 – P)Pn
PL
 =  – P + nP
=  + (n – 1)P n
=1n – 1P
10. Answer (3)
11. Answer (3)
12. Answer (4)
1 2 1
P1  v 1  P2  v 22
2 2
1
2
 
 v 22  v 12  P1  P2
P2 = P
1
2
 
 v 22  v 12 
F
A V2 = 40 m/s
V1 = 0
1
2

 1.2  402  02 
F

250
P1 = P0
F = 2.4 × 105 N, upward (because P1 > P2)
13. Answer (3)

Let n drops of radius r coaslece to form a big drop of radius R
4 3 4
n r  R 3  V
3 3
n × 4r3 = 4R3 = 3V ...(1)

Energy = T.A
= T [n × 4r2 – 4R2]
 n  4r 3 4R 3 
= T  
 r R 
 3V 3V 
= T 
 r R 
1 1 
= 3VT   
r R 
14. Answer (3)
15. Answer (3)
3 cm
P1
P2
15 cm
Pressure applied on 1 point in a liquid spreads equally

So let P1 be pressure at neck, P2 be pressure at bottom
P1 = P2
F1 F2  F
  ∵ P  A 
A1 A2  
12 F2
 
  9   225
 300 N = F2
16. Answer (1)
Pressure at 1 and 2 will be same Y X
X gHX = Y gHY + Hg g × 2 8 cm

10 cm
2 cm
 3.36 × 10 = Y × 8 + 13.6 × 2 2 1
Solving this we get
Y = 0.8 g cc–1
17. Answer (2)
h
v
Vdg h
VDg
Force acting on ball at depth 'h' (i.e. apparent weight)
F = Vg [d – D]
Vg [d  D]
Acceleration (a )  [Mass = volume × density]
VD
Velocity  2ah  v [Using v2 – u2 = 2as]
v 2 2  Vg [d  D ] h  d 
h' (height above water)      1 h
2g 2  gVD D 
18. Answer (4)
   where,
w   w 1   
    density of liquid
  density of body
Inside water 
  
 80  120 1  water 
  solid 
 solid = 3 [∵ water = 1]
Inside liquid
 liquid 
60  120 1  
 solid 
Using solid = 3
3
We get liquid 
2
19. Answer (1)

ρ1 < ρ < ρ2 (given) 1(V – x)g
Let volume of sphere in lower liquid = x
Force of buoyancy by lower liquid = ρ2xg 1

Force of buoyancy by upper liquid = ρ1(V – x)g 2
Force of gravity on sphere = Mg = Vρg
Balancing all the forces for vertical equilibrium 2 xg
Mg
We get
Vρg = ρ1(V – x) g + ρ2 xg
Solving this we get
V (  1 )
x  Where,
(2  1 ) 
V  x  volume of sphere in upper liquid
V  x 2    x  volume of sphere in lower liquid
So  
x   1
20. Answer (4)

For beaker 'A'
Ice is floating in water
ice vice g = water vwater displaced g
∵ ice water
So we can say
vice vwater displaced
So after the ice melts the level of water will not change.
For beaker 'B'
Ice is floating in liquid with density 1.2
clearly liquid > ice
So from above analogy
vice > vliquid displaced
So when ice melts the level in beaker 'B' increases.
21. Answer (2)
Let density of sphere be  V
FBoil  oil g
2
And volume be v
Balancing forces for vertical equilibrium oil
HgVg oil Vg
Vg   Mercury
2 2
13.6 0.8
   V
2 2 Vg FBHg  Hg 2 g
  = 7.2 g cm–3
22. Answer (4)
Apparent weight = weight in air – FBuoyancy
∵ Apparent weight of steel and aluminium is same

So weight of aluminium – FB on Aluminium = weight of steel – FB on steel ...(1)
Al VAl g – water VAl g = steel Vsteel g – water Vsteel g
steel > Al and water = 1
So (Al – 1) VAl = (steel – 1) Vsteel
∵ steel > Al

(steel – 1) > (Al – 1)
So VAl > Vsteel
Also water VAl g > water Vsteel g
 Force of buoyancy on Aluminium > Force of buoyancy on steel.
Using this condition in equation (1)
We get,
weight of Aluminium – weight of steel > 0
 weight of Aluminium > weight of steel

23. Answer (2)
When coin falls into water block has to displace lesser volume to stay afloat.
Implies that block will go up and water will go down.

Hence both l and h will decrease.
24. Answer (2)
ice × volume of ice × g = water × volume of ice inside water × g

917 × volume of ice = 1024 × volume of ice inside water
Let volume of ice = V
V  volume inside water

 % Volume visible   100
V
 917V 
 V  1024 
   100
 V 
 1024  917 
 1024 V
   100
V
= 10%
25. Answer (3)
Weight of wax in air = 18.03 g
Apparent weight of metal in water = 17.03 g
Apparent weight = weight in air – water Vmetal g
So weight of metal in air = apparent weight + Vmetal g [∵ water = 1]
= 17.03 + Vmetal × g
When wax and metal are tied together
Total weight in air = 18.03 + 17.03 + Vmetal × g
And apparent weight in water = 15.23 = weight in air – water Vwax g – water Vmetal g
 15.23 = 18.03 + 17.03 + Vmetal g – Vwax g – Vmetal g

 Vwax g = 20.1
Mass of wax  M
  g  19.83 ∵   V 
density  
18.03  weight 
  g  19.83 Mass 
g   g 
18.03
So specific gravity of wax 
19.83
26. Answer (4)
Let radius of smaller drops be r, and bigger be R
When 8 such drops combine to form a bigger drop the total volume of water remains same
4 3 4
So, 8  r  R 3
3 3
 2r = R
And we know,
VTerminal  r 2
VT smaller r2 r2
  
VT bigger R2 4r 2
10 1
  [∵ VT = 10 cms–1 (given)]
VT bigger 4 smaller
 VT bigger = 40 cms–1
27. Answer (2)
Streamline flow is more likely for liquid with low density and high viscosity.
28. Answer (4)
2a 2  Where given is
VT  g (   ) 
9 3 1
VT  2  10 ms
 2
Substituting values a  10 m
 3 3
  1.5  10 kg m
2  10 4  10  1.5  103  ∼ 0
2  10 3 
9 
g  10 ms2
   167 units
29. Answer (1)
It is decided by rate of flow of liquid
vd
Given by Reynolds number 
n
30. Answer (2)
Previously when stones are on the boat they are increasing the weight on the boat and to balance this weight
boat needs to generate buoyancy force by displacing more water, but when stones are removed the boat starts
displacing less amount of water hence the level of water in tank falls.
Decreases in level
31. Answer (1) Fv

 d   d 
Fv  mg  Fv  vd1g  vd 2 g  vd1g  1  2   mg  1  2 
 d1   d1 
FB
32. Answer (2) mg
Net force = F2 – F1
= Av22 – Av12
v  v 
F  ma  v      Ah    Av 2
t
  t  h
v1
= 2g (h + 1) A – 2ghA v  2gx  1m
 
v2
= 2gA
= 1000 × 10 × 0.01 × 2
= 200 N
33. Answer (2)
Apply Bernoulli's theorem
1 Given
P  gH  v 2  constant 
2 Total pressure  3 atm
Total pressure
1 2
At point 1, 3 atm + 0 = constant ...(i) v
1 2
At point 2, 1 atm + v = constant ...(ii)
2
Equate (i) and (ii)
1 2
3=1+ v [Use  = 1000 and 1 atm = 105 N/m2]
2
We get, v  400 m/s
34. Answer (3)
10 cm2
5 cm2
1 ms
–1
v
P = 2000 Pa
A1V1 = A2V2 (equation of continuity)
10 × 1 = 5 × v
So, v = 2 ms–1
Apply Bernoulli theorem at both the points,
1 1
2000 + × 1000 × 12 = P + × 1000 × 4  P = 500 Pa
2 2
35. Answer (2)

Let time taken by height 'x' to get reduced by dx = dt
volume A  dx
 dt   {A is area of cross-section}
efflux speed 2gx
T h A dx
0 dt  0 2g x
A
A 2h
 T 
a g dx
 T h x
So we can use
a
T1 h1

T2 h2
10 min h

t min h/2
10
 t ∼ 7 min
2
36. Answer (1)
 Where,
v F  Force
F = A
d 
  Coefficient of viscosity

6  10 2  A  Area
 10 2    (103  10 4 )   0.01 poiseuille
6  10 3 v  Velocity

d  Thickness of layer
= 0.1 poise
37. Answer (3)
When we increase the temperature, we are providing energy to the molecules. This increase in potential energy
causes the surface energy to drop and become less negative hence decreasing surface tension because surface
tension is nothing but surface energy per unit area.
38. Answer (3)
Energy = surface tension × surface area × number of free surfaces
= (4.5 × 10–2) × 4 × (2.1 × 10–2) × 2 = 4.98 × 10–4 J
39. Answer (3)
Energy expended = surface tension × increase in area (Formulae)
So, volume initially = volume of 106 drops
3
4  1  4
   106  r 3
3  100  3
1/3
  1 3 1 
    6 r [Let radius of small drops = r]
 100  10 
 10–4 m = r
 1 2 6
2
 1    4  1  1 
So increase in surface area  4    10   100   100 10000 
 10000      
 A  4  0.99
100
Using this value in formulae
4  0.99
Energy  32  102  [∵ Surface tension = 32 × 10–2 (given)]
100
= 3.98 × 10–2 J
40. Answer (1)
2 S cos   Where,
h
 rg S  surface tension  ?

h  height of water in capillary  15 cm
Substituting values

r  radius of capillary  0.015 cm
15 2  S  1 100   angle of contact  0

100 1000  0.015  9.81  2
g  9.8 ms
 S = 0.11 Nm–1
41. Answer (1)
Solid will not get wet if the liquid has high surface tension (example mercury) and liquids with high surface
tension have obtuse angle of contact.
42. Answer (3)
Surface energy = surface tension × surface area
Let the radius of smaller drops be r
And that of bigger drop be R
Then ratio of surface energies = ratio of surface area [∵ Surface tension is same for both]
= 4R2 : 4r2
= R2 : r2 ...(1)
4 3 4
∵ 2 smaller drops are forming 1 big drop so 2  r  R 3
3 3
So, 21/3r = R ...(2)
 Using 1 and 2 we can say that ratio of surface energies = 22/3r 2 : r 2 = 22/3 : 1
43. Answer (4)
2T
Excess pressure  {Where, r = radius of drop
r
1
P 
r
P1 r2 4  P1 1 
  ∵  
P2 r1 1  P2 4 
V  r3
3 3
V1  r1   1 1
    
V2  r2  4
  64
M1 V1 1
 M = V ×  then  
M2 V2 64
44. Answer (1)
N
a mg
mg – N = ma ..... (1)
Let m mass remove from ballon
N
(m –m)
(m –m)g
N – (m – m)g = (m – m)a ..... (2)
After addition of equation (1) & (2), then
2ma
m' 
g a
SECTION - D
1. Answer (3)
vR2
v(N1/3R)2 v= N2/3v
2. Answer (4)
 R 
W = T4(Nr2 – R2) = 4R2T(N1/3 – 1) ∵ r  1/3 
 N 
3. Answer (2)
Mass D V  D2V D1  D2
Density =  1 
Volume V V 2
4. Answer (2)
v2 (8)2 64
h=   = 3.2 m
2g 2  10 20
5. Answer (2)
P1V1 = P2V2
 P2 = 3P1 = 3P0
P0 + w gh = P2
w gh = 2P0 = 2 Hg g (75 cm)
h = 20 m
6. Answer (3)
3
V  1000 = V × 
4
 = 750 kg/m3
7. Answer (3)
R = 2 h1h2  2 2  2 = 4 m
8. Answer (3)
=F×3
h4
g  F 3 (h = 4 m)
3
256
F g
9
9. Answer (1)
W = TA = 8 × 0.03 (25 – 9) × 10–4 = 3.84 × 10–4 J
10. Answer (4)
10  w  g = 12.5 g.
 10
  0.8
w 12.5
11. Answer (2)

Atmospheric pressure above the sea level decreases exponentially.
12. Answer (3)
P
F1 F2
l
F1 – F2 = Alda
P = lda + hdg = d(la + hg)
13. Answer (4)
14. Answer (3)
P  R(Fluid resistance)
1
R
r4
15. Answer (3)
Fnet  a  2gh   a   2agh

2 2
2g  2h   a0 
M
16. Answer (1)
1 atm 105 Pa = 76 cm of Hg
Hg  density of Hg
Density of Hg = 13.6 
hHg  height of Hg
Hg × g × hHg = TBM × g × hTBM 
TBM  density of
Substituting values  tribromomethane

hTBM  height of tribromomethane
13.6 × 76 = 2.9 × h 
3.52 m = h
17. Answer (1)
Pressure close to the base = gH
Force required = pressure × area of hole = gH(r2)
18. Answer (2)
Let the difference between 2 limbs be x
x
Pressure on the line Y Y' should be same below both limbs, so
glycerine × g × h = water × g × (h + x)  = 1.2 h = 10 cm
Y Y
 1.2 × 10 = 1 × (h + x) P P
 2 cm = x
19. Answer (3)
Let height of water in tank be h
So, 4P – P = wgh ...(1)
3 2
∵ water taken out th water is left to exert pressure
5 5
2
P  P  w gh
5
2
 P  P   3P [From eq. (1)]
5
11 P
 P 
5
20. Answer (4)

Let initial radius be = r
Final radius = r + 200% of r P = gH
P (1)
= 3r 3r
Atmospheric pressure = gH h

Let depth of the lake be h
r P= gH + gh (2)
So, pressure at the bottom of lake = gH + gh
Using P1V1 = P2V2
4 4
gH  (3r )3  (gH  gh )  r 3
3 3
4 4 4
gH    27r 3  (gH ) r 3  gh  r 3
3 3 3
Solving this equation we get

26H = h
21. Answer (3)
Let mass of liquid with density  = M1
Let mass of liquid with density  = M2
Total volume = V
Net density of mixture = 
Now,
Total mass = M1 + M2
  Total mass 
V = M1 + M2
∵  
 V 
 M2 = V – M1 ...(1)
Now,
Total mass (M1  M2 )

 
Total volume  M1   M2 
    
   
Substituting value of M2 from equation (1)
M1  (V   M1 )

M1 (V   M1 )

 
Solving this we get
V (  )
M1 

22. Answer (4)
Vg Vc
 Where,
V  volume of cavity
When dipped in water  c
Vg  volume of gold
Wapp = Wair – FB 
Wapp  9 gm
 9 gm × g = 10 gm × g – FB 
Wair  10 gm
 1 × g = FB F  force of buoyancy
 B
Now (total volume displaced) × w × g = 1 × g w  density of water  1

(Vc + Vg) × 1 = 1 g  density of gold  19.3
Mass of gold in air 10

Vc  1   1  0.482 cc
g 19.3
23. Answer (2)
Since block of ice is displacing some oils to stay afloat when the ice block melts level of oil will go down.
24. Answer (1)
FL
L  Let density of liquid  
AY 
Let density of object  
 Elongation  force and force is due to weight Mass of object  M

So elongation  weight
L1  weight ...(1) {When not submerged in liquid}
L2  apparant weight ...(2) {When submerged in liquid}
Dividing (1) by (2)
10 Mg

10 Mg 
10  Mg 
3 
1 1

 1 
1 1
3 
Solving this we get
 1

 3
So relative densities of object () and liquid () is 3 : 1
25. Answer (1)
W ' = W – FB
 Where,
v W   apparent weight
 v g  g 
2
W  read weight = actual weight of body in vaccum
     density of solution (1.1)
 v g  1 
 2  
  density of material (11.4)
 1.1 
W   200  1  
 11.4  2 
= 190.35 gF
26. Answer (4)
Rate of flow  pressure difference × (radius)4
Q  P × a4  Pr 4 
∵ Q  
 8L 
Q1 P1 a14
So, 
Q2 P2 a24
Q1 P  a4 64
 4

Q2 a 1
4P   
4
Q1 Q
 Q2  
64 64
27. Answer (1)
P1 P2 P3
L L/2 L/3
P1 = P (given)
r r/2 r/3
∵ Rate of flow will be same across all pipes
rate of flow of liquid (Q )
length 
So, pressure across the pipe   Pr 4
 Q
(radius)4  8 L
P1

L /r 4  
1
P2  L /2  8
 
  r /2 4 
 
ThenP2 = 8P1
28. Answer (1)
Applying Bernoullis equation
1 1
P1 + gh + v12 = P2 + gh + v22
2 2
1
×  [v12 – v22] = P2 – P1 = P
2
1
 × 1.293 [(60)2 – (45)2] = P
2
 1018 N/m2 P
29. Answer (1)

Rate of flow through both pipes will be same
i.e., Q1 = Q2
V1 V2

t t
r12 l1 r22 l 2

t t
 l1 l2 
 Where t  VP and t  VQ 
 
d12 d 2
 VP  2  VQ
4 4
2
d 
 VP   2  VQ
 d1 
2
 4  10 2 
 VP    VQ
 2  102
 
 VP = 4VQ
30. Answer (2)
1
 V 2 = mercury gh
2 water
mercury
V  2 g h
water
40
 2  13.6  9.8 
100
 V = 10.32 m/s
31. Answer (3)
2a 2  Where
Vterminal  (   ) g 
9   density of material
  density of liquid
 VT  ( – ) 
VT1 gold  liquid Given,
  V  0.2 m/s
VT2 silver  liquid  T1
V  V  ?
0.2 19.5  1.5  T2
   3
V 10.5  1.5 gold  19.5 kg/m
 V = 0.1 m/s  3
liquid  1.5 kg/m
 3
silver  10.5 kg/m
32. Answer (3)
Work done = surface tension × change in area
Since volume will remain equal
Let us assume radius of new drop = r each
4 4
 R 3  64  r 3
3 3
R
 r
4
W = T A
= T [n × 4r2 – 4R2]
 2 
R 
 T 64  4    4R 2   12R 2T
 4 
33. Answer (2)
2T
P   Where,
R P  Excess pressure
 0
1 
Pressure  T  Surface tension
Radius R  Radius
P1 R2
 
P2 R1
4P R2
 
P R1
 4R1 = R2
R1 1
 
R2 4
M=V×  Where,
M  Mass
And V  R3  M R3 

 is same for both V  Volume
  Density
M  R3
3 3
M1  R1   1 1
So,     
M2  R2  4 64
34. Answer (2)

Work done = surface tension × change in area × number of free surfaces = S × A × 2
= 0.03 × 4 × (10 × 10–2)2 × 2
= 75.36 × 10–4 J
35. Answer (4)
2T
Height of liquid in capillary  h  Where,
r g T  Surface tension

Pressure we need to apply = gh + P0 r  Radius of capillary
Substitute value of h   Density of liquid

2T 2T 4T P0  Atmospheric pressure
P  g   P0   P0   P0
r g r d
4  0.07 Given,
 P  P0 = 1000 Nm–2 + 105 N m–2 
(0.28  10 ) 3
T  0.07 N/m
d  0.28 mm
 P = (103 + 105) N m–2 = 101 × 103 N m–2 
36. Answer (3)
2T cos 
h
r g
For water,
2  Tw  cos0
10 cm  ...(1) {Tw – Surface tension of water
r  1 g
For mercury,
2  TM  cos135
 3.42 cm  ...(2) {TM – Surface tension of mercury
r  13.6  g
Dividing Eqn (1) by (2)
10 2  Tw  1 r  13.6  g

 3.42 1
r  1 g  2  TM 
2
10 T
  2  13.6  w
3.42 TM
10 T
  w
3.42  1.41 13.6 TM
1 T
  w
6.5 TM
37. Answer (4)
2T T  surface tension
Excess pressure  
R R  radius
2  75  10 3

1 10 3
= 150 N/m2
38. Answer (1)
If entire arrangement is in free fall then the weight of water in capillary will be balanced by pseudo force which
would be equal to the weight of water.
Hence, surface tension has no weight to balance so full capillary will be filled with water.
39. Answer (2)
0.08  103
Pressure due to oil column = oil × g × hoil   9.8  2  103  15.68
(102 )3
Now, excess pressure = pressure due to oil column
4T
  15.68
R
4 T
  15.68
1 102
 T = 3.92 × 10–2 N/m
40. Answer (2)
Let take g = 10 m/s2
For water to enter the sphere, pressure required is = gh
40
 1 10   1000 ( = 1000 kg/m3)
100
R
N
= 4000 = excess pressure
m2
Let the hole have radius = R
2T
Excess pressure  [One surface air, one surface water]
R
2  0.07
 4000 
R
 2R = 0.07 × 10–3 m
 d = 0.07 mm
41. Answer (1)
vTerminal  r2
If initial radius = r, let new radius = R
4 3 4
Then 2 × r = R3
3 3
 (2)1/3 r = R
 vT  R2
 (2)2/3 r 2 (For bigger drops)
vT smaller drop r2

vT bigger drop (2)2/3 r 2
5 1
 
x (2)2/3
 5 × (2)2/3 = x
 5 × (4)1/3 cm/s = x
42. Answer (4)
Since drop is falling from a large height it achieves its terminal velocity and then there is no further increase
in velocity so v is independent of 'h' if 'h' is very large.
43. Answer (4)
a 19.6 a
tan    2
g 9.8
tan  = 2 a
 
2  2  g
 sin      sin1  
5  5
44. Answer (4)

Let depth of water in cylinder be x
So velocity (v) of efflux  2gx

x
Time taken (t) by water to travel vertical distance of H
v
2H

g H
 Range = v × t
R
2H
R  2gx 
g
Solving this we get
R2
x
4H
45. Answer (3)
Since quantities of water flowing out of both holes is same
 Area of hole × velocity of efflux = constant
So, A1 × v1 = A2 × v2  A1  Area of square hole

Substituting values. v1  Velocity of efflux from square hole  2gx

 A2  Area of circular hole
a2  2gx  r 2  8gx v  Velocity of efflux from
 2
 a2 = 2r2  circular hole  2g (4 x )

a
 r
2

Chapter 11
Thermal Properties of Matter
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (2)
Mice Cice t1 + Mice.Lf + MwCwt2 = Ms.Lv + Ms.Cw.t3
40 × 0.5 × 10 = 40 × 80 + 40 × 80 = ms(540 + 1× 20)
200 + 3200 + 3200 = ms.(560)
6600
ms =  11.79  12 g
560
Total mass of mixture = 40 + 12 = 52 g
M total = 52 g
2. Answer (1)
If temperature in celsius is t then
5
t= (5t – 32)
9
9t = 25t – 160
16t = 160
t  10 C
3. Answer (2)
T
  K (Tavg  T0 )
dt
10 1
  K (60  30)  K  
10 30
2 1
Now    (50  30)
t 30
2 20
 
t 30
t  3 minutes
82 Thermal Properties of Matter Solutions of Assignment
4. Answer (4)
e
T1
T2
m1 m2 
mT = constant m  Wavelength corresponding to maximum intensity.
T  Temperature
b = Wien’s constant.
5. Answer (1)
Pbb 1 A    T 4
 4
Pb T 
0.5 A     
 4
Ebb 1
 4
Eb  1
0.5   
 4
1
Ebody  E 
2  256
E
Ebody 
512
6. Answer (1)
Q1 = m1Lf = 30 × 80 = 2400 cal
Q2 = msT = 30 × 1 × 100 = 3000 cal
Total heat required to raise temperature is 5400 cal.
 Heat absorbed by ice = msLv
= 2 × 540 = 1080 cal
 Final temperature is 0°C.
7. Answer (3)
150
T0   50 C
3
8. Answer (3)
Thermal capacity = m × specific heat
50  0.2  10 cal/°C
9. Answer (1)
The temperature of sun is measured by Pyro-heliometer.
10. Answer (3)
11. Answer (3)
mT = constant
Solutions of Assignment Thermal Properties of Matter 83
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (3)
KA 100    11KA    0 

l l
 100 –  = 11
100
   8.3C
12
14. Answer (1)
15. Answer (1)
SECTION - B
1. Answer (2)
x  10 60  0
  x = 118°C
190º 10 100  0
2. Answer (3)
No change of state of water
1
100 × 1 (T – 24) = 100 × (200 – T)
10
 T = 40°C
3. Answer (2)
4. Answer (2)
5. Answer (4)
 = x + y + z
6. Answer (4)
7. Answer (2)
8. Answer (1)
9. Answer (2)
A =  – 3x
B =  – 3C
B  A  3C
x=
3
10. Answer (3)
11. Answer (2)
K1T1  K 2T2  K 3T3 100  3  20  2  20  1

Tj  =
K1  K 2  K 3 3  2 1
= 60ºC
12. Answer (4)
t  x22  x12
13. Answer (3)

14. Answer (4)

15. Answer (2)
1.5 x  32 x

9 5
160C
 x= = – 160°F
1.5
16. Answer (3)
5F 160
C= 
9 9
17. Answer (2)
Complete condensation of steam takes place.
100 × 80 + 100 × t = 20 × 540 + 20 (100 – t)
 t = 40°C
18. Answer (4)
K 100  T  2K T  0 

2L L
 T = 20°C
19. Answer (2)
80 – 79.9
5 80 – 20
=  t = 6 minute
70 – 69.9 70 – 20
t
20. Answer (4)

dT
 (T – T0)
dt
 ln (T – T0) = – Kt + C
21. Answer (3)

28  44
T= = 36 cm of Hg
2
22. Answer (3)
Cooling faster means specific heat is less.
23. Answer (1)
Larger the frequency, larger the temperature.
24. Answer (2)
Heat input
Latent heat =
Mass
25. Answer (3)
L1 + L2 = 0
 (1 L1 + 2 L2) = 0
1 L1 + 2 L2 = 0
26. Answer (3)

1000 × 24 = m × 80
27. Answer (2)
30  40  10  0

4
= 20°C
28. Answer (3)
29. Answer (2)
d 1

dt R
30. Answer (2)
31. Answer (1)
32. Answer (4)
200 × (20 – 5) = 100 × L
L = 30 Cal/g
33. Answer (3)
34. Answer (2)
6004  3004
2 =
T 4  300 4
2T4 – 2(300)4 = 6004 – 3004

2T4 = 6004 – 3004 + 2 × 3004
= 6004 + 3004
2T4 = (64 + 34) × 108
2T4 = 1377 × 108
T2 = 26.24 × 104
T = 512 K
t’ = 512 – 273 = 239ºC
35. Answer (2)
36. Answer (3)
37. Answer (2)
mT = constant
 m 3000  m 4000
3
m
  
4 m
38. Answer (2)
Q r  2 l 1 2 1
 2    
Q r l 4 1 2
Q
Q 
2
39. Answer (3)
40. Answer (3)
SECTION - C
1. Answer (4)
Assume at any instant thickness of ice is x. And time taken to form additional thickness (dx) is dt.
x
dx
KA[26  0]dt
mL 
x
KA(26)dt
( Adx )L 
x
dx 26 K

dt xL
2. Answer (1)
Using average method in Newton's law of cooling
(T1  T2 ) T T 
 K  1 2  T0 
t  2 
(80  70)
 K (75  25) ...(i)
12
(70  60)
 K (65  25) ...(ii)
t
Divide eq. (i) by (ii)
5
t   12   15 min
4
3. Answer (4)
Cu LCu   Al LAl
1.7 × 10–5 × 88 cm = 2.2 × 10–5 × LAl
1.7  88
LAl   68 cm
2.2
4. Answer (4)
The heat current related to difference of temperature across the length l of a conductor of area A is
dH KA
 T (K = coefficient of thermal conductivity)
dt
dH
 K
A dt T
Unit of K = W m–1 K–1

5. Answer (4)
We know, maxT  constant (Wien's law)
So, max1T1  max2T2
3 0
 0T  T
4
4
 T  T
3
4 4
P2  T   4 256
So,     
P1  T  3 81
6. Answer (4)
Rate of power loss, r  R 2T 4
r1 R12T14 1
 4
r2 R22T24 = 16
450 1
  r2 = 1800 watt
r2 4
7. Answer (1)
Thermal current
K1A(T1  T2 ) K 2 A(T1  T2 )
H = H1 + H2 = 
d d
K EQ 2 A(T1  T2 ) A(T1  T2 )
 K1  K2 
d d
 K  K2 
K EQ   1 
 2 
8. Answer (2)
Loss of heat by hot body = Gain of heat by cold body
Tc1 1  Tc2 2
Tc1  Tc2  1  2
9. Answer (2)
T1  T2  T  T2 
 K 1  T0 
t  2 
3T  2T
 K (2.5T  T )
10
T
  K (1.5)T
10
1
K=
15
T x T  x 
Now,  K T
10  2 
3T
Solving x 
2
10. Answer (1)
l 2  l1  l 2  l1
 l2(1 + 2t) – l1(1 + 1t) = l2 – l1

l2 2 = l11
11. Answer (4)
mgh
 mLf
4
4Lf 4  3.4  105
 h   136 km
g 10
12. Answer (1)
T1  5760 K ,  mT  2.88  106 nmK
2.88  106 nmK

m   500 nm
5760 K
 m = Wavelength corresponding to maximum energy U2 > U1
13. Answer (3)
14. Answer (1)
15. Answer (3)
16. Answer (4)
17. Answer (1)
18. Answer (1)
According to Wien's displacement Law, if temperature rises than  decreases.
Which explains change of colour.
19. Answer (3)
Liquid oxygen when heated will observe a rise in temperature as well as change in state one time which can
be represented as
Temperature
Time
20. Answer (2)
Q = eAT4
For black body, e = 1
1/4
 T   Q 
 4R 2  
21. Answer (1)

In 1 hour, 4.8 kg ice melts
 Heat supplied = 3.36 × 105 × 4.8 J {Q = L m}
KA
Heat supplied per second   T
L
3.36  105  4.8 K  0.36

  100  K = 1.24 J/m/s/°C
1 3600 0.1
22. Answer (1)
Heat absorbed
Change in entropy, S 
Temperature at that instant
Q
S  [Q = mL1]
T
1000  80
S  S = 293 cal/K
273
23. Answer (2)

Original volume  r 2h
New volume also same as the original volume
But new radius = r/2
Let new height be = h'
2
2 r 
So r h    h
2
4h = h'
KR 2
Q
L
KR 2 Q
Q2  
4  4  L 16
24. Answer (1)
Q r 2T 4
P 2
, Q    4r 2  T 4  P
4R R2
25. Answer (3)
dQ kA(T1  T2 )
H 
dt L
26. Answer (2)

Radiation  T 4
4
R1  T1 
So  
R2  T2 
4
7  500 

x  1000 
x = 112 cal/cm2s
27. Answer (3)
39  0 T  39

100  0 239  39
117°W = T
28. Answer (1)
Q
P , Q = 4r2(t + 273)4
4R 2
r 2 (t  273)4
 P
R2
29. Answer (3)
E  T4
So E  (727 + 273)4
 (1000)4
30. Answer (4)
 1
Wien's law   
 T 
T1  2
 
T2 1
1500 K 
  3000 Å = 
2500 K 5000 Å
31. Answer (2)
A r2  A
Rod with more ratio or ratio will conduct more heat ∵ H  
L L  L
32. Answer (3)
Let the temperature difference be = t
l1' = l1 + l11t
l2' = l2 + l22t {Where l2' and l2 are increased lengths}
l2'– l1' = l2 – l1 {∵ difference of length is same at all temperature}
l2 + l22t – l1 – l11t = l2 – l1
l22 = l11
33. Answer (2)
2 = 1 (1 – T)
992 = 998 (1 –  × 20)   3 × 10–4/°C
34. Answer (1)
Heat required to convert phase of ice = 80 cal
Heat required to bring water at 0°C to water at 100°C = 100 cal
Total heat required = 180 cal
Heat available = 540 cal [Lu of 1 g steam]
 Final mixture will have steam + water
and when steam is present in mixture temperature has to be 100°C
35. Answer (4)
d2  KA 
H H  L ( T )
L  
2 2
H1  d1   L2   1 1 1
So        
H2  d 2   L1  2 2 8
H1 1

H2 8
36. Answer (2)
KA K  r 2 K  (2r 2 ) 2K  r 2
Q1  (T2  T1 )  (T2  T1 ) and Q2  (T2  T1 )  (T2  T1 )  2Q1
L L (2L ) L
37. Answer (2)
H
∵ T is same for both the rods and lengths are also same   constant
KA
H1 H2
So K A  K A
1 1 2 2
H1 K1A1  H1 
 ∵  4
H2 K 2 A2  H 2 
 4K2A2 = K1A1
38. Answer (1)
K1A1 K A
(T2  T1 )  2 2 (T2  T1 )
L L
 K1A1 = K2A2
39. Answer (4)
Unit of Stefan's constant is watt/m2K4
40. Answer (4)
Connected series way so,
K 2K
A A
l l
R = R1 + R2 [For series]
2l l l
   K = 4/3 K.
K A KA 2KA
41. Answer (2)
Gravity is the necessary requirement for convection.
42. Answer (2)
E  T4
So, E  (500)4
43. Answer (2)
Cavity maintained at constant temperature is closest to black body.
44. Answer (2)
According to Stefan - Boltzmann's Law
dH
 T 4  T04
dt
20 1000 4  5 4

x 1500 4  5 4
320
 x W
3
45. Answer (1)
80C 
t
 75C 
t
70C 
t
65C
1 2 3
According to newton's law of cooling

T1  T0
ln  kt
T2  T0
Where T0 is temperature of surroundings and T1 and T2 are initial and final temperature so more difference
between T1, T2 and T0 less is the time taken to reach T2 from T1
 t3 > t2 > t1
46. Answer (1)
Maximum  Temperature = b(constant)
47. Answer (1)
Wavelength lies in infra-red region as temperature of human body is very low.
48. Answer (4)
Wien's displacement Law
m  T = b
1
So  m 
T
49. Answer (2)
1
 [Wien's Law]
T
1 T2
So   T
2 1
 m 3000

 2000
2
m  
3
50. Answer (1)
E  T4
4
20  T 

E  2T 
E = 320 kcal/m2 minute
51. Answer (3)
When a wire snaps, its elastic potential energy is converted into heat energy. So, temperature rises.
52. Answer (4)
We know
L =  L
L
   
L
L
Also  strain
L
 Strain =  ...(i)
1
Energy stored per unit volume  (strain)2Y
2
1
   2 2  Y [Using eqn. (i)]
2
1
Substituting values   (12  106 )2  (20)2  1011 = 2880 Jm–3
2
SECTION - D
1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (2)
Difference of 100°C = Difference of 180°F
100  9
 = 5°C
180
3. Answer (2)
100[1 + (2.4 – 1.7) × 10–5 × 100] = 100.07 m
4. Answer (2)
Heat required to convert 150 g ice at 0°C to water at 0°C is 12000 cal. Now heat released by 10 g steam at
100°C to water at 0°C is (540 × 10 + 10 × 100) = 6400 cal.
Heat required > Heat released
Hence final temperature of mixture will be 0°C.
5. Answer (3)
10  20  30  40
= 25°C
4
6. Answer (4)
t 62  22
 2
10 2  02 t = 80 h
7. Answer (3)
dT Area R 2 1
  3 
dt Mass R R
8. Answer (4)
k1A1  k2 A2 k1  2k2
keq = 
A1  A2 3
9. Answer (3)
70  69.9
6 70  30 t 4
= 50  30  
50  49.9 6 2
t
t = 12 s
10. Answer (4)
Thermal stress = Y 
YA = mg
11. Answer (4)
32 S – 20 S C–0

80 S – 20 S 100 – 0
12. Answer (3)

w = b
w (1 – w) = b (1 – b)
 = 68ºC
13. Answer (1)
A
Rate of cooling 
V
14. Answer (2)
T  20 60  0

100  20 100  0
T  20 60

80 100
T = 48 + 20 = 68°C
15. Answer (3)
R
Cp  Cv  because Cp and Cv are given per unit mass.
M
16. Answer (2)
YAB = 1.2 × 1011 N/m2, YBC = 1.5 × 1011 N/m2
No shift of the junction at all
FL
  L  
AY
1
 
Y
1 Y2
So,   Y
2 1
1.5  105 1.5  1011

Substituting values,   2 = 1.2 × 10–5/°C
2 1.2  1011
17. Answer (3)
Expansion in Hg volume  expansion in container.
 Volume coefficient of Hg  3 × Linear coefficient of expansion of vessel
 3 × 1 × 10–5/°C
Hg  3 × 10–5/°C
18. Answer (3)
At lesser temperature tape will decrease in length so the reading 30 cm on the tape is lesser than 30 cm in
real.
19. Answer (4)
Coefficient of linear expansion should be different.
20. Answer (3)
1 + 2 + 3 = 
2 × 10–4 + 3 × 10–4 + 3 × 10–4 =   8 × 10–4/°C = 
21. Answer (2)
7
Cp  R
2
5
Cv  Cp  R  R
2
Cp 7
 
Cv 5
22. Answer (1)

Heat required to bring 100 g of water from 30°C to 0°C will be Q = 100 × 1 × 30 = 3000 cal
3000
 Amount of ice that get melted =  37.5 g
80
So amount left = 12.5 g
23. Answer (2)
dT
(slope) less means more specific heat.
dt
24. Answer (3)
50% of lost KE goes to melt ice
1 1 10  20  20
    1J
2 2 1000
1
Amount of ice that melts   0.003 g
80  4.2
25. Answer (4)
dQ dm
 L ∵ Q  mL 
dt dt
dQ
 0.1 80  8 cal/gs also, Q = mst
dt
dQ dT
So  ms
dt dt
dT
8  10  1 [∵ It melts in 100 s so total mass of sphere = 0.1 × 100 = 10 g]
dt
dT
8C/s 
dt
26. Answer (2)
Steam at 100°C
6.5°C
water at 15°C + calorimeter of W = 20 g
Let mass of steam that gets condenced while the temperature of water is raised by 6.5°C = x g
So, heat released by steam = 540x cal + x × 1 × 78.5 [Q = mL + msT]
This heat goes to the water + calorimeter system
Q required by water = 1100 × 1 × 6.5 = 7150 cal
Q required by calorimeter = 20 × 1 × 6.5 = 130 cal
Qreleased = Qrequired
78.5 x + 540 x = 7150 + 130  x 11.7 g
27. Answer (2)
H =  (4  R2)T4 [H =  eAT4] for black body e = 1
1/4
 Q 
 T  
 4r 2 
28. Answer (2)

Gravity is required for convection.
29. Answer (3)
In isothermal compression
Work done = Q (heat supplied)
 Isothermal compression is reversible
30. Answer (4)
2
R 
S    T 4
r 
S  T4
31. Answer (2)
3K(100 – ) + 2K (50 – ) = K 50°C
2K
300K – 3K + 100K – 2K = K 3K

100°C
400 = 6
K
0°C
400

6
200

3
32. Answer (4)

mT1 = Constant [Wien's law]
 1T1 = 2T2
0.5 × 10–6 × T1 = 10–4 × T2
T1
 200
T2
33. Answer (3)
(a) 0°C Al Cu Al 100°C
∵ The rods have identical dimensions.

Let their area of crossection be = A
and length be = L
So each rod would have heat resistance of
L
R
KA
Reff = R1 + R2 + R3
L L L
  
K Al A KCu A K Al A
L 5
Reff   [∵ KAl = 200, KCu = 400]
A 400
T 100
H1  
Reff L 5 …(1)

A 400
(b) When rods are connected in parallel
1 1 1 1
  
Reff R1 R 2 R3
L
Reff   800
A
100
H2 
L …(2)
 800
A
Dividng (2) by (1)
40 400
  H2  400 W
H2 800  5
34. Answer (2)

Heat loss  Area  (Radius)2
22
H1  r1  r  1
So     
H2  r2   2r  4
35. Answer (2)

0 e d   area under the graph of e and 
also it gives total radiated average power per unit surface area which is called total intensity of radiation.
36. Answer (4)
Power radiated  r2 T4
2 4
P1  r1   T1 
   
P2  r2  T2 
2
450  r   T 
4
   1
P2  r   2T 
 2
 P2 = 1800 W
37. Answer (2)
Let temperature of junction be = 
Heat flowing to junction = heat out flowing
KA KA KA
 30        20      10 
30 20 10
 30       20     10 
 
3 2 1
 30      20  2  20

3 2
60 – 2 = 9 – 120
180

11
16.36°C = 
38. Answer (2)
t + r+a=1
a = 1 – (t + r)
 1 1
 1   
9 6
13
a
18
39. Answer (1)
∵ Both have same volume
 a3 = r2L …(1)
Amount of radiation  Surface area [∵ Temperature, material are same for both]
Radiation cylinder 2rL 2rL . a
 
Radiation cube 6a2 6a3
Using equation (1)
We get
Rcylinder a

Rcube 3r
40. Answer (4)
Rate of cooling depends on temperature of body, surrounding temperature, not on radius.
41. Answer (1)
R = eAT4
loge R = 4 loge T + loge (eA)
directly proportional.
42. Answer (1)
Arrangement is like resistances in wheat stone bridge
 No temperature difference between two outer corners.
43. Answer (2)
Time intervals to change thickness from 0 to x from x to 2x are in ratio of 1 : 3 : 5 : 7 ……
 t1 : t2 = 1 : 3
= 24 : 24 × 3
 t2 = 72 h
44. Answer (4)
T4
Solar constant 
r2
Solar constant equivalent to power received so
P1 T14 r22
 
P2 r12 T24
2
P T 4  r / 2
 
P2 r 2 (2T )4
P2 = 64p
45. Answer (2)
Body loosing its temperature soon means low specific heat  SA > SB
46. Answer (1)
2
R 
S    T4
r 
2
3
 7  105  8 4
1.4  10     5.67  10  T  T = 5800 K
8
 1.5  10 

Chapter 13
Kinetic Theory
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (1)
ab PV a2 b
At V  a, P  T  
ab nR  b  a  R
2. Answer (3)
R
CP  CV 
 1
3. Answer (2)
7
For  
5
R R 5R
CV   
 1 7 2
1
5
R 5R 7 7R
CP    
 1 2 5 2
5
For  
3
R 3R
CV  
5 2
1
3
3R 5 5R
CP   
2 3 2
7R 5R 5
2  1 7
 min  2 2  2
5R 3R 3
2  1 5
2 2 2
19 2 19
=  
2 13 13
4. Answer (3)
10P
PV  P '0.9V  P' 
9
126 Kinetic Theory Solutions of Assignment
5. Answer (3)
E2 T2 5
 
E1 T1 3
6. Answer (2)
2 2
K rot  K tr   30  20 J
3 3
7. Answer (3)
V2 T2 T2
   2  T2  546 K
V1 T1 273
8. Answer (1)
3R  400 1 3R  T
vO2  
32 2 2
T 400
  4
2 32
 T  100 K
9. Answer (2)
12  22  32  42  52
v rms   11 km/s
5
1 2  3  4  5
v mean   3 km/s
5
10. Answer (4)
1

2d 2 nv
SECTION - B
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (3)
nRT 2RT
P 
V V
4R2T
P   4P
V
3. Answer (2)
PV = nRT = 2RT
4. Answer (2)
T1  T2
T=
2
5. Answer (3)
3RT 5RT 6RT 31RT

U  1  2  3 
2 2 2 2
Solutions of Assignment Kinetic Theory 127
6. Answer (4)
22  32  42
Vrms =
3
4  9  16 29
= = km/s
3 3
7. Answer (3)
3R  300
v
2
3R  1200 v
x x=
32 2
8. Answer (2)
RMS speed is independent of pressure change.
9. Answer (4)
N1CVT1 + N2CVT2 = (N1 + N2)Cv. Tmix
N1T1  N2T2
 Tmix 
N1  N2
10. Answer (4)

11. Answer (4)
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (4)
14. Answer (4)
15. Answer (3)

1 N 2
P m Vrms
3 V
16. Answer (2)
17. Answer (2)
KE 3 3 3
 P  ( hg )  (0.76) 13.6  103  9.8
vol 2 2 2
 1.5  105 J
18. Answer (2)
19. Answer (1)
20. Answer (4)
21. Answer (2)
22. Answer (4)
Cp = 3R
Cv = 2R
3
r   1.5
2
23. Answer (3)
U 1

Q 
3
U  200   120 J
5
24. Answer (3)

25. Answer (2)
SECTION - C
1. Answer (2)
Diatomic gases have 5 degrees of freedom, if vibrational mode is neglected. And if vibrational mode is also
considered then degrees of freedom of diatomic gas molecules are 7.
2 2 7
For Hydrogen   1   1 
f 5 5
2 2 5
For Helium   1   1 
f 3 3
For gas X (vibrational mode also considered) f = 7.
2 2 9
  1  1 
f 7 7
7 5 9
So,  , , 
5 3 7
2. Answer (2)
Increase in temperature would lead to the increase in kinetic energy of gas (assuming far as to be ideal) as
F
U nRT
2
3. Answer (2)
Vescape = 11200 m/s
Say at temperature T it attains Vescape
3kBT
So,  11200 m/s
mO2
On solving,
T = 8.360 × 104 K
4. Answer (4)
f f
U = n1 1 RT  n2 2 RT
2 2
5 3
= 2 RT  4  RT = 5 RT + 6 RT
2 2
 U = 11 RT
5. Answer (2)
P kT

 m
Pm
 
kT
6. Answer (3)
vrms = 200 ms–1, T1 = 300 K, P1 = 105 Nm –2
3RT
v rms  , T2 = 400 K, P2 = 0.05 × 105 N/m2
M
V2 T2
 v  T
1 1
400 400
 v2   200 ms1  ms1
300 3
7. Answer (3)
A B
2P P
1.5 d d
We known,
PV = nRT
m
PV = RT
M
m 1
P    RT
V M
d
P RT
M
P1 d1 M2
So, P  M  d
2 1 2
2P 1.5 d M2
 
P M1 d
M1 15 3
 
M 2 20 4
8. Answer (2)
9. Answer (4)
We known
n
Cv  R ...(i)
2
n n
So, CP  R  Cv  R  R = R  1   ...(ii)
2  2
On dividing equation (ii) by (i)
 n
R 1  
CP  2
 
Cv n
R
2
 n n
So,  1    
 2  2
2
  1
n
10. Answer (2)
The mean free path of molecules of gas is given by
1
 where d = diameter of molecule
2d 2n
d = 2r
1
So,  
r2
11. Answer (4)
Mole of helium is 4 g
1
So, number of moles of helium = moles
4
NTP there is constant pressure
f 3R
CP of gas = R=
2 2
Q = CP × n T
3 1 3R
= R   (T2  T1 ) = (T2  T1 )
2 4 8
12. Answer (1)

 x at 10°C
P
M
x
PV
Molecular mass × number of moles

x
R T
1
 x
T
383 x

283 x 
283
x  x
383
13. Answer (2)
Vapour pressure for the same liquid is always the same. So the ratio will be P : P or 1 : 1.
14. Answer (2)
At constant volume if temperature is increased pressure will increase. Since pressure is increased due to
collisions of particles will the wall of the container. So collisions per unit time will increase.
15. Answer (3)
Numbers of degrees of freedom = n.
n
Internal energy of gas = RT
2
R
K= where N is the Avogadro's number.
N
or NK = R
n
Internal energy = N KT
2
n N KT nKT
Internal energy per molecule = or
2 N 2
16. Answer (2)
Cp
For a certain gas  1.5
Cv
Cp = Cv + R
R
1  1.5
Cv
Cv
R= or Cv = 2R
2
Cp = 3R
17. Answer (3)
According to kinetic energy of gases at absolute temperature molecular motion stops as for ideal gases only
in kinetic energy of gases is considered which is given by
f
K.E. = nKT
2
So, T = 0 K and motion will be zero.
18. Answer (4)
207
CP = = 20.7 J/mol-K
10
R = 8.3
and CV = CP – R = 12.4 J/mol-K
Q = CV T = 124 J
19. Answer (1)
Relation between pressure (P) and average kinetic energy is given by
1
P= mNv 2 ... (i)
3
1
E= mv 2 ... (ii)
2
Using (i) and (ii)
2
P= E
3
20. Answer (3)
Velocity of sound in air is given by
P  RT
Cs  or
 M
3RT
C= P
M

Cs = C
3
21. Answer (4)
3RT
V=
M
V= K T
V1 = K 300
V2 = K 1200
V1 300

V2 1200
2 300
V1  V2
300
or V2 = 2V1
22. Answer (2)
1
8 g of O2 = moles
4
PV = nRT
1  1
PV =
4
RT as n  4 
23. Answer (1)

By definition at absolute zero the kinetic energy of a gas is zero.
24. Answer (1)
A non-linear triatomic gas has 3 translators and 3 rotatory degrees of freedom.
25. Answer (2)
1
P MnV 2
3
1 M 2 1
P'   n  2V   2  MnV 2  2P
3 2 3
SECTION - D
1. Answer (2)
PV = (n1 + n2)RT
 1 2 
 P × (2 × 10–3) =    × 8.31 × 300
 10 10 
P = 375 kPa

2. Answer (3)
n1 + n2 = n1  n2
2PV P V P V
 
RT RT  RT
P = 77 × 10–2 × 13.6 × 10
T = (273 + 27) = 300 K
T = (273 + 127) = 400 K
P = 88 cm of Hg
3. Answer (1)
n1f1  n2f2 2  3  3  5 21
fmix   
n1  n2 5 5
R R R
and (n1 + n2) fmix × T = n1f1 T1  n2f2 T2
2 2 2
 21  R 3R 5R
5  T  2  300  3   400
5 2 2 2
7800
T   273  98.4C
21
T  98C
4. Answer (3)
5. Answer (3)
3RT 3R (2T )
v , v   2v
M (M /2)
6. Answer (1)
1 KT
 2 =
2d n 2d 2P
7. Answer (2)
8. Answer (2)
n1Cp1  n2Cp2 57

   1.5
n1Cv1  n2Cv 2 35
9. Answer (2)
m
PV  RT
M
PM = RT
10. Answer (1)
n1Cv1T  n2Cv 2T
 2 RT
(n1  n2 )
11. Answer (1)
1 m1 / V pM  m.RT 
  1 1
2 m2 / V p2M2 ∵ p  M V 
 
3  20.2
  0.947
2  32
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (2)
RT
(2 × 5 + 4 × 3)  11RT
2
14. Answer (4)
PV
 const.
T
VA < VB P
B
P 1 1 1 A
   
T V VA VB
15. Answer (4)

16. Answer (3) T
n1CP1  n2CP 2
mix 
n1CV 1  n2CV 2
17. Answer (2)

18. Answer (1)
After stroke PV = constant
PV = P1(V + v)
PV V
P1 =
(V  v )
v
Similarly after 2nd stroke
2
 V 
P2 = P  
V  v 
After nth stroke
n
V 
Pn = P  
V  v 
19. Answer (3)
Variation of atmospheric pressure due to height is given by the barometric formula
Ph = P0 e–mgh/RT
Hence the decrease will be exponential.
20. Answer (2)
Each particle closes experience a pseudo force initials, themselves to give low pressure every where. This is
because of Pascal's law.
21. Answer (2)
Given, 1 mole of O2 at temperature T, pressure P
and 2 moles of H2 at a temperature 2T
n  RT
P1 =
V
RT
P0 = P
V
4 RT
PH =  4P
V
22. Answer (2)
PT = Constant
T2
or = Constant [PV = nRT]  T2 = KV ... (i)
V
Differentiating w.r.t. T, we get
2T K dV 2T dV
  
V V dT VK VdT
dV 2TV 2
  
VdT VT 2 T
23. Answer (2)
PV = nRT

P= RT
M
Initially  = 0, P = P0, T = T0
0 R
P0 = T0 initially ... (i)
M
x R
3P0 = 2T0 final ... (ii)
M
Dividing (ii) by (i)
x
3=  2
0
3
0   x
2
24. Answer (1)
PV = nRT
P T

nR V
V nR
and  = constant (K)
T P
VT = KT2
Assuming VT = y and x = T
y = Kx2
Which is equation of a parabola will focus on y-axis > facing upwards.
25. Answer (2)
T = –V 3 + V 2 ... (i)
and PV = nRT ... (ii)
n=1
RT
So, P =
V
R
Multiplying in (i)
V
RT
= (–V 2 + V )R
V
or P = (–V 2 + V )R ... (iii)
dP
= (– 2V + )R
dV
dP d 2P
Maxima is when = 0 and in negative, so
dV dV 2
0 = (–2V + )R

V=
2
Put in value of V in equation (iii)
 2 2  2R
P =   2  R  P =
 4 2  4
26. Answer (1)
Degree of freedom of diatomic nitrogen = 5
Degree of freedom of monoatomic nitrogen = 3
Let initial number of moles be n and  fraction dissociated.
So fraction dissociated = n fraction remaining = n – n.
nbreak into two so new atoms formed is actually 2n.
f 5
Initial energy is given by = n   RT = n   RT
2 2
5 3
Final energy = (n  n ) RT2  2n  RT2
2 2
5 5
= nRT2  nRT2  n3RT2
2 2
5 nRT2
= nRT2 
2 2
(5  2) nRT2
=
2
Change in energy is given on zero.
5 nRT (5   ) nRT2
=
2 2
5T
= T2
5
T = T2 – T
5T 
or T = T = T
5 5
T 
Fractional change in temperature = or 
T 5
27. Answer (2)
Polytropic process
PVn = constant
Given heat capacities is average of CP and CV. So
CP  CV
C=
2
2CV  R
or C =
2
CV  R
or C = ... (i)
2
Now formula for specific heat of polytropic process is given by
R R
C=  ... (ii)
y  1 1 n
R R R R R
or    as CV 
y  1 2 y  1 1 n y 1
R R

2 1 n
or n = –1
28. Answer (2)
Mass = 28 g
Pi = 10 atm Ti = 57°C = 330 K
Pf = 5 atm Tf = 27°C = 300 K
Volume is kept constant.
Pi = K × ni Ti ... (i)
Pf = K × nf Tf ... (ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii)
Pi n T
 i i
Pf nf Tf
ni 10 300

nf = 5 330
ni 10
or 2
nf = 11
ni 20
nf = 11
Now ni = 1 mole of N2
11
nf = moles
20
11
or Mass of N2 left = × 28
20
11
 Quantity released = 28 – × 28
20
9 63
=  28 = g
20 5
29. Answer (1)
3RT
Vr.m.s. =
M
3  8.314  300
1920 =
M
3  8.314  300
M=
1920
M = 0.00202 kg
On molar weight = 2.02 g.
Hence it is hydrogen.
30. Answer (1)
n1 = 1 mole f1 = 3
n2 = 3 moles f2 = 5
R = 8 JK–1 mol–1
Molar specific heat are given by the weighted means of the gases.
n1  Cv1  n2  Cv 2
Cvf =
n1  n2
3 5
1 R  3  R
Cv f = 2 2
4
3 15
= R R
8 8
18
= R
8
Cvf = 18
31. Answer (2)

PV = constant
P1V1 = P2V2 [P1 = P0 atmospheric pressure]
P0 × 40 = P1 × 60 ... (i)
P1 + 20 = P0 ... (ii)
From (i)
2P0
P1 =
3
From (ii)
2P0
+ 20 = P0  P0 = 60 cm of Hg.
3
32. Answer (1)
P
= constant
T
P0 P0 2P0
Initially  
T0 T0 T0
For two containers

P0 P 2P0
 
T0 T T0
2P0  T  T0
P = T (T  T )
0 0
2P0T
or P = (T  T )
0
33. Answer (2)

PV = nRT
PV
or n
RT
At the same pressure volume and temperature each molecule will have same number of moles i.e. same
number of molecules of gas.
34. Answer (4)
Interatomic potential varies with average interatomic distance as R–6 which is a fact.
35. Answer (1)
Critical temperature is given as :
8a
TC =
27Rb
36. Answer (3)
Absolute temperature = T1, T2, T3.
n1RT1 n2RT2 n3 RT3
Internal energy of gases =  
2 2 2
Internal energy of mixture
Average temperature =
R
(n1  n2  n3 )
2
37. Answer (1)
f
Average kinetic energy = RT
2
or K.E.avg  T
For K.E. energy to be doubles that of K.E. at – 68°C or 205 K.
The temperature must be 2 T or 410 K
When converted to °C = 410 – 273 = 137°C
38. Answer (2)
PV = n RT ... (1)
f=4 kg/m3
 v = 0.25 m3
1
8 × 104 × PV ... (2)
4
f
Energy of gas is given by = RT  n
2
5
=  PV [From (1)]
2
5
=  2  104  5  10 4 J
2
39. Answer (3)
50
CP = = 10 cal K–1 mol–1
AT
CP = CV + R
CV = CP = R
CV = 8 cal K–1 mol–1
40. Answer (3)
Neon is a monoatomic gas.
1
So, at 300 K its internal energy is given by fkT
2
3
For one molecule kT
2
41. Answer (2)
Hydrogen is a diatomic molecules and if vibrational degrees of freedom are increased the degrees of freedom
will be 3 translation 2 rotational and two vibrational.
 So total 7 degree of freedom.
Fraction of energy possessed due to rotational motion : Degree of freedom due to rotation total degree of
2
freedom =
7
42. Answer (1)
3 + 6 = 5( + )  2 = 
43. Answer (2)
10
Number of moles of N2 =
28
f
U= nRT
2
5 5
=   R  273
2 14
= 2025 J
44. Answer (3)
Mean free path of a molecule is the resultant of path along three separate axis and they will be equal.
So, =  2x   2y   22
2
where x =  y  2 = (say) a
= a2  a2  a2

or a=
3
45. Answer (1)
f f (f  2)
CV = R CP = CV + R = R R  R
2 2 2
CP
= C
V
(f  2)R  2
= 2f R
2
 = 1
f
2
–1=
f
2
f =
 1
46. Answer (2)
Let there by n moles of gas.
40n
Mass of gas = 40ng or or 0.04n kg
1000
1
K.E. of gas in container = × 0.04 n × (200)2
2
= 0.02 × n × 4 × 104
= 8 × 102 × n J
f
Now heat capacity of gas (C) = nR
2
5
or C = R×n
2
or CT = 8 × 102 × n
5
or × R × n T = 8 × 102 × n
2
8  102 2
T = 
R 5
16 320
T =  102 = °C
5 R
47. Answer (4)
Both He and O2 have 3 translatory degrees of freedom. At the same temperature, energy is divided equally
in all degrees of freedom. Hence ratio of the translatory kinetic energy is one.

Chapter 14
Oscillations
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (1)
y = a0sin (3t)
Amplitude of the particle is a0
Here 0 = 3
2
 3
T
2
T 
3
2. Answer (3)
a = – 2x, v    A2  x 2
In SHM acceleration is maximum at extreme position. Speed is maximum at mean position.
Direction of acceleration and velocity may be in opposite direction.
3. Answer (2)
a = – 2x
Slope of straight line
m = tan(180 – )
m = – tan
 – 2 = – 8
 = 2 2
2
 f  Hz

4. Answer (1)

K  K
4
2 Oscillations Solutions of Assignment
 K = 4K
m
T  2
4k
m

k
5. Answer (4)
A T  2 
Time taken to move from mean position to is where T 
2 12   
d 2y
16  9y  0
dt 2
d 2y 9
 y 0
dt 2 16
3
    rad/s
4
8
T  s
3
T 8
Required time t = 
12 3  12
2
 s
9
6. Answer (1)
kx = 4
k(2 × 10–2) = 4
k = 200 Nm–1
1
 
2
K.Emax   200 10  10 2
2
K.Emax = 1 J
7. Answer (2)
l
T  2
geff
l
T1  2
g
g
2
2 l 2
T1  2  T
3g 3
8. Answer (1)
The least time interval after which particle repeats its motion is called time period.
2
Least time for given combination is

Solutions of Assignment Oscillations 3
9. Answer (4)
If function increases or decreases monotonically with time, function is non-periodic.
1
(1) y = cos3t =
4
3 cos t – cos 3t 
it is periodic but not SHM
 
(2) y  2 sin  t   
 SHM
 4
(3) y = cos 2t, it is SHM

(4) y = aet is non periodic
10. Answer (4)
2 
The angle at time (t )  t .
T 4
The projection on y axis
 2   2 
y (t )  R sin  t    R sin  t 
 T 4   120 4 
 
y  R sin  t  
 60 4
11. Answer (1)
A T
Time taken from x = A to x  is . x = A cost
2 6
A 2
 A cos 3
2 T
1 2
 cos 3
2 T
 2
  3
3 T
 T = 18 s
12. Answer (2)
x = A sin t

x  (10 cm)sin t
2

v max  (10 cm)  rad s–1  5 cm s–1
2
13. Answer (3)
m 3m
T  2  2
 2  2k
3k
 
14. Answer (1)


v  10 sin t
5
x   vdt

–10 cos t  C
x 5

5

x  –50 cos t  C 
5
at t = 0, v = 0, x = – 50 so, C  = 0
 
 x  50cos  t   
5 
15. Answer (1)
md 2 x dx
2
b  kx  0 ...(i)
dt dt
d 2 x dx
2  x 0
dt 2 dt
This is equation of damped oscillation.
SECTION - B
1. Answer (2)
A
at x   U=K
2
then,
A2
v   A2 
2
A
v
2
2. Answer (2)
1
Average energy = k(avg) + U(Avg.) = m2 A2
2
3. Answer (1)
4. Answer (1)
∵ T does not depend on amplitude.
5. Answer (4)
 A
90°

2 2
A   
6. Answer (1)
7. Answer (1)
∵ mg = m2A
A
T  2
g
8. Answer (2)
dU
F   –15 sin 3 x
dx
for small angle sin3x  3x
So
F = –45x
2
then T 
3 5
9. Answer (3)
vmax = A = 2
2
A 2
T
T
A

x 2A  0
v  
t  T 
 2  0
 
4A 4 T
  
T T 
4
v 

10. Answer (4)
amax 2 A

v max A
amax
then  
v max
11. Answer (3)
12. Answer (2)
1
T  2
∵ 1 1
g  
L R 
at L = R
R
T  2
2g
13. Answer (1)
gsin

gsin
gcos
°
L
T  2
g cos 
2L
at  = 60° T  2
g
14. Answer (3)
bt

A  A0 e 2m
15. Answer (1)
m
∵ T  2
k
new keff = 4k
m
so T   2
4k
T
T 
2
16. Answer (3)
17. Answer (4)
18. Answer (1)
vmax = A
2
= 10   5 m/s
4
19. Answer (2)
20. Answer (2)
1
k m( A)2
2
1
  1 10 3  (4  50)2
2
= 20 J
21. Answer (3)
k
v max  A  A
m
200 2
 1 102   0.14 m/s
1 10
22. Answer (4)
A1 4
  2
A2 2 2
23. Answer (4)
2MR 2
T  2
MgR L=R
2R 8R
T  2 
g g
24. Answer (1)

25. Answer (2)
3
MR 2
For disc, T  2 2
MgR
L
For pendulum, T  2
g
3R
then L 
2
26. Answer (3)

a  – 2 r

 a.r  – 2 r .r  – 2 r 2
Hence, always negative.

27. Answer (3)
F = – (x – 1)3
F(x > 1) = Negative
F(x < 1) = Positive
Hence, particle will execute oscillation.
28. Answer (4)
4v2 = 25 – x2
1
v2 = (25 – x 2 )
4
1
 v= 25 – x 2
2
2 2
v=  A –x
 A=5
1
=
2
2 1
=
T 2
 T = 4sec
29. Answer (4)
1
K (on decreasing the length stiffness constant increases)
l
K1 l 2 10
  
K 2 l1 1
 K1 = 10 K2
1 1 1
 
K K1 K 2
1 1 10 11
  
K K1 K1 K1
 K1 = 11K
30. Answer (4)
U = (x – 2)2 – 10
Umin = – 10
T.E = 26 J
 K.Emax = T.E. – Umin = 26 – (– 10) = 36 J
1 2
mv max = 36
2
1 2
 2  v max = 36
2
vmax = 6 m/s
31. Answer (1)
mg = K xmax
mg = KA
mg
 A=
K
32. Answer (3)
 l1 
K of longer part =  1  l  K
 2
 2x  5
= 1  K  3 K
 3x 
m 3m
 T = 2 = 2
K 5K
33. Answer (4)
x2
y=
a
dy 2x
=
dx a 

2x
tan =
a 
F = – mg sin mg
2x
F = –mg ×
a
2mg
F=– x
a
2mg a
K=  T = 2
a 2g
34. Answer (3)

35. Answer (3)
Reduced mass
mm m
 
mm 2
k  2k 2k
ke  
k  2k 3
 3m
 T  2 k  2 4k
e
36. Answer (4)
M 5T M m
T  2  2
K 3 K
M  m 25

M 9
m 16
 
M 9
37. Answer (4)
v =  A2  y 2
v2
a = –2y
a2 = 4y2
v2 = 2A2 – 2y2 2
a
2 2 a2
v2 =  A 
2
1
v2 = a2  2 A2
2
38. Answer (2)
1 1 2 2E1
E1 = m2 y12  E1  Ky1  y1 
2 2 K
1 2E2
E2 = m2 y 22 similarly y2 =
2 K
1
K x  y 
2
E=
2
2
1  2E1 2E2 
E = K   
2  K K 
1 2 E1 1 2 E2
E  K  K  E1  E2
2 K 2 K
39. Answer (3)
y = Kt2
d 2y
a= = 2K = 2×1 = 2 m/s2
dt 2
l l
T1  2 T2  2
g g 2
T12 g 2 6
  
T22 g 5
40. Answer (2)
m m
t1  2 t 2  2
K1 K2
K1K 2
K
K1  K 2
m m  K1  K 2 
T  2  2
K K1K 2
4 2 m 4 2 m
 K1  , K2 
t12 t22
 KK 
 T 2  1 2   4 2 m
 K1  K 2 
 4 2 m 4 2 m 
 2  2 
t t2 
T 2  12 2
 4 2 m
4 m 4 m
 2
t12 t2
T 2  t12  t22
SECTION - C
1. Answer (1)
A
A O
In one time period, total distance travelled by the particle is 4A.

2. Answer (1)
For the surface of earth, time taken in falling h distance.
2h
t
g
l
and T  2
g
Given t = 2T
t
2
T
For the surface of other planet
g
g 
2
Time taken in falling h distance
2h
t   2t
g
l
and T   2  2T
g
t 2t
Here  2
T 2T
t   2T 
3. Answer (2)
B
A2  B 2
y = A0 + Asint + Bsint
Equate SHM
y = y – A0 = Asint + Bcost
Resultant amplitude
R  A2  B 2  2AB cos 90
 A2  B 2
4. Answer (4)
In one complete vibration, displacement is zero. So, average velocity in one complete vibration
Displacement y f  y i
  0
Time interval T
5. Answer (4)
At t = 0, y displacement is maximum, so equation will be a cosine function.
y
Pt=0
T=4s
T=4s
2 2 
   rad/s
T 4 2
y = a cost

y  3 cos t
2
6. Answer (2)
|a| = 2y
 20 = 2(5)
  = 2 rad/s
2 2
T   s
 2
7. Answer (3)
v   A2 – x 2
a = x2
v a
 A2 – x 2  x 2
 2 
(3)2 – (2)2  2  
T 
4
5
T
4
T 
5
8. Answer (4)
m
T1  3  2
K
m 1
Then, T2 = 5 = 2
K
3 m
Dividing, 
5 m 1
9 m

25 m 1
9m + 9 = 25m
16m = 9
9
m=
16
9. Answer (1)
We know acceleration
a = 2X
So,  = 2A ...(i)
And, v = X
So,  = A ...(ii)
(i) × (ii)
 2

 T
2
T

10. Answer (3)
We know,
V   A2  y 2
So, V2 = 2A2 – 2y2
If position is x1 and velocity is V1, then
V12  2 A2  2 x12 ...(i)
For position x2 and velocity is V2
V22  2 A2  2 x22 ...(ii)
(i) – (ii)
So, V12  V22  2  x22  x12 

 
V12  V22
2 
x22  x12
V12  V22 2
 
x22  x12 T
x22  x12
T  2
V12  V22
11. Answer (4)

Angle between a and b can be given 90º, so their resultant is b
R  a2  b2
Frequency of y1 and y2 are similar so motion of particle is S.H.M. a
12. Answer (3)

a
X = Acost
dx O t
v   A sin t
dt
d 2x
a   A 2 cos t
dt 2
13. Answer (4)
Only (A) and (C) are of the form
x = A sin (t + )
Hence they are the only ones which represents an S.H.M.
14. Answer (4)
v1 = A cos t ... (i)
v2 = A cos t +  ... (ii)
According to equation v1 = – v2 when
A
x=
2
A
= A sin t
2
 A
t = when x =
6 2
cos t = – cos(t + ) equating (i) and (ii)
3 
cos1  
2 6
5 
 
6 6
2
=
3
15. Answer (1)
x = a sin2 t
a(1  cos 2t )
x=
2
2x – a = – cos 2t
or cos 2t = a – 2x
2 
The period of this function is T = 
2 
1 
Hence frequency = 
T 
16. Answer (4)
T 2M
T m   T   2T
T M
17. Answer (3)
v = A cos t
A
x=
2
A
 = A sin t
2

= t
6

v = Acos
6
3 2 3  3
v = A = = A
2 T 2 T
18. Answer (1)

According to equation of S.H.M.
a = –2x.
The only option of the same form is the third one k0.
Acceleration = – k(x + a)
Hence answer is (1)
19. Answer (3)
Maximum acceleration occurs at the extreme points of an S.H.M.. motion.
a = –2x
At x = A a = –2A
a1 = (100)2 A
a2 = (1000)2 A
a1 1
=
a2 100
a1 : a2 = 1 : 102
20. Answer (1)
Maximum velocity = a

v = a cos t +
6
a
Let time where v =
2
a 
Let  a cos t 
2 6
 
 t 
3 6

or t 
6
2   2 
T
=
6  = T 
T
t=
12
21. Answer (1)
When it disconnects from plates acceleration is maximum for minimum amplitude. Acceleration is maximum
at the extremities.
When block leaves from a = g
g = –2x
g = –2a
k
g= – a
m
m
–g =a
k
10 × 2
|a|=
200
a = 10 cm
22. Answer (2)
v = A cos( + )
a = –A2 sin (t + )
 
Now a = +A2 cos  t    
 2
  
Hence A =  t      (t  ) 
 2 2
23. Answer (1)
Let kinetic energy at 4 point be K = K0cos2t
At maximum value of K cos2t = 1 and K = K0
Maximum value of K.E. = Maximum value of P.E. = Total mechanical energy as mechanical energy is
converted in S.H.M.
24. Answer (4)
x = a sin t
a
= a sin t
2

 t =
6
 1  T
t=   
6  6 2
T
t=
12
25. Answer (2)
26. Answer (4)
27. Answer (4)
A = 5 cm
Maximum speed (A) = 31.4
31.4
=
5
or 2f = 31.4
31.4
f=
10  3.14
f = 1 Hz
28. Answer (2)

A wave on a string is an example of simple harmonic motion as the displacement of particles in the motion
may be described by
x = A sin t
29. Answer (4)
Force acts along – kx according to theory of S.H.M..
30. Answer (4)
Acceleration (a) is zero at the mean position where velocity is maximum.
31. Answer (2)
Particle of mass m is released in a parabolic path. It will perform S.H.M. just like a pendulum.'
The particle is released from amplitude.
Option (2) represents graph of an S.H.M. starting from amplitude position.
32. Answer (2)
 A
K.E. of half of amplitude =  x  
 2
1 1  2
K.E. of k ( A2  x 2 )  k  A2  A 
2 2  4 
1  3 A2 
k
2  4 
K.E. =
1  3 A2 
k
K .E. 2  4  3
Fraction of the total energy is kinetic energy =  
T .E. 1 2 4
kA
2
33. Answer (1)
At maximum potential energy all mechanical energy is stored as potential energy.
Hence maximum P.E. = Total mechanical energy
= 160 J
34. Answer (3)
Maximum P.E. is at extremities and maximum K.E. is at mean position.
Hence the difference in between the two position is ± a.
35. Answer (1)
In S.H.M. potential energy is minimum at mean position and maximum at the extremities. Also graph will be
parabolic as
1 2
U= kx
2
Hence answer is (1).
36. Answer (3)
1 2
E= kA [where E is total energy]
2
A
When x =
2
1 2 1 kA2 kA2
Ex = kx  
2 2 4 8
E
or Ex =
4
37. Answer (1)
l
T = 2
g
If length is increased by 2%
l 102
T2 = 2 
g 100
l
or T2 = 2 (1  0.02)
g
l
or T2 = 2  1.01 [By binomial theorem]
g
T
or T2 = T +
100
 T2 is 1% more than T.
38. Answer (1)

l1 = 5 m l2 = 20 m
5 20
T1 = 2 T2 = 2
g g
T1 1

T2 2
2T1 = T2
Hence they will be in phase again when shorter one has completed 2 oscillation.
39. Answer (1)

Mass MA and MB
Length lA and lB
If fA = 2fB
2
TB = 2TA [as f = given]
T
lA l
2  4 B
g g
lA
= 4lB
g
lA
or lB = which does not depend on mass.
4
40. Answer (1)
k
 = 2n =
m
1
= n
m
n
When m becomes 4 m hence n is halved
2
41. Answer (2)
m
t1 = 2
k1
m
t2 = 2
k2
The springs in parallel have keq = k1 + k2
m
t0 = 2
k1  k2
m t12 t22
t0 = 2 =
2m  m
t12  t22
4  2 2
 t1 t2 
1 t12  t 22
=
t02 t12  t22
1 1 1
= 
t02 t 22 t12
42. Answer (3)
m
T = 2
k
The k of spring becomes 4 k when cut.
m T
T = 2 or T =
4k 2
43. Answer (4)

A = A0e–bt
A0
When t = 200 T A=
3
A0
= A0e–b×100 T
3
1
e–100bT =
3
A = A0(e–b×200 T)
A = A0(e–b×100 T)2
2
 1 A0
A = A0   =
3 9
44. Answer (1)

When restoring force is very small there is very little dissipation of energy and the driving force can deliver
maximum amplitude.
45. Answer (3)
Let x be x = a sin t
and y be y = a sin (t + ) or y = a cos t
If they are perpendicular x2 + y2 = a2 which is the equation of circle.
46. Answer (2)
x = a cos (t + )
y = a cos (t + ) ... (i)

=+
2
a – a sin (t + ) ... (ii)
Squaring both (i) and (ii) it is of the form.
x2 + y2 = a2
Hence it represents a circle.
47. Answer (3)
F = kv
F
k =
v
[k] = [F] [v]–1
[k] = [kg ms–2 m–1s]
[k] = kg s–1
48. Answer (3)
T1 = 4 s
T2 = 3 s
The resultant wave will have a time period equal to LCM of the two waves.
LCM of 4 and 3 is 12
Hence T = 12 s
SECTION - D
1. Answer (4)
P = 2 2f 2A2v
P  f 2A2
2. Answer (2)
kx
f = m2a = m2 (m  m ) (∵ a = 2x)
1 2
3. Answer (4)
I
T  2
mgd
4. Answer (1)
dU
f= 
dx
f = –U0sinx
f = – 2U0x
2U0

m
m
T  2
 2U0
5. Answer (1)
6. Answer (4)
x = a + b cost
 (x – a) = b cost
7. Answer (1)
For A to be very large, b2 – 4ac = 0
8. Answer (2)
9. Answer (2)
10. Answer (1)
Resultant amplitude
A= C12  C22  2C1C2 cos90
11. Answer (2)

p = mv
b = ma
12. Answer (3)
13. Answer (1)
14. Answer (4)
15. Answer (3)
mg = k
m  
   T  2
k g g
16. Answer (2)

17. Answer (3)
m1m2
 = reduced mass =
m1  m2
18. Answer (3)
1 R
T  2  2
 1 1  2g
g  
R R 
19. Answer (2)
l 5l
T  2  2
g 4g
g
5
20. Answer (3)
I ML2 2L
T  2  2  2
Mgd 3MgL / 2 3g
21. Answer (2)
m 1
T  2  k
k T2
1 1 1
Now, k  k  k
1 2
 T 2  T12  T22
 T  T12  T22
22. Answer (1)
1 3
K.E.  m2 ( A2  x 2 )  m2 A2
2 8
T.E.  1 m2 A2
2
23. Answer (3)

(2f)2A = g  f = 5 Hz
24. Answer (2)
1
T
g
25. Answer (2)
R
T  2  84.6 minute
g
26. Answer (4)
T L
27. Answer (4)
n 1.44
  n  12
n 1 1.69
28. Answer (2)
29. Answer (2)
30. Answer (1)
The motion repeats itself after same intervals hence it is periodic. Put since acceleration is not proportional
to – x, the motion is periodic but not simple harmonic.
31. Answer (1)
m = 1 × 10–20 kg T = 1 × 10–5 kg
Maximum speed = A = 1 × 103 m/s ... (i)
2
= = 2 × 105 rad/s
T
Putting value of  in (i)
A × 2 × 105 = 1 × 103
1
A= = 1.59 mm
2  102
32. Answer (4)

At t = 0 the distance from one extreme is 2A
At t =  x=0
Hence by resulting values we can get equation for S.H.M.. from S.H.M..
33. Answer (2)
x = 5 cos (2t +/4)
3
t = s
2
x = 5 cos (3 +/4)
 13 
x = 5 cos  
 4 
 5
x = – 5 cos =–
4 2
Acceleration
a = – 2x
5
a = – 42x –
2
a 139.56 m/s2
34. Answer (3)
2 
T=8s = 
8 4
 A
x1 = A sin 
4 2
  A A
x2 = A sin × 2 – A sin =A– = ( 2  1)
4 4 2 2
x1 1 2 1
=   2 1
x2 2 1 2 1
35. Answer (4)
Time period is 12 s from diagram.
2 
= 
12 6
Amplitude A = 4
Initial phase is determined by putting known values in the equation.
 
2 = 4 sin t   
6 
1
sin1 =  [t = 0]
2

=
6
 
Hence equation is x = 4sin t  
6 6
36. Answer (2)
Phase at mean position = 0
Phase at mid point
A
= A sin 
2

=
6
Time it takes to travel a phase difference of 
2 
t= 
 2

or t =


or t =
6
Total distance
Average speed =
Time taken
A/2 3 A
= =
 / 6 
37. Answer (2)
v2 + ax2 = b
v2 = b – ax2
b 
v2 = a   x 2 
a 
Comparing it to equation
v2 = 2 (A2 – x2)
= a
 a
f= 
2 2
38. Answer (4)
 
x = 10 cos 2t  
 2
1
At t = s
6
 
x = 10 cos   
2 3 

x = –10 sin
3
x = 5 3
v =  A2  x 2
v = 2 100  75
v = 10 
or v = 31.4 cm/s
39. Answer (1)
x1 = A sin (t + 1)
x2 = A sin (t + 2)
x1 – x2 = A sin (t + 1) – A sin (t + 2)
       2 
20 = 2 × 20 sin  1 2   cos t   1 
 2    2 
1    2    1  2      
 sin 1   cos  t     for maximum value.  1 2   1  2 
2  2    2  2 6 3
40. Answer (3)
A = 2 cm = 2 × 10–2
a = –2x
2 2
and v =  A  x
4
2 × 1 × 10–2 =  (4  1)10
 × 1 × 10–2 = 3 × 10–2
= 3
2 2
T= 
 3
41. Answer (1)
k
1 =
m
k
2 =
m2
1 m2
2 = m
2
Since  =
T
T2 m2
=
T1 m
2
5 = m  2
 
4 m
25 m  2
=
16 m
25 m = 16 m + 32
9 m = 32
5
m= 3 kg
9
m 3.5 kg
42. Answer (4)
Maximum restoring force on particle
F = 80 N
x = – 0.2
Since F = – kx
80 = k × 0.2
400 = k
m 0.01
T = 2 = 2 kg
k 400
1 1
= 2 = 2
40000 2  102
1
=  0.03 s
2  102
43. Answer (3)
U(x) =  + 2x2
dU ( x )
F=–
dx
F = – 4x
m
T = 2
k
m
T = 2 cos [k = ]
4
m
T= 

44. Answer (1)
2 
T=4s =  rad/s
T 2
x = A sin t v = A cos t
1 1
K.E. = mv2 mA22 cos2t ... (i)
2 2
1 2 1 2
P.E. = kx kA sin2t ... (ii)
2 2
k
=
m
or k = m2 putting this value in (ii).
1
K.E. – P.E. = m2A2 (cos2t – sin2t)
2
K.E. – P.E. = Emax. (cos 2t)
Hence time period of difference of K.E. and P.E. is
2
T=
2
or T = 2 s
45. Answer (1)
1 2 1
Potential energy = kx = A22sin2(t +)
2 2
The graph for sin2(t +) is given by (1).
46. Answer (1)
Energy = 90 J Amplitude = 6 cm
1
Maximum energy = mA22 = 90
2
180
or m2 =
36  10 4
 m2 = 5 × 104
When particle is stopped the point where it is stopped is the new amplitude but angular velocity will remain
same.
1
E= mA222
2
A2 = 4 × 10–2
1
E  5  104  (4  10 2 )2  40 J
2
47. Answer (3)
1 2
U= kx
2
2U
x2 =
k
1
or x (Since U is constant)
k
m
Also T = 2
k
1
or T
k
Therefore x  T
Hence the oscillation with maximum x will have the maximum time period.
48. Answer (1)
T=8s
T
Maximum value of potential energy is reached two times per oscillation which is time away from mean
4
position which has minimum value at position.
49. Answer (2)
1
mA22 = 90 J
2
m and  remaining same energy is reduced to 40 J.
A12 9

A22 4
A1 3
or 
A2 2
or A2 = 4 cm
50. Answer (4)
k = 6 × 105 N/m
Amplitude = 4 cm = 4 × 10–2 m
1 2 1
kx = × 6 × 105 × (4 × 10–2)2
2 2
or E = 480 J
Since energy of S.H.M. is 480 J and there is 600 J provided to the oscillation there must be 600 – 120 = 480 J
stored as energy.
51. Answer (2)
Energy = E0

After a phase shift of
3

E = E0 cos2
3
P 2 E0 3

2m 4
3 mE
P=
2
52. Answer (2)
Maximum acceleration of the system (amax) = –2A
For a block to escape the board the acceleration must be equal to 9 at the top-most point.
g = 2A
g
=
A
2 A
Time period = =
 g
53. Answer (4)
l
T = 2
g
When the rocket is moving up with acceleration Pseudo force is acting downwards increasing effective
gravitational acceleration (g).
54. Answer (4)
l = kT2
l
T = 2
g
1 g
f=
2 l
or f2 =
This is the equation of hyperbola between f2 and l.

55. Answer (3)
Chapter 12
Thermodynamics
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (1)
T1 = T2, Hence T = 0  U = 0
3. Answer (2)
Work done = area under P-V curve
W    2P0  2V0   4P0V0
4. Answer (4)
T
  1 2
T1
1 T
  1 2
4 T1
T2
and  2  1  T
1
3 5
   1 
2 8 8
5. Answer (2)
1st process is isothermal expansion
PV = P2(3V)
P
 P2 
3
2nd process is adiabatic compression
P2V2  P3V3
P
 3V   P3V 
3
2
 P3  3 1P  3 3 P
102 Thermodynamics Solutions of Assignment
6. Answer (1)
Wnet = Qnet = [Cyclic process]
Wnet = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
= 450 J
Qinput = 1450 J
450
(%)   100  31
1450
7. Answer (4)
Qext
K
W
300
6
W
W = 50 J/cycle
Qout = 300 + 50
= 350 J/cycle
8. Answer (3)
T2
  1
T1
1 T
 1 2
5 T1
T2 4

T1 5
In second case
2 T  80 
 1 2
5 T1
3 T2  80

5 T1
3 T2 80
 
5 T1 T1
80 4 3 1
  
T1 5 5 5
T1 = 400 K
T1 = 400 – 273
= 127°C
9. Answer (4)
In adiabatic process, Q = 0
In adiabatic process
nR
W 
1 
T2  T1
W = – U
Solutions of Assignment Thermodynamics 103
10. Answer (2)
Slope of adiabatic curve is steepest.
11. Answer (4)

dQ = dU + dW
In isobaric process
dQ = nCpdT ...(i)
dU = nCVdT ...(ii)
dW = n(Cp – CV)dT ...(iii)
dQ : dU : dW = CP : CV : (CP – CV)
7 5
 R : R :R
2 2
=7:5:2
12. Answer (3)
Coefficient of performance
Q2 T2
 
W2 T1  T2
273  2 275
 
 27  2  25
= 11
13. Answer (1)
(1) From A to B
V = constant
(2) From B to C
T = constant
P = decreasing,
(3) From C to A
P = constant
and T = decreasing
 V = decreasing, so isobaric compression.
14. Answer (3)

Temperature determines the direction of flow of heat when two bodies are placed in thermal contact.
15. Answer (4)
P1V1 = P2V2 [T = constant]
1
P
V
SECTION - B
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (4)
dU = 0
 dQ = dW
Hence isothermal.
3. Answer (4)
P
= constant
dx
4. Answer (3)
nR T pV 3PV
U   
 1  1  1
5. Answer (3)
6. Answer (1)
 T  300
max   1  2   1  = 70%
 T1  1000
7. Answer (2)
8. Answer (4)
P


K= V
V
9. Answer (2)
Q = Uf – Ui + W
20 = Uf – 60 + 25
 Uf = 55 J
10. Answer (3)

100 – 80 = Q – 60
 Q = 80 J
11. Answer (4)
12. Answer (4)
Q1 T1

Q2 T2
600 900
  Q2 = 200 J
Q2 300
13. Answer (2)
V2
Q = nRT ln V = 2.303  2  2  300  log 4
1
= 1663 cal
14. Answer (4)
nCP 2T x

nCV T 900
 x = 3000 J
15. Answer (1)
16. Answer (3)
dU = 45P0V0 ; dW = 12P0V0
 dQ = 57P0V0 ;
17. Answer (3)
8R 5R
CV  R 
3 3
CP 8
    1.6
CV 5
18. Answer (4)
19. Answer (4)

W = nRT
= 4R × 3 = 12R
20. Answer (2)
U 1 3
 
W  5
3
U   80  48J
5
21. Answer (3)

22. Answer (1)
23. Answer (3)

Polytropic process PV–1 = constant (N = –1)
R
C  Cv 
1 N
24. Answer (1)
Q2

w
200
W   50J / cycle
4
Q1 = W + Q2 = 250 J
25. Answer (4)
26. Answer (4)

Work done in isochoric process is zero.
27. Answer (2)

Process is isobaric.
C = CP = CV + R
3
= RR
2
5
CP  R
2
28. Answer (4)
29. Answer (3)
30. Answer (3)
1
U  Q

5
U   21
7
5
U   21  15 J
7
31. Answer (4)
T  P 1–   constant
T  P 1  constant
32. Answer (3)
T1V1 1  T2V21
1
V 
T2  T1  1   300[4]1.5 1  600 K
 V2 
33. Answer (4)
TV 1  constant
T  V1 – 
3
1–= 
4
3 7
  1 
4 4
34. Answer (2)
35. Answer (2)

300
0.40 = 1 
T
300
 0.6
T
3000
T   500 K
6
T = 500 – 273 = 227ºC
36. Answer (4)
Cp = 3R
Cv = 2R
3
  1.5
2
SECTION - C
1. Answer (3)
Q = 2256 × 1 = 2256 J
W = P[Vsteam – Vwater]
= 1 × 105[1671 – 1] × 10–6
= 1670 × 105 × 10–6
= 167 J
By first law of thermodynamics:
As Q = U + W
2256 = U + 167
U = 2089 J
2. Answer (2)
In adiabatic process, there is no exchange of heat.
3. Answer (2)
Q = U + W
 54 × 4.18 = U + 1.013 × 105(167.1 × 10–6 – 0)
 U = 208.7 J
4. Answer (1)
Given process is isobaric, dQ  nCp dT
5 
dQ  n  R  dT
2 
dW  PdV  nRdT
dW nRdT 2
Required ratio   
dQ 5  5
n  R  dT
2 
5. Answer (1)
 T 
Efficiency of ideal heat engine,    1  2 
 T1 
T2 : Sink temperature
T1 : Source temperature
 T   273 
%   1  2   100   1    100
 T1   373 
 100 
   100  26.8%
 373 
6. Answer (2)
1 9
1  1
 10  10
 =
 1 1
10 10
 =9
Q2
 =
W
Q2 = 9 × 10 = 90 J
7. Answer (2)
Process, I = Isochoric
II = Adiabatic
III = Isothermal
IV = Isobaric
8. Answer (4)
PV 3 = constant polytropic process with n = 3
R
C = Cv 
1 n
R R R R
=  = 5   R
r  1 1 n 1 3
1
3
9. Answer (2)
Q2 1
K  
W t1
1
t2
t2W
Q2 
t1  t2
t2W
Q1  Q2  W  W
t1  t2
t1W t1  273
= t t  t t
1 2 1 2
10. Answer (4)

T2 = 4°C = 277 K
T1 = 303 K
Q2 = 600 cal
Q1 T1

Q2 T2
Q2  W T1
 
Q2 T2
W = 236.5 W
11. Answer (3)
Adiabatic
Isothermal
v v V
2
12. Answer (2)

13. Answer (2)
14. Answer (3)
U = nCVT
P (kPa)
 R  A
 n  (T2  T1 ) 5
   1
2 B
n[RT2  RT1 ]

 1
0 4 6 3
V (m )
n(P2V2  PV
1 1)

 1
1(2  6  103  5  4  103 )


7 / 5 1
 8  103
  20  103
2/5
= –20 kJ
15. Answer (4)
1 Q
∵  1 2
 W
1 Q
1 2
(1/ 10) 10
Q2
(10  1) 
10
Q2 = 90 J
16. Answer (4)
In process ABC
∵ Q = U + W
So, U = Q – W
U = (400 + 100) – (6 × 104 × 2 × 10–3)
U = 500 – 120
U = 380 J
In process AC
Q = U + W
1 
 380    (2  104  6  104 )  2  103 
2 
= 380 + 80
= 460 J
17. Answer (3)
In isothermal process
P1V1 = P2V2
PV = P2(2V)
P
P2  ...(1)
2
In adiabatic process
 
P2V2 = P3V3
P   
  (2V )  P3 (16V )
2
 5/3
P  2v  P  1 P
P3       
2  16V  2 8 64
18. Answer (4)

W = area enclosed by AODA + by area enclosed OBCO P
C B
1   1  3 P0
   (2V0  V0 )  P0     (2V0  V0 )P0 
2   2  2 P0 O
 AODA is a clockwise P0 D
=0  A
 while DBCO is anticlockwise
V0 2V0 V
19. Answer (1)
∵ Cyclic curve is clockwise i.e., W = +ve
W = area enclosed
1
  5  103  4  105
2
= 1000 J
20. Answer (1)
Cp

Cv
We know Cp – Cv = R
R
So Cv 
 1
21. Answer (3)

P  T3
PT–3 = constant
  
 
Compare with PT  1   constant
 3
Then,  3   
1  2
22. Answer (2)
∵ PV = RT
∵ Slope of V -T graph 
V R  
  tan   V 
T P  m  tan   
T
1
i.e., P 
tan 
2 > 1 so tan2 > tan1  P2 < P1 , then P2 < P1
40. Answer (1)

AB is isothermal expansion. BC is adiabatic expansion
CD is isothermal compression
A = adiabatic compression.
41. Answer (1)
1

1 
1
0.5    = 1
1 
42. Answer (1)
T2 W
1 
T1 Q1
300 W
1 
500 Q1
W 2

Q1 5
5W
Q1 
2
∵ W = Q1 – Q2
Then Q2 = Q1 – W
5W 3W
Q2  W 
2 2
2Q2 2  600
Then W   = 400 cal = 400 × 4.2 J = 1680 J
3 3

Chapter 15
Waves
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (3)
If y = f(ax ± bt)
b
then v 
a
9
y 
3  ( x – 10t )2
v = 10 m/s]
2. Answer (3)
Two waves of same frequency & moves in opposite direction.
3. Answer (3)
v = f11 and v = f2 2
v v
f1  and f2 
1 2
 1 1
f1 – f2  v  – 

 1  2 
 f1 – f2 = n
n 1  2
v
 2 – 1
4. Answer (3)
1v 5
fo  ; fc  v
2l1 4l 2
fo = fc
1 5

2l1 4l 2
5
l2  l1
2
l1 = 10 cm; l2 = 25 cm.
34 Waves Solutions of Assignment
5. Answer (3)
Doppler’s effect depends on relative motion.
6. Answer (1)
f0
v
fref.
Reflected frequency
 c v 
fref.  f0  
c – v 
7. Answer (4)
L = 2.45 m
g = 9.8 m/s2
L
T 2  1s
g
8. Answer (1)
3
f3  v v = 48 m/s
2l
f3 = 48 Hz l = 1.5 m
v
 1 m
f
9. Answer (1)
y  A sin(t  kx )
 = 50; k = 5

v  10 m/s
k
v pmax = A = 10 × 50 = 500 m/s
v pmax
 50
v
10. Answer (3)
P
v air 
air
P
v H2 
H 2
v H2  4 v air  4  332  1328 m/s

11. Answer (4)
3  5
Path difference x  – 
4 8 8
Solutions of Assignment Waves 35
2  5
  
 8
5
 
4
12. Answer (1)
2A
A 60°
60°
2A
Anet = 2A – A = A
13. Answer (2)
Phase difference between incident and reflected wave is  when reflected from rigid boundary.
14. Answer (2)
fB – fA = 2
1 1
fA  fB 
30 25
fA 25
 
fB 30
On solving
 fA = 10 Hz; fB = 12 Hz
15. Answer (4)
In a string fixed at both ends, all harmonics are present. So, difference of two consecutive frequency is equal
to fundamental frequency.
f0 = 30 Hz
2f0 = 60 Hz = 2nd harmonic = 1st overtone
3f0 = 90 Hz = 3rd harmonic = 2nd overtone
4f0 = 120 Hz = 4th harmonic = 3rd overtone
SECTION - B
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (1)
Density of moist air is less than density of dry air.
4. Answer (2)
E E
l  A2 , l  
At 4r 2t
1
A
r
5. Answer (1)

(vp)max = a, vw 
k
6. Answer (4)
 T
7. Answer (2)
∵ 1
T 
n
8. Answer (2)
A
A

A

A  A2  A2  2 A2 cos   2 A cos
2
9. Answer (2)
1 T
∵ n
2L 
1
n L  T   2
 
n L   T 
1
 121 2
 T 
n L
   100 
n  80L   T 
 100   
 
n  11

n 8
n n   n
%   100  37.5%
n n
10. Answer (1)
n – n1P = 5, n1P = n – 5
n2P = n – 5
11. Answer (2)
12. Answer (1)
200 Hz and 201 Hz  produce 1 beat
201 Hz and 202 Hz  produce 1 beat
So number of beat formed are 2
13. Answer (4)
2x 2t
y  2a sin  cos , 2a = 5, a = 2.5 cm
 T
14. Answer (2)

∵ L1  e 
4
3
and L2  e 
4
then L2 = 2e + 3L1
= 2e + 3 × 25
L2 = 2e + 75
15. Answer (1)
The reflected wave must travel in opposite direction with phase change of 
16. Answer (1)
v
na 
2L  2
3v 3
nb 
4L
17. Answer (4)
There is no change is wave length due to motion of observer
18. Answer (3)
2fv s 2  360  5.5

f    12 Hz , Neglect v s2
v 330
19. Answer (3)

20. Answer (4)
v max A
  Ak
v ( / k )
21. Answer (1)

∵  = 4t – x = constant
d dx
 4 0
dt dt
v = 4 m/s
22. Answer (3)
 dy 
up  v   
 dx 
23. Answer (3)
I 
L  10log10   dB
 I0 
I
108 
I0
I = 108 × 10–12
I = 10–4 W/m2
24. Answer (4)
T
v

2
 
2
2   3
 20 
T  v       20  10     18 N
k  2 
 
 3 
25. Answer (2)
150 : 225 : 300 = 2 : 3 : 4
i.e. n1 = 75 Hz
n10th = 10n1 = 750 Hz
26. Answer (3)
x = n1 – n2
v 1 1 
x   
2  L1 L2 
 LL 
v  2x  1 2 
 L2  L1 
27. Answer (4)
1
∵ n
L
x 2x 3x
n1  , n2  , n3 
6 6 6
1 1 1 6 6 6
L1 : L2 : L3  : :  : :  6:3:2
n1 n2 n3 x 2x 3 x
28. Answer (1)
 v 
∵ 2n0  3   ∵ LC = Length of closed organ pipe
 4LC 
3v
LC 
8n0
29. Answer (2)
L2  3L1
e
2
30. Answer (1)
(Apparent frequency is independent of distance and time)
31. Answer (4)
f = 50 Hz, v = 300 m/s
x = 0, y = (5 × 10–5) sin(100t)
 2f
K= =
v v
2  50 
 K= =
300 3
32. Answer (2)
y = y1 + y2 = 3[sin 2(x + 10t) + sin 2(x – 10t)]
= 3 × 2 sin 2x cos 20t
at nodes y = 0
1
sin 2x = 0  x2 – x1 = m
2
2(x2 – x1) =  = 50 cm
33. Answer (3)
The other wave must be travelling in opposite direction with phase difference of .
34. Answer (1)
I 
L = 10 ln  l  is logarithm curve
 0
35. Answer (2)
1 F 1 10g
f  =
2l  2  1 9.8  10 –3
= 50 Hz
36. Answer (3)
n
l
2
2l
 
n
37. Answer (3)
RT0
v0 =
M
RT1
2v0 =
M
 T1 = 4T0 = 4 × 273 = 1092 K.
38. Answer (2)
360 18
= = m
500 25

x = 
2

18 3
=  = 0.12 m
25 2
39. Answer (1)
 v   v 
nmin  n   , nmax  n  v  v 
 v  v s  s
40. Answer (3)
v1 2 4 2
 
v2 1 = 1 1
41. Answer (3)

Six frequencies below 1000 Hz
in multiple of 150 Hz are
150 Hz, 300 Hz, 450 Hz, 600 Hz
750 Hz and 900 Hz.
Hence the missing frequencies are
150 Hz and 450 Hz
42. Answer (4)
y = cos 2t sin 2x
 = 2, k = 2
2
 2

 = 1m

l=  0.5m
2
5
So the length of string will be integral multiple of 0.5 i.e. 1 m, m, 5 m
2
43. Answer (2)
Imax  A1  A2 
2

 A1  A2 
2
Imin
225
=
25
9
=
1
44. Answer (3)
 R = 32  42  5mm
45. Answer (4)
In closed pipe nodes = antinodes
 It corresponds to ninth harmonic
SECTION - C
1. Answer (4)
l1 = 9.75 cm
l2 = 31.25 cm
l3 = 52.75 cm
e = end correction

 e  9.75 cm ... (1)
4
3
 e  31.25 cm ... (2)
4
3 
  31.25  9.75
4 4

 21.5
2
  43 cm
v=×f
v = 43 × 800
v = 34400 × 10–2
v  344 m/s
2. Answer (2)
v = 2 () [L2 – L1]
= 2 × 320 [73 – 20] × 10–2
= 339.2 m s–1
= 339 m/s
3. Answer (1)
3v
For closed organ pipe, third harmonic 
4l
v
For open organ pipe, fundamental frequency 
2l 
Given,
3v v

4l 2l 
4l 2l
 l  
32 3
2  20
  13.33 cm
3
4. Answer (4)
v  vo 
fA  f  
 v  vs 
 340  16.5 
 400  
 340  22 
fA = 448 Hz
5. Answer (2)
Two successive frequencies of closed pipe
nv
 220 ...(i)
4l
 n  2 v  260 ...(ii)
4l
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get
n  2 260 13
 
n 220 11
11n + 22 = 13n
n = 11
v
So, 11  220
4l
v
 20
4l
So fundamental frequency is 20 Hz.
6. Answer (2)
3V 3V

2L1 4L L1 = 2L
7. Answer (4)
(n – 1) and (n + 1) suppose to form frequency n
n and n will be at resonance
n – 1 and n  produce 1 beat
n + 1 and n  produce 1 beat
Number of beats formed are ‘2’.
8. Answer (4)
Cliff
Image (source)
15 m/s 15 m/s
 v   330 
f    f   800 = 838 Hz
v v   330  15 
 s 
9. Answer (4)
Lmin = 50
Lmin = 50 cm
So other lengths for resonance are 3Lmin, 5Lmin, 7Lmin, etc.
 150 cm, 250 cm, 350 cm, etc.
10. Answer (3)
v  T 
  v  
f   
2 v2

1 v 1
m1,L
T2

T1
m2
(m1  m2 )

m2
11. Answer (1)
(n  1) 420

n 315
n  1 84

n 63
63 n + 63 = 84 n
63 = 21 n
n=3
1
of 315 is fundamental.
3
f = 105
12. Answer (3)

 v  vs
    
 v  v s cos  
 
 330 
= 100   
1
 330  15.4  
 2  = 60º v0 = 0
 330  S O
= 100   
 330  9.7 
33000
=  103 Hz
3  20  3
13. Answer (4)
v
c 
4l c
 v 
c  3   = 2nd overtone
 2l0 
2V v
  6lc = l0
2l0 4l c
6 × 20 = l0
120 = l0
14. Answer (1)
1 T 1 T
n1   l1 
nl1  2n1 
l1 l2 l3
1 T 1 T
l  l1  l 2  l3 n2   l2 
2l 2  2n2 
1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T
   n3   l3 
2n  2n1  2n2  2n3  2l3  2n3 
1 1 1 1
  
n n1 n2 n3
15. Answer (4)
The frequency which is integral multiple of fundamental frequency is called overtones
v 340
Now, n0    100
4l0 4  0.85
Now, combintation of frequencies = 100, 300, 500, 700, 900, 1200

i.e., 6 frequencies.
16. Answer (3)
N 0 = 343
v 0 = 10 m/s v s = 5 m/s
 v  v0   343  10 
N   N0    1392     1412 Hz
 v  vs   343  5 
17. Answer (3)
18. Answer (4)
19. Answer (4)
20. Answer (2)
1 = 600  = 2f1
2 = 608  = 2f2
f1 = 300 Hz
f2 = 304 Hz
 Beats heard will be 304 – 300 = 4 beats/s
Imax ( A1  A2 )2 Imax 81
 or 
Imin ( A1  A2 )2 Imin 1
21. Answer (1)
v
Let original fundamental frequency be =
2l
l = l1 + l2 + l3 ... (i)
 
f1 = 2l or l1 = 2f
1 1
v v v
Similarly, l 2  l3  l
2f2 2f3 2f
Putting values for l, l1, l2, l3 in (i)
v v v v
  
2f 2f1 2f2 2f3
1 1 1 1
  
f f1 f2 f3
22. Answer (2)
23. Answer (3)
24. Answer (2)
Phase difference is simply difference in the argument in sine function.
We can write y2 = a sin [t + kx + /2]
 = t + kx + /2 – (t + kx + 0.57)
= 1.57 – 0.57 = 1 radian
25. Answer (4)
Frequency will remain constant
va = Velocity in air
vb = Velocity in brass
va = 700 × a
vb = 700 × b
350 3500
a = b =
700 700
a = 0.5 m/s b = 50 m
 b = 10 a
26. Answer (3)
Beats = 6 Hz
New frequency of one of the wires = 600 + 6 = 606
v T 1
f=  
2l  2l
2
 606  T  T T
   or = 0.0201 0.02
 600  T T
27. Answer (3)
28. Answer (1)
Tuning fork of frequency = 512 Hz
Frequency of wire = 512 ± 4
Since frequency beats decrease when tension is increased, frequency of tuning fork must be greater than string
initially.
 Frequency of piano = 508 Hz
29. Answer (1)

l1 = 51.6 cm l2 = 49.1 cm T = 20 N
 = 1 g/m = 0.001 kg/m
v 20 1  T
=  v  
2l1 0.001 2  0.516  
 137 Hz
Similarly,
v
= 144 Hz
2l 2
Number of beats = 144 – 137 = 7 Hz]
30. Answer (2)
31. Answer (3)
4
= = 0.8 m
5
Velocity = 128 m/s
2v 2  128
=  = 320  = 1005
 0.8
2
k= = 7.85
0.8
 Equation of the form y = A sin (kx – t) is the first option.
32. Answer (4)
y = 0.25 sin(10 x – 2 t) ... (i)

Frequency (f) = = 1 Hz
2
2 1
Wavelength () =  m
k 5
Equation (i) is the equation of wave travelling in +ve x-direction.
Hence answer is (0.2) option (4)
33. Answer (3)
T = 0.05 s Velocity (v) = 300 m/s
1
 f= = 20 Hz
T
= 2f = 40 

Since velocity =
k
40 
300 =
k
2
k =
15
 = 15 m
Put x = 10 and x = 15 in equation
y = A sin (kx – t)
 2 
= A sin x  40t 
 15 
Time (t) is same.
2
y1 = A sin 10  t 
 15 
y2 = A sin (2 – t)
 4 
 = (2 – t) –   t 
 3 
4
or  = 2 –
3
2
or  =
3
34. Answer (4)
v 330
f1 =  = 5 = 66Hz
1
v 330
f2 =  = 5.5 = 60Hz
2
Beats = f2 – f1 = 6 beats/s
35. Answer (4)

v=
k
4
v=
 /2
v = 8 m/s
36. Answer (1)
Sabini's formula for reverberation time is
0.16V
T = Sa
Where V is volume of hall in m3, S is total surface area of room a is average absorption coefficient of room
surface.
T V s
= 
T s V
T 23
= 2 or T = 2 s
T 2
37. Answer (2)
38. Answer (1)
1
I
r2
k k
IP = IQ =
22 32
IP = IQ = 9 : 4
39. Answer (2)
y1 = 4 sin 500 t and y2 = 2 sin 506 t
1 = 2f1 = 500 
f1 = 250 Hz
Similarly, 2f2 = 506 
f2 = 253 Hz
Beats = f2 – f1 = 3 Hz
3 beats in 1 second then number of beats in 1 minute = 3 × 60 = 180
40. Answer (2)
41. Answer (3)
f = 4.2 × 106 Hz
v = 1700 m/s
v
=
f
1700
= = 0.404 × 10–3
42  105
= 4 × 10–4
42. Answer (1)

Path difference = × Phase difference.
2

 Path difference = m
6
43. Answer (4)
2
y  y 0 sin (vt  x )

dy v 2
= y 0 2 cos (vt  x )
dt  
2v
Maximum particle velocity = y 0

Wave velocity = v
y 0 2v = 2 v

y = 
0
44. Answer (3)

A = 0.2 m Velocity = 360 m/s and  = 60 m
We are looking for a waves of the form y = A sin t – kx
2v 2  360
=   12
 60
2 2
k = =
 60
Correct value of  and k are found in option (3).
45. Answer (1)
 x 
y1 = 106 sin 100t   0.5 
 50 
x 
y2 = 106 cos 100t  
 50 
 x 
y2 = 106 sin 100t   
 50 2 
Phase differences
 x   x 
100t     100t   0.5 
 50 2   50 
3.14 1
= 
2 2
= 1.07 radian
46. Answer (1)
Node is formed at 10 cm
 Wavelength = 2 × 10 = 20 cm
 = 0.2 cm
v = f  = 0.2 × 100 = 20 m/s
47. Answer (3)
Total distance 1.21 Å
1.21 Å
According to description the wave must like above diagram wavelength () = 1.21 Å
48. Answer (3)
v v
f1 =  f2 = 
1 2
f1 – f2 = 12
v v
 = 12
0.5 0.51
Solving for v, we get v = 306 m/s.
49. Answer (1)
Let both have the same frequencies 0.
Let the initial source be s1 and the source is approaching be s2.
v
f0 =

v  v0 1
fs1   f0  (v  v 0 )
v 
v  v0 1
fs2   f0  (v  v 0 )
v 
v0 = u and fs2  fs1  ?
(v  u ) (v  u ) 
     = number of beats.
v  u  v  u 
   = number of beats.
2u
= number of beats.

50. Answer (1)
Sound is a mechanical wave and travels longitudinally in air.
Light being electromagnetic will be all transversely irrespective of the medium.
51. Answer (2)
If the object and source are not approaching each other in any direction there is no change in frequency due
to Doppler effect.
Length = 50 cm
52. Answer (2)
vs = r = 20 × 0.5 = 10 m/s
Observed frequency is minimum when source moves from observer.
v
Apparent frequency =  f0
v  vs
340
=  385
340  10
v + vs
340
=  385
350
= 34 × 11 = 374 Hz
53. Answer (2)
Wavelength of wave does not change due to the Doppler effect.
v  vs 6
Apparent frequency =  f =  f or 12 f
v 5
Wavelength = 
54. Answer (2)
v
Frequency with which sound hits the wall (f1)  f
v  vc
v  vc
Frequency with which man hears the sound again (f2 )   f1
v
v  vc
or f2  f
v  vc
v  vc
or 2f   f or 2 v – 2 vc = v + vc
v  vc
v
vc =
3
55. Answer (2)

y  3 sin (50t  x )
2
Maximum particle velocity = A
or 3 × 25  = 75 
 50
Wave velocity =   50m/s
k 1
75 3
Ratio = 
50 2
SECTION - D
1. Answer (4)
n T
f 
2l m
2. Answer (2)
A  a 2  a 2  2aa cos90º  A  2a
3. Answer (2)
 A A
 y  2   2 sin2t
 
A
y= sin2t
2
4. Answer (1)
5. Answer (2)
1
Pmax.  Pmin.   103
2
2
P = BAK = BA

6. Answer (3)
f2 = f1 ± f
7. Answer (2)
 I1 
dB1 – dB2 = 10log10  
 I2 
8. Answer (1)
v v

4l1 l 2
9. Answer (4)
f = f – f
 v 
f = f 0  
 v  vs 
 v 
f = f0  
 v  vs 
f = f  – f 
f0 2v v s

v 2  v s2
10. Answer (4)

f   f 
 100  %f
f
 v 
f   f0  
 v  vs 
 v 
f   f0  
 v  vs 
11. Answer (1)
12. Answer (4)
13. Answer (4)
 v 0 
f   f0  
 v  v s cos  
 = 60°
14. Answer (1)
v (1  2)
480 
2
 v = 320 m/s
15. Answer (1)
 360
x   24 cm
3 3  500
16. Answer (4)
3f = f + 4 × 50
 f = 100 Hz
17. Answer (2)
2A = 3
2A
  
3
18. Answer (2)
 1 1 
6v     v = 303 m/s
 0.5 0.505 
19. Answer (4)
Y 2  1011
v   5 km/s
 8000
20. Answer (2)
74  24
24  e   e = 1 cm
2
21. Answer (1)
Longitudinal waves travel due to compressions and rarefactions. If medium is inelastic it does not allow
constituent compressions and rarefactions.
22. Answer (3)
y = A0 sin (t – kx)
dy
= VP = A0 cos(t – kx)
dt
Values for VP at B and C are positive force they are in a state to move upwards.
23. Answer (3)
N
v=

The tension N in the string varies as :

Mg
N=  x ; where x is length from the ground.
L
dx Mgx
dt = v and vx =  gx
x LM / L
T L
dx

0
dt  
0
gx
L
T= 2
0
x dx
T= 2
0
Lg ... (i)
If time to cover half length is T2.
T2 = 2Lg [By putting limits 0 to L/2 in equation (i)]
T
 T2
2
24. Answer (1)
Velocity of wave at a distance h from lower end is
v= gh
or v2 = gh
This is of the form of a parabola (y = kx2).
Hence answer is (1)
25. Answer (4)
Velocity of wave at a distance x from lower end is
vx = 2gx
dx
Time dt =
2gx
Integrating for 0 to L we get
4L
g
26. Answer (3)
T
Time period from maximum displacement T0 zero displacement is = 0.170 s
4
 Total time = 4 × 0.17 = 0.688
1
Frequency = = 1.47 Hz
T
27. Answer (1)
Maximum potential energy is stored where kinetic energy, i.e., velocity is zero as the total energy of an
element of a wave is constant in its oscillating direction. All the energy is stored as potential energy of the
wire at points b and d.
28. Answer (1)
d 2y 1 d 2y
  is satisfied only by functions of the form f(kx – t)
dx 2 v 2 dt 2
The only equation in the option which satisfies the above equation.
29. Answer (1)
The only function in the given function which is not of the form f(kx – t) is the first one (a)
Hence option (1) is correct.
30. Answer (3)
v = 350 m/s f = 500 Hz

v=
k
2f
k =
v
2  500
k =
350
2
k =
0.7
  = 0.7 m
Let equation of wave be
y = A sin (kx – t)
Let x1 = 0 x2 = 1 m
y1 = A sin (t)
 2 
y2 = A sin   1  t 
 0.7 
20
Hence phase difference = or approximately
7
Phase difference  3
Which is same as  = 
31. Answer (3)
Equation of travelling wave
 x
y = a sin 2  pt  
 5
Maximum particle velocity (vy) = A or vy = a × 2p
 2 p
Wave velocity (v) =   5p
k 2 / 5
vy 2a
 
v 5
32. Answer (1)
4
y
2 2
3 x  48t  24 xt  2
We need to convert it into the form of f(kx – t)
4
y
3( x 2  16t 2  8 x )  2
4
y=
3( x  4t )2  2

v=
k
4
Hence v = = 4 m/s
1
33. Answer (1)
Maximum particle velocity (vy) = A

Wave velocity (v) =
k
vy
  Ak
v
34. Answer (2)

Phase difference between the pressure and displacement wave will always be .
2
35. Answer (1)
2
Imax  I1  I2 
 
Imin  I1  I2 
2
 2  1
 
 2  1
=9:1
Imax
SL2 – SL1  10 log10  20 log10 3
Imin
36. Answer (2)
Let intensity of sound initially be = I0
80
After passing through glass slab intensity is = I = 0.8I0
100 0
After passing through 2nd slab it further reduces by 20% and only 80% is left.
80
Hence final intensity = × 0.8I0 = 0.64I0
100
37. Answer (1)
 
2
Imax = I1  I2  I1  I2  2 I1I2
 
2
Imin = I1  I2  I1  I2  2 I1I2
Imax + Imin = 2(I1 + I2)

38. Answer (1)
y = A sin 100t cos 0.01x
 = 100 k = 0.01

v=
k
or v = 104 m/s
39. Answer (1)
LAB = 110 cm
v v v
Fundamental frequencies = : : are given as 1 : 2 : 3
2l1 2l 2 2l 3
l1 l
Hence, l2 = and l3 = 1
2 3
Also l1 + l2 + l3 = 110
l l1
l1    110
2 3
6l1 + 3l1 + 2l1 = 660
660
l1 =
11
 l1 = 60 cm
 l2 = 30 cm
 l3 = 20 cm
Hence answer is (1)
40. Answer (1)
The question refers to the 5th harmonic of a vibrating wave.
nv 5  20
Frequency of 5th harmonic is = = = 5 Hz
2l 2  10
41. Answer (3)

v
Fundamental frequency (n) =
2l
T 1
or n =  ... (i)
 2l
Tension becomes 2T ... (ii)
v = A per metre
or v = r2

Now,  = (2r)2
2
or  = 2r2
or  = 2 ... (iii)
Putting (ii) and (iii) in equation (i),
n = n
42. Answer (2)
x1 = a sin (t + 1)
x2 = a sin (t + 2)
x = x1 + x2
= a[sin(t + 1) + sin(t + 2)]
 1   2   1   2 
= 2a sin  t   cos  
 2   2 
Now as given in question
1   2
2a cos a
2
   2  1
cos  1 
 2  2
1   2 

2 3
2
1   2 
3
43. Answer (4)
y = 0.2 sin 0.8x cos 3000t

The distance between any two points of minimum or maximum displacement is simply wavelength   of the
4
wave.
2
k = = 0.8

2
or  =
0.8
5  5
 = m   m
2 4 8
Hence answer must be (4).
44. Answer (4)
y = 2A sin kx · cos t
In a standing waves the function of amplitude (Ay) is given by
Ay = 2A sin kx

At mid-point of node and antinode x =
8
2   2 
 k 
 8 
Ay = 2A sin

2A
or Ay =
2
 Ay = 2A

Frequency is same at all points =
2
45. Answer (2)
y = y1 + y2
   
or y = A sin  kx – t +  + A sin  kx  t  
 6  6
  

or y = 2A sin (kx – t) . cos   6 6  
 
 2 
3
or y = 2 A sin (kx  t )
2
 y = A 3 sin(kx  t )
46. Answer (2)
6v
The 6th harmonic (f6) =  900
2l
v
or = 150
2l
v
Hence fundamental frequency of string or 150 Hz is missing.
2l
3rd multiple of 150 which is 450 is also missing.
Hence required frequencies are 150, 450.
47. Answer (1)
In the 2nd harmonic the shape of wave looks like.
Point of
plucking
Point of
touching
A B
The point of touching forms a node point of plucking forms an antinode. Hence, for 2nd harmonic, we need to
l l
need wire touched at and pluck it at .
2 4
48. Answer (4)

A1 = 5, A2 = 10
I1 kA12  5 2
    1: 4
I2 kA22  10 
49. Answer (2)
(2P  1)
In a closed pipe f = v
4l
7v
For third overtone (f) =
4l
/4
v v
=   4l
f 7v
4l
=
7
4  105
=
7
 = 60 cm

First pressure node will be formed
4
50. Answer (1)
Let length be l.
T 1 T 4 T 4
f=  ... (i) f=  ... (ii) or f =  ... (iii)
 2l  2l  6l
Equating (i) & (ii) and (i) & (iii)
T T 4
=4 & 
T1 T2 3
Put T = 32 N
32 9
= T1 × 32 = T2
16 16
T1 = 2 N T2 = 18 N
of the options on T1 is right.
51. Answer (2)
y = A0 sin (kx) cos t

Mid way between a node and antinode is from origin.
8
Function for amplitude is A = A0 sin (kx)
 2  
A = 4 sin   
  8
A = 2 2 cm
52. Answer (1)
l = l1 + l2
v
f1 = 2l
1
v
or l1 = 2f
1
Similarly,
v v
l2 = 2f l=
2 2f
v v v
= 2f  2f
2f 1 2
1 1 1
= f f
f 1 2
f1 f2
f = f f
1 2
f[f1 + f2] = f1f2

53. Answer (3)
I = I1 + I2 + 2 T1 T2 cos 
5 = 3 + 2 + 2 6 cos 
 cos  = 0

or  =
2
54. Answer (2)
The two waves of same frequency moving in the same direction give rise to interference.
55. Answer (3)
Initial frequency = 205 Hz
String tightned so frequency is increased = 205 + f
Final frequency of string – frequency of tuning fork = 3 beats
205 + f – 205 = 3
 f=3
 Final frequency = 205 + 3 = 208 Hz
56. Answer (2)
Frequency of fork 1 = 200 Hz
Frequency of fork 2 = 200 ± 4
When tape is added frequency of fork 2 decreases.
When frequency of fork 2 decreases number of beats increases.
Hence we know frequency of fork 2 is
f2 = 200 – 4 = 196 Hz
57. Answer (4)

Velocity of sound = 330 m/s
v
Frequency of incident sound on wall (f1) = f
v  vs
v  vs
Frequency of sound observed by driver (f2 )   f1
v
v  vs
or f2 = v  v × 600
s
360
or f2 =  600
300
or f2 = 720 Hz
58. Answer (3)
v = 220 m s–1
f = 1000 Hz
300  220
Frequency of echo = f
330  220
550
fe = f
110
or fe = 5f
or fe = 5000 Hz
59. Answer (1)
 = 200 ± 5 ... (i)
2 = 420 ± 10
 = 210 ± 5 ... (ii)
Common value for (i) & (ii) is 205 Hz.
Hence  = 205 Hz
60. Answer (3)
The apparent frequency is maximum when relative velocity of approach of tuning fork with respect to observer
is maximum.
vs P
8
O 8
9
OP = 172  82 = 15 m
61. Answer (2)
v
f  f0
v  vs
110
f is such that f = f0
100
v 110
When 
v  v s 100
100 v = 110 v – 110 vs
v = 11 vs
When source is received
v x
f0  f0
v  vs 100
Putting v = 11 vs
11
× 100 = x
12
x = 91.66%
% change = 100 – 91.66  8.5%
62. Answer (2)
v
fA = v  v f0 (Frequency of approach)
s
v
fR = v  v f0 (Frequency of departing)
s
 v 
fA =  v  v  1 f0
 s 
v
fA = v  v f0
s
 v 
fR = 1  v  v  f0
 s
v
fR = v  v f0
s
fA v  v s 3
 
fR v  v s 2
2 v = 2 vs = 3 v – 3 vs
5 vs = v
v
vs =
5
63. Answer (1)
v
When the train is approaching with speed vs. The apparent frequency is constant and fA  f0
v  vs
v
When it is departing it is again constant, suddenly changing after t0 to f0  f0 .
v  vs
Hence graph will be that of option (1).

64. Answer (1)

c = Speed of sound
At maximum frequency sources directly approaches observes with speed vs.
c
 fA = f0
c v
At minimum frequency sources recedes with vs
c
fR  f0
c v
fA c  v

fR c  v

Chapter 16
Electric Charges and Fields
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (1)
q = (1 + 2 – 3 + 4 – 5 + 6)C = 5 C
2. Answer (2)
q 2
n   1.25  1019
e 1.6  1019
3. Answer (2)
4. Answer (4)
Force between two charges are equal and opposite.
5. Answer (3)
q1q2 F
F So, when r = 2r, F =
40 r 2 4
6. Answer (1)

p1
60°

p2
pnet  3 p  3 ql
7. Answer (1)
 18  1010
E    (20 r )E   10 N/C
20 r 18  109
8. Answer (1)
Net charge of dipole is zero.
9. Answer (2)
2p
Eaxial 
40 r 3
66 Electric Charges and Fields Solutions of Assignment
10. Answer (1)

11. Answer (4)
Net charge enclosed remains the same, so flux will remain same.
12. Answer (4)
 = pE sin and 0  sin  1
13. Answer (4)
14. Answer (3)

E  E · A  (5i  8 j  9k ) ·10i  50 units
15. Answer (2)
At axial position, direction of field is in direction of dipole moment and on equatorial position, opposite to dipole
moment.
SECTION - B
1. Answer (1)
2. Answer (1)
Because neutron will not experience only electric force.
3. Answer (1)
Electric field inside uniformely charged sphere
1 ( q2 )
E x
40 R 3

F  q1E
Force on q1 at distance x < R from the centre is

1 q1q2
F . x
40 R 3
q1q2
a 3
x
40 mR
40 mR 3
 T  2
q1q2
4. Answer (3)
F
tan   (F1 = F2) According to Newton's third law
mg
5. Answer (2)

∵ E and q  2e, F  qE
20 r
6. Answer (4)

Net field E  (E  cos 45  E  cos 45)(  ˆj )
7. Answer (1)
P1 = ql, P2 = 2ql P  (ql )2  (2ql )2  2(ql )  (2ql )cos 60  7ql
Solutions of Assignment Electric Charges and Fields 67
8. Answer (4)
1 6P1P2
F , if dipoles are in axial position.
40 r 4
9. Answer (3) –q
qq 1 2qq x   a2  x 2
F  2K  cos , F  x
2 2 40 3
(a  x )
(a 2  x 2 )2
Force is not proportional to displacement.
q q
So motion will be oscillatory but not SHM. (–a, 0) (a, 0)
10. Answer (1)
CS + PS = 0, CS = – PS
CS = – [ER2 cos180°] = ER2
11. Answer (1)

| E A |  | EC | 0
q q 
Net field E  EB  ED  K  2  2 
l 2l 
Kq
q
E  22 
l 80 l 2
12. Answer (4)
1 q
Eout 
40 r 2
1 q
Eint  r
40 R 3
13. Answer (2)

14. Answer (1)

Square is in x – y plane, so angle between E and A is 0°
  EA  10  4  40 unit
15. Answer (3)

Minimum possible charge is charge of electron.
Ke 2
∵ F = 2.304 × 10–28 N.
r2
16. Answer (1)
2p
E1  K
r3
Kp KP 3 KP 7
E2  1  3 cos2   1 
3
r3 2
3 4
r r
17. Answer (4)

1 qq 1 qq

40 r 2 40 K (r )2
r
r 
K
18. Answer (3)

qE
a
m
19. Answer (1)

Charge inside the cavity is zero and it is concentric so Ein = 0
20. Answer (3)

Field due to this sheet E1 
20

Field due to metal plate E2  
0
21. Answer (4)
1  +
E [Sin 1  sin 2 ] +
40 R +

+
2 sin 90
E = 4  2
+
0 R

+
Q 2
 = , L  R
+
L
+
+
22. Answer (3) +
K = W
1
mu2 = qE × s
2
23. Answer (1)
2
 2  qQ 2
mr    k ,T  r3
T  r2
24. Answer (2)
Charge will divide till potential of both is same V1 = V2
1 q1 1 q2 1 q1R1 1 q2R2
 , 
40 R1 40 R2 0 4R1 0 4R22
2
1R1 = 2R2
1 R2

2 R1
25. Answer (1)
26. Answer (2)
q 2q 4q 
E1  k  2  2   ....
r 4r 16r 2 
q  1 1 
E k 1    ....
r2  2 4
1
It is  G.P with a = 1, r 
2
 1 
a kq  1 2q
S   1 
1 r r 2  1   40 r 2
 2
27. Answer (1)

28. Answer (2)
1 2qr
E
40 (r 2  a 2 )3/2
29. Answer (4)
30. Answer (4)
31. Answer (4)
 ml 2  2PE sin  2qE sin 

 = PEsin = I  2    ,  
 4  ml 2 ml
32. Answer (3)

 2 3
E3 E2 E1 E3 E2 E1 E3 E2 E1 E1 E2 E3
1 2 3
33. Answer (1)

  pE

p  (1  0)iˆ  (2  1) ˆj  (1  0)kˆ  q


p  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ q 

  pE
34. Answer (4)
35. Answer (3)
qQ 2qQ q Q d 2q
K K
x2 (d  x )2 x
36. Answer (2)
Q l Q Q
qin    , min 
2l 2 4 4 0
37. Answer (1)

E 4a 2   q
0 E = ka
38. Answer (1)

39. Answer (3)
SECTION - C
1. Answer (2)
+ Q
+ +
R
r
+ +
C
+ +
+
Charge Q will be distributed over the surface of hollow metal sphere.
(i) For r < R (inside)
qen
By Gauss law,  E in · dS  0
0
 Ein = 0 (∵ qen  0)
E
(ii) For r > R (outside) +
+ + 1
r E0 
qen + + r2
 E 0 · dS  0 +
+ Ein = 0
+ r
O R
Here, qen = Q (∵ qen  Q )
Q
 E0 4r 2 
0
 E0 
1
r2
2. Answer (3)
(2) (1 )
+ + – –
–
+ –
+ E1
–
+ E2 –
+ R –
–
+ –
+ –
+ –
–X X
Electric field due to line charge (1)

 ˆ
E1  i N/C
20 R
Electric field due to line charge (2)
 ˆ
E2  i N/C
20 R

Enet  E1  E2
 ˆ  ˆ
= i i
20R 20R
 ˆ
= i N/C
 0 R
3. Answer (2)
A B
+Q –Q
r
kQ2
F
r2
If 25% of charge of A transferred to B then
Q 3Q Q 3Q
qA  Q   and q B  Q  
4 4 4 4
qA qB
r
kqAqB
F1 
r2
2
 3Q 
k 
F1   42 
r
9 kQ
F1 
16 r 2
9F
F1 
16
4. Answer (3)
q enclosed
 Total 
0
Dipole have equal and opposite charge, so net charge inside the sphere will be zero (qenclosed = 0)
0
Total  =0
0
5. Answer (2)
t=0 a t=1 –a t=2

A B
–1
v=0 v = 6 ms v=0
C
t=3 –a
–1
v = –6 ms
60
Acceleration a   6 ms2
1
For t = 0 to t = 1 s,
1
S1   6(1)2 = 3 m ...(i)
2
For t = 1 s to t = 2 s,
1
S2  6.1   6(1)2  3 m ...(ii)
2
For t = 2 s to t = 3 s,
1
S3  0   6(1)2  3 m ...(iii)
2
Total displacement S = S1 + S2 + S3 = 3 m
3
Average velocity   1 ms1
3
Total distance travelled = 9 m
9
Average speed   3 ms1
3
6. Answer (1)
1 eE 2
h t
2 m
2hm
 t
eE
 t  m as ‘e’ is same for electron and proton.

∵ Electron has smaller mass so it will take smaller time.
7. Answer (3)
Fe = Fg
1 e2 Gm 2
 2
40 d 2 d
9 × 109 (e2) = 6.67 × 10–11 × 1.67 × 10–27 × 1.67 × 10–27
6.67  1.67  1.67
e 2   10 74
9
e  10 37
8. Answer (2)
  PE sin 
   qlE sin 
 4
 q  =  2 mC

lE sin  2  10  0.5  2  105
2
9. Answer (4)
F
 tan 
mg
2
x
Kq 2
2
 l
2 
2
x mg 2x
l 
4 q
F x q
2
Kq x 2
2

x mg 2l mg
q2  x3
 q  x3/2
3/2
dq d ( x ) dx
 
dt dx dt
dq 1/2
 x v
dt
1
 v 1
2
x
10. Answer (4)
Let charge enclosed in the sphere of radius is q. According to Gauss theorem,
q
 E.ds   0
q
E.4r 2  a
0
q
4Ar 3 
0
r=a
then
q  4  0 Aa 3
11. Answer (1)
K .Q 2
T sin   …(i)
r2
T cos = mg …(ii)
T cos
i K .Q 2 
tan  
ii mg.r 2
T T sin
 r12 .tan 1  r22 .tan  2
r r 2 .2
 r 2.  r 22 . mg
2y 2.y
r3 r3
  2
2y y
r
 r2  1
23
12. Answer (4)

Qinc. Q
net  
0  0 (through eight cubes)
a
Flux through one cube = 8 
0
13. Answer (4)

Flux does not depend upon size of surface.
14. Answer (3)
Force between two ions
K .Q1.Q2
F
d2
1  ne 
2
 . F
4  0 d 2
 n2.e2 = Fd2.40
 n  Fd 2 .4 0
e2
15. Answer (1)
Electric field inside the shell is zero.
16. Answer (3)
E along OK, Since E at the centre must be zero.
17. Answer (3)
y p
–2q x
o p
q
z
pnet  2p  2qa
18. Answer (2)
Q
Net flux through the all surface = 
0
C A
Flux through curved surface = 
1 Q 
Hence, flux through plane surface    
2  0 
19. Answer (4)
20. Answer (3)

net  E.A  EA cos  | ∵   90
=0
21. Answer (1)
F = Q.E
F 3  10 6
E    1.5  10 3
q 2  10 9
Hence force on proton = FP = QP.E

= (1.6 ×10–19) × (1.5 ×103 )
= 2.4 × 10–16 N
Gravity force on proton = FG = mg
= 1.6 × 10–27 × 10
= 1.64 × 10–26 N
22. Answer (2)
PE
1 W I  1 . P.E
n  
T 2 2 2 I
23. Answer (2)
Qinc. Q
E.A. 
0
 
 3  103  4r 2  inc.
0
3  103  152 75  10
 Qinc.  =  7.5  10 9 C
9  10  100
9
109
24. Answer (3)
Electric field is directed from positive to negative charge.
25. Answer (3)
Net force on Q due to other charges +Q q +Q
K .Q.q K .Q.Q

r2 4r 2
Q
q
4
26. Answer (4)
Qinc .
  E .A. 
0
Q
  net 
0
27. Answer (4)

Q
p
E  3
∵ r >> a

4  0 . r 2  a 2  2
–q r +q
a
p

4  0 .r 3
 E  p, E  r 3
28. Answer (1)
F = QE
F qE
a 
m m
1 1  2qEy 
Hence, K .E.  mv 2 =  m  
2 2  m  = qEy
29. Answer (3)

Electric field at the centre is zero.
30. Answer (3)
dl
d

a
k .dq sin  k.  .dl  .sin  k..  a.d   sin  k .  1  

E   dE sin  
a 0
=    sin d  = . 
a2 a2 a2 2  0  a 
31. Answer (2)

  P  E (from formula)
32. Answer (2)
qinc. Q
 
0 0
1 Q 
Flux through any one surface of the cube =  
6  0 
33. Answer (1)

Flux    E.A  EA cos   0 | ∵   0
SECTION - D
1. Answer (3)
E2
E1
E1 1  qE1  2
t
2  m 
E2 = x= ...(i) in field E1
2
1  qE2  2
( t )
2  m 
x= ...(ii) in field E2
From (i) and (ii),
1 qE1 2
t
x 2 m
=
x 1 qE2
(t )2
2 m
 E1t2 = E2(t)2
E1
t = E t = 2t
2
2. Answer (1)

E  4iˆ V/m

A  (2iˆ  3 ˆj ) m2

Flux = E  A = 8 V m
3. Answer (1)
 = EA cos 
For maximum flux, cos = 1
= EA
 d 2 
= E  
 4 
4
E=
d 2
4. Answer (4)
+ a –
+ –
+ b –
+ –
+ –
W = qE(a)cos0° + qE(b) cos 90° + qE(a) cos 180° + qE(b) cos 90°
W = qEa + 0 – qEa + 0 = 0
5. Answer (3)
 
total =  E  dA
 
 If  E  dA =0
total = 0
6. Answer (2)
7. Answer (2)
V1 = V2
kQ1 kQ2
=
a b
Q1 a
 
Q2 b
 kQ1 
E1  2  Q1 b2 b
 a  
E2 = = =
 kQ2  Q2 a2 a
 2 
 b 
8. Answer (4)
9. Answer (3)
10. Answer (2)
V (0, 0)  V (1, 0) 0  (  1)
Ex =  =1
1 0 1
V (0, 0)  V (0, 1) 0  1
Ey =  =–1
1 0 1 0

E  E x iˆ  E y jˆ  iˆ  jˆ
11. Answer (3)
10 C 3C
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Q1 Q2
E = E1 – E2
Q1 Q2
A  A
2=
20 20
Q1  Q2
20 A = 2
7 7
20 A = 2 0A = 4
 Q1 
 
F =  A  Q2
 20 
10  3 10  3  4
F = 2 A = 27
0
20  3 60
F= = N.
7 7
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (2)
  qenclosed
 E . ds =
0
q
=
0
14. Answer (1)
At point A density of field lines are greater than B.
 EA > EB
15. Answer (4)
  Qen
 E ds =
0
Qen =  dv
R /2
= 0 kr 2 4r 2dr
4kR 5
Qen =
5  32
  R 2  4kR 5
E  4    =
 2  5  32  0
kR 5  4 kR 3
E = =
5  32   0R 2 400
16. Answer (3)

Electric field is taken due to all the charges present, but only enclosed charges are taken.
  E1  E2  E3  E4   dA
     q1  q2  q3
= 0
17. Answer (3)

Quantization of charge. –q'
18. Answer (3) q' q2
q1
Suppose a Gaussian surface passes through conducting shell with
radius (r3) r1
Flux through it well be zero. So, net charge enclosed must be zero. r2
r3
 q1 + q' = 0
q' = –q1
19. Answer (4)

Charge is always associated with mass
 Particle with zero rest mass can never have a charge.
20. Answer (1)
Farad is not a unit of charge.
21. Answer (1)
9  109 11
F  9  103 N
1000 2
22. Answer (4)
kq1q2
F
r2
k  2q1  2q2 
Now, F '  2
r
 
2
 kq q 
F   16  12 2   16 F
 r 
23. Answer (2)
mg = eE
mg
E
e
24. Answer (1)
Electric field lines terminates at negative charge
25. Answer (1)
EA > EB
 Closes the electric field lines, stronger is electric field.
26. Answer (3)
V
E  100 R = 6400 km
m
q
By Gauss law, EA   q  EA 0
0

 q  200 4 6400  103    8.85  10
2 12
 q = 4.55 × 105 C
27. Answer (2)
–Q +2Q
In case of two charges of opposite polarity, neutral point always lies outside the line joining charges and
closes to smaller magnitude charge.
28. Answer (1)
q
  1000 
0
q = 8.854 × 10–12 ×1000
q = 8.854 × 10–9C
29. Answer (2)
(i) Electric field lines originates from positive charge.
(ii) Higher the number of field lines originating from positive charge, greater is magnitude of charge.
30. Answer (3)
–q –q
1 q
Electric field at O due to each charge is E 
40 12
q –q
So, net electric field (Enet) is,
 E net  E 2  E 2  2E 2 cos120  2E q q
q
 E net  4E 
0
31. Answer (2)
-particle has more charge than proton
 Strong electric force on -particle and more curved path.
32. Answer (1)

  E.A  aR 2
33. Answer (1)

Charge enclosed is (q) = (1)
7 cm

E   250
2  0  0.07  +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
So,  = 500(0.07) + + 1 cm
+ +
+ +
q + +
Electric flux through cylinder =  = 500 (0.07)
0
1.1 × 102 N m2 C–1

34. Answer (4)
A B
+ –
+ – + –
– +
+ –– + –
– ++
+ –
+ –
Net force on sphere will be zero.
35. Answer (3) +q
P = qL
Pnet  P 2  P 2  2P 2 cos 60 P

60°
Pnet  3P  3qL –q P +q
36. Answer (4)

1
F = qE and E 
r3
on doubling the distance
E
E' 
8
F
So, F ' 
8
37. Answer (2)

  P E
38. Answer (2)

Max. torque max = pE sin90°
= (1 × 10–6) (2 × 10–2) (105)
= 2 × 10–3 N m
39. Answer (4)
Q
Total flux through cube      (Six surfaces)
0
Q
Flux through each face = 6 
0
40. Answer (3)

q
Total flux through the cylindrical gaussian surface = 
0
.q
1
Flux through open cylinder = (Total flux)
2
q
= 2
0
41. Answer (2)
Gaussian surface
+ +++++++++++
+ +
+ – – – – – – +
+ +++ – +
+ + –
+ + + –
– +
+
+ ++++ – – +
+
– – – – – –
+ +
+ +++++++++++
Metallic container
Charged body
As same charge is enclosed

 Same flux outside the container
42. Answer (3)
If charge inclosed same, electric flux will be same.
43. Answer (3)
U = –pE cos
For Umin  = 0° So, Umin = –pE
44. Answer (4)

Electric dipole in non uniform E may experience force, or couple.
45. Answer (4)
+ –
(I) (II) (III)
P M
   
0 0 0 0
A B
At points P and M is zero.

46. Answer (3)
In non-conducting sphere,
If x < R (radius)
kQx
then E 
R3
Or E  x
47. Answer (3)
R = 10 cm, r = 20 cm
kQ
E
 0.22
Now at r = 5 cm
kQ  0.05
E' 
 0.13
E '  0.05
3 
0.2  2
2
Now, 
E  0.1
E' = 2E
48. Answer (1)
q + +
T
T sin  0 + + T cos
 
T cos  mg + +
+ + q
q T sin 0
tan   + +
 0 mg mg
+ +
 0 mg tan 

q
49. Answer (2)
 
+ +
+ +
+ +
(1) (2)
+ +
+ +
+ +
d

Electric field due to rod (1) at distance ‘d’ = 2   d
0
F qE   
So, force per unit length    
l l  2  0 d 
k 2 2
=
d
50. Answer (2)
Q
Surface charge density () =
4 r 2
1

r2
1 r22 42 4
   r 2  22  1
2 1
51. Answer (4)

For easy calculation of electric field using Gauss' law, gaussian surfaces having some special symmetry with
respect to charge configuration is used.
52. Answer (2) +Q
 Q Q Q Q
Q
E net  2 2 + 2 2 2
4 A 0 –
+ Q –
Q + 4A 0 –
= 2 A + –
0 Q
+ –
53. Answer (1) 4 A 0
E = 150 V/m
R = 6400 km
Using Gauss' Law
q
 EA 
0
 
 150 4 6400  103    q
2
q = 150 × 4 ×(6400 ×103)2 × 8.854 × 10–12

q = 6.8 × 105 C
54. Answer (2)
G M P2
Gravitational force F1 
r2
1 e2
Electrostatic force F2 
4  0 r 2
F2 e2

F 1 4  0G M P2
 Dimension less [ M0 L0 T0 A0]
55. Answer (1)
N
Q1 q Q2
When charge is displaced above, it gets repelled and move away from null point. Hence, unstable equilib-
rium.
56. Answer (3)
Charge with maximum curved path has highest charge to mass ratio.
57. Answer (2)
Q
Linear charge density () =
L

 AT   M0L1 T1A1 
L  

Chapter 17
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (3)
The plane perpendicular to electrostatic field lines are equipotential surface.
2. Answer (1)
K ( Q ) K ( q ) K (2q )
  0  Qq
r r r
3. Answer (2)

k p · r k p · r
V  
r2 r3
4. Answer (1)
9  109 (2  106  8  106 )

V  V1  V2   90  103 V
1
5. Answer (2)
k · q · 2a 2kqa
V  
r 2  a2 r 2  a2
6. Answer (2)
Since A > B  EA > EB
7. Answer (4)

U  p · E
8. Answer (1)
qQ  1 1 
W  U    
40  b a 
9. Answer (2)

U   p · E   pE cos 
U  max, when   180
Solutions of Assignment Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 87
10. Answer (2)
W = pE(cos1 – cos2) = pE(cos0° – cos90°) = pE
11. Answer (4)
(C  C )C 2C 2  2 4
CAB     F
C C C 3 3 3
12. Answer (2)
CV 2 CV 2 1
Heat  Wbattery – UC  CV 2 –    2  106  102
2 2 2
Heat = 100 J
13. Answer (1)
 2  4   1 2 
Balanced weatstone bridge. CAB      2F
 2  4   1 2 
14. Answer (2)
0 A K 0 A 6 0 A
C     3C
2d 2d 2 d
15. Answer (2)
SECTION - B
1. Answer (2)

dV  E  dr
2. Answer (4)
1
4 4
R 3  n r 3 , R  n 3 r
3 3
Charge on bigger drop Q = n40RV
Q ( 40 rV )n
V  
C 1
40 r n 3
2
V  n 3V
3. Answer (1)
kQ1 kQ2 kQ3
  0
a b c
Q1   4 a2 , Q2   4 b2 , Q3   4 c 2
4. Answer (3)
 
U   P .E
88 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment
5. Answer (1)
6. Answer (2)
Q1  Q2
Charge on inner face of plate 
2
q Q1  Q2
V  
C 2C
Q1–Q2
2
Q1+Q2 Q1+Q2
2 2
–Q1+ Q2
Q1–Q2
v= 2
2C
7. Answer (1)
8. Answer (4)
Effective circuit
C
C
2 2 0 A
Ceff  C , q  CV
3 3 d
9. Answer (3)
A B
10. Answer (1)
+ – + –
A B
1 F 10 V 2 F
Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law
q q
VA   10   VB , VA – VB = 5 V
1 2
11. Answer (2)
12. Answer (4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
0 A K 0 A K 0 A
C1  , C2  , C3 
d d 2d
C1 and C2 in series then C3 is in parallel to effective of C1 and C2
13. Answer (4)
q
Potential of both capacitor V  are equal so no change flows.
C
14. Answer (2)

15. Answer (2)
Effective circuit
1 F
1 F
A B
1 F
2 F
8
ceff = F
3
16. Answer (2)
Total charge CV V
Common potential = = 
Total capacitance CK  C K  1
17. Answer (1)

Effective circuit
1 F 3 F
A B
5 F
2 F 6 F
If is balanced wheat stone bridge.

18. Answer (4)
Work done = q (V)
19. Answer (4)
CV1 V V
 V2 , K  1 2
Ck  C V2
20. Answer (2)

+500 C –500 C +700 C –500 C


100 C 600 C +100 C
–600 C
After redistribution
q 600
V    60 V
C 100
21. Answer (3)
All the six capacitors are in parallel.
22. Answer (4)
Potential difference across 10 F capacitor is zero. So 9 = 0
23. Answer (2)
Energy stored = Area of triangle.
24. Answer (3)
4
P.D.   10 V
5
25. Answer (1)
1 1 1 1
   (1)
C1 C2 C3 4
1 1 1
C1 is removed C  C  6 (2)
2 3
On solving (1) and (2), C1 = 12 F

26. Answer (2)
Ui  wb  Uf  Heat
2
1 V  CV  1 V 
CV 2    C    Heat
2 2  2  2 2
27. Answer (3)
1 V V
U1  C V 2  V22  , common potential V  1 2
2  1 2
2
1 V  V 
Uf   2C  1 2 
2  2 
W  Ui  Uf 
28. Answer (2)
29. Answer (4)
30. Answer (4)
1 dq
∵ V   dV 
40  R
1 1 
V  q  .  R 
40 R 40 R 4 0
31. Answer (2)
 Q 
   CV 
q1 – q2  2 
q1 = CV q2 = –CV + Q
2


Q
2
q1  q2
V  2
C
q1 = CV
q2 = – CV + Q
Q
CV 
'
V  2
C
Q
V' V 
2C
32. Answer (1)
Radius of smaller drop = r, C = 40r
4 3 4
r  64  R 3
3 3
R = 4r
C = 4C
33. Answer (3)
dV
E–
dx
34. Answer (4)
8
∵ q  Ceff .V   9  24 C
3
35. Answer (4)
q
V 
C
36. Answer (2)
37. Answer (1)
38. Answer (4)
39. Answer (2)
40. Answer (4)

q = Ceff. Eeff 10 V
Apply K.V.L
+
q q 2F –
  5   10  0 1 F
2 2
–q = – 5
q = 5 C 5V
41. Answer (2)
30 A
Ceff.  3C 
d
2qNet
qNet = Ceff. V and q2 =
3
42. Answer (1)
1 q
V 
40 R
43. Answer (4)
C OV
A B
V OV
OV OV
2C C C
Two capacitor capacitance 2 F is short circuit. So ceff = 3 F.
44. Answer (1)
q q
VA   5   0 and in B to C
2 2
15
q = 15 C VB  0
2
 VB  7.5 V
45. Answer (2)

A0 3 A0

C1C2
∵ Ceff   d /2 d /2
C1  C2 A0 3 A0

d /2 d /2
46. Answer (3)
qi = CV and qf = 2CV
WB = 2V [qf – qi] = 2CV2
SECTION - C
1. Answer (1)
Q1 = 4R12 = 4R2
Q2 = 4(2R)2 = 16R2
After Redistribution of charges
Q1 R
  Q2  2Q1 ...(i)
Q2 2R
Q1  Q2  20R 2 ...(ii)

From eq. (i) and (ii)
20 5
Q1  R 2  1  
3 3
40 5
Q2  R 2  2  
3 6
2. Answer (4)
a c
b
V +q 0
–q 0 C C
1
Ui  CV 2
2
On switching key at point c
q0  q q

C C
2q = q0
q 
q 0
 2 
2 2
1  q0  1 1  q0  1
Uf        
2 2  C 2 2  C
q02
Uf 
4C
1
Uf  CV 2
4
 Ui  Uf 
loss =  U   100
 i 
 1 1  CV 2
  
 2 4 100
1
CV 2
2
= 50%
3. Answer (1)
For isolated capacitor Q = Constant
Q2
Fplate 
2 A0
F is Independent of the distance between plates.
4. Answer (2)
C
V
Charge on capacitor, q = CV when it is connected with another uncharged capacitor.
C q
C
q1  q2 q0
Vc  
C1  C2 C  C
V
Vc 
2
1
Initial energy, Ui  CV 2
2
2 2
1 V  1 V  CV 2
Final energy, Uf  C   C  
2 2 2 2 4
2
Loss of energy = Ui – Uf  CV i.e. decreases by a factor (2)
4
5. Answer (2)
Work done w = qV
V is same in all the cases so work is done will be same in all the cases.
6. Answer (3)
k1, k2 and k3 are in parallel so Arithmetic mean.
k1  k2  k3
keq 
3
keq is in series with k4. So harmonic mean.
2 1 1
  
k keq k4
2 3 1
  
k k1  k2  k3 k 4
7. Answer (1)
1 2
Initial energy stored = (2 F)  V
2
Energy dissipated on connection across 8 F
1 C1C2 2
= 2 C C V
1 2
1 2 F  8 F 2
= 2  10 F  V
1 2
=  (1.6 F) V
2
1.6
% loss of energy =  100  80%
2
8. Answer (3)
Force between the plates
q2 1
F  qE
2 A0 2
1 V 1 V2
F CV  C
2 d 2 d
9. Answer (2)
Electric field inside a conductor is always zero and conductor is a equipotential body. The value of electric
potential at the surface will be at the centre.
10. Answer (4)

Electric force F = qE
V V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ
E   i  j k
r  x y z 
V 

x x
6 x  8 xy  8y  6yz  6  8y
V
 8 x  8  6z
y
V
 6y
z
E(1, 1, 1)   (6  8)iˆ  ( 8  8  6) ˆj  (6)kˆ
  2iˆ  10 jˆ  6kˆ
| E |  2 35 N/C
F  qE  (2)(2 35)  4 35 N
11. Answer (3)
In vacuum electric field between parallel plate capacitor is given by
Q
E
A 0
In medium,
Q
E 
kA0
as K2 > K1
 Electric field will be less in K2.
12. Answer (1)
B A
VB > VC > VA
13. Answer (3) 

P
I  pE sin 

E
U  – pE cos 
14. Answer (3)

–Q –q
k  –Q  k  –q  k  2q  k  2Q  r
Vp     0 r
r r r r
kQ kq r P r
 0
r r
q = –Q 2Q 2q
15. Answer (3) d

A0
C
d
1
U   E 2 ·Ad A
2 0
16. Answer (2)
q 4  10 –2 – q

3 1
q = 12 × 10–2 – 3q
4q = 12 × 10–2
q = 3 × 10–2C
17. Answer (4)

q 2L –q
kq kq kq kq
V   – – L
L L L 5 L 5
kq 2 5 – 2 L

L 5 q 2L –q
18. Answer (1)
q
a
2a
E
a
q q
a a
D
2a
VD = VE
W = q(VD – VE) = 0
19. Answer (2)

V = 4x2
dV
Ex  –  –8x
dx
Ex = –8 N/C
20. Answer (4)
C1
Cnet 
n1
1 C1 2 2
U ·4 V
2 n1
8C1V 2
U
n1
Cnet = n2C2
1
U n2C2V 2
2
8C1V 2 n2C2V 2

n1 2
16C1
C2 
n1n2
21. Answer (3)

q =C V
constant increases decreases

V
So, E  decreases
d
22. Answer (4)
k  4a2 k  4b2 k  4c 2

VA  – 
a b c – 
VA = 4k(a – b + c)
a b
k  4a2
k  4b 2
k  4c 2 
VB  –  c
b b c
 a2 
VB  k 4  – b  c 
 b 
k 4a 2 k 4b 2 k 4c 2

VC  – 
c c c
 a2 – b2 
VC  k 4   c
 c 
If VA = VC
a2 – b2
a–bc  c
c
c=a+b
23. Answer (2)
C V V V
Net capacitance 
3
C C C
Breakdown voltage = 3 V
24. Answer (3)

V = –x2y – xz3 + 4
V
Ex  –   2 xy  z 3
x
V
Ey  –  x2
y
Ez = + 3xz2

 
E  2 xy  z 3 i  x 2 j  3 xz 2
k
25. Answer (3)

2 = E (4 × 10–8)
2
E  108
4
E = 0.5 × 108 N/C
E = 5 × 107
26. Answer (1)

1
U CV 2
2
1 A 0
U  Ed 2
2 d
A0E 2d
U
2
27. Answer (2)
9  109 Q
 Q  1011
r
r = 9 × 10–2
9  109  Q
E
81 10 –4
1
E  1013 Q
9
KQ
 Q  1011
r
k
r
1011
kQ
E 1022
k2
E = 4Q × 1022
28. Answer (1)
R +Q
2L
A C B D
(+q) (–q)
kq kq
VC  – 0
L L
kq kq –2kq
VD  – 
3L L 3L
W = +Q(VC – VD)
2kq
W Q·
3L
29. Answer (4)
1 1C 2 C/2
W  CV 2  V V
2 2 2 C
3
W  CV 2
4
30. Answer (4)
1
U CV 2
2
q =C V d increases, C decreases
constant decreases increases
31. Answer (2)

2C q2
q1 24C·11

q2 36C
3C C
4C
q1 22
 q1
q2 3
32. Answer (1) y

VA = VB
A
W = –Q(VB – VA) | VA = VB (0, a)
W=0 x
(+q)O B
33. Answer (1) (a, 0)
k  q1   100 k  q2  100 C
q3
VC  
40 50
VC  k  2.5q1  2q2 
40 cm
kq1 100  kq2 100  q2

VD   D
40 10 q1 30 10
cm cm
VD = k (2.5q1 + 10q2)
U = q3 (VD – VC)
U = q3 (8kq2)
U = kq3 (8q2)
34. Answer (3)

1
Option (3) is wrong for dipole, potential varies as .
r2
35. Answer (3)
For n capacitors
Cnet = nC
1 = n(10–6)(110)
1000000
n  9090
110
36. Answer (1)
VA = VB = 80 V
37. Answer (3)

r
W = q(Vf – Vi)
q2
kq
Vf  Vi  2
r
W=0
38. Answer (1)
P

 E
P
E
U = –pEcos
39. Answer (2)
q = 0.2 C
2m
r=2m E
 = 60°
 1
4   0.2 E  2   
2
E = 20 N/C
40. Answer (2)

10–2 5 × 10–2
–2
q 6  10 – q
 1 2
1 2
2q = 6 × 10–2 – q
q 6 × 10–2 –q
q = 2 × 10–2 C
41. Answer (4)
1
U CV 2
2
42. Answer (1)
1
eV  mv 2
2
2eV
 v2
m
2eV
v
m
43. Answer (1)
KE = 1 × 1 = 1 eV
44. Answer (4)
C
KC = C, C 
2
45. Answer (2)
As 'r' decreases so, PE increases.
46. Answer (4)

B
6 F
6 F 6 F
C 20 6
 X Y 
VB = VC
X 6 B Y
6 6 F 6 F
C
Above is the diagram of a balanced W.B.
Cnet = 6 F
47. Answer (2)
q2
U q/2
2C
2
 q
 
2
U 
2C
q/2
q2 U
U  
8C 4
48. Answer (1)
2
1 1 V  1 V2
Energy density   E 2  0    
2 0 2 d 2 0 d2
49. Answer (3)
The potential of a conductor is same throughout its interior and at its surface.
50. Answer (2)
C1, V
C2, 0
C1V
Vnet 
C1  C2
51. Answer (3)
3b
r  –q –q
2
r
  –q
 k  q  – q  
–q q –q
U  8  –q
 b 3 
 2 
–q –q
2
–16 q
U 
4  0 3 b
–4 q 2
U 
 0 3 b
52. Answer (3)
4 F
A B
4 F 4 F
Cnet = 6 F
53. Answer (3)

E
F=0
P
U = –pE

Minimum
54. Answer (2)
 2  10 V  21 · 2 ·10
–3 2
 2  10 V  100
–3
V = 50 × 103 = 50 kV
SECTION - D
1. Answer (1)
d
p
r1 y r2
Q –Q
x d–x
Potential at point P.
kQ k (–Q )
 =0
r1 r2
kQ k ( Q )
=
2
x y 2
(d  x )2  y 2
(d  x )2  y 2 = x2  y 2
(d – x)2 + y2 = x2 + y2
(d – x)2 = x2
d
x= Hence all the point on perpendicular bisector will have zero potential.
2
2. Answer (1)
 
dV =  E  dr
Magnitude of potential difference

 
|dv| = E  dr = (e1i + e2j + e3k).(ai + bj)
= ae1 + be2
Work done W = Q|dv|
= Q(ae1 + be1)
3. Answer (2)
kQ 2kQ
V(at centre) = 
a 1.2a
kQ  1  2kQ
= 1   
a  0.6  3a
kQ 2kQ  kQ
V (out side) =  =
r r r
3a
Comparing we get, r = = 1.5 a
2
4. Answer (1)
P
2C
2C 2C
C
2C
Q
 C = 2C || (C)
C = 2C in series with 2C
C = Ceq
 Ceq = 2C + C = 3C
5. Answer (1)
C = C2 in series with C3 = 1 F
 Ceq = C1 + C + C4 = 3 F
6. Answer (3)
C2 and C3 are in parallel.
 V2 = V3
V = V1 + V3 = V1 + V2
By charge conservation,
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
7. Answer (2)
The capacitance of Wheatstone bridge = 2 F
The capacitance in series with wheatstone bridge = 2 F
8. Answer (3)
 1 
 3 
VAP =  1 1 VAB
  
3 6
6
VAP =  1200 = 800
9
VA – VP = 800
VP = VA – 800 = 400 V
9. Answer (1)
10. Answer (3)
Q Q
a
O
Q Q
 kQ 
V0 = 4  
 a/ 2 
kQ
V0 = 4 2
a
V = 0
W = qV
W = – Q(V – V0)
 kQ  4 2Q 2
W =  Q  0  4 2 
a  40a
2Q 2
W =
0a
11. Answer (3)
12. Answer (4)
p2
qV =
2m
P= 2mqV
Pe 2me  eV me
P = 2m  2eV
= 2m
13. Answer (4)

kp cos 
V=
r2
 
k p r
V=
r3
14. Answer (4)

E changes due to change in direction but V remains unchanged as distances are unchanged.
15. Answer (2)
16. Answer (1)

 kQ 3kQ kQ
V1 =  =
R 2R 2R
 kQ 3kQ kQ
V2 =  =
2R 2R R
V1 1
 V2 =
2
17. Answer (2)
V1
C1
V
C2
C3
V2 V3
Total charge at any junction = 0
C1(V – V1) + C2(V – V2) + C3(V – V3) = 0
(C1 + C2 + C3) V = C1V1 + C2V2 + C3V3
C1V1  C2V2  C3V3

V =
C1  C2  C3
18. Answer (2)
C1C2
Charge Q = 
C1  C2
As C1 and C2 are in series.
19. Answer (3)
0 A
C =
d t
But if t 0
0 A
C = = C0
d
 Capacity remains unchanged.
20. Answer (3)
21. Answer (2) 6+q
–q
kq k 6 q
V   0 o
1 3 1m
6 C
q = –2 C
3m
22. Answer (2)

Vsurface = V + V
If V = 0, Vsurface = V
If V = –V, Vsurface = 0
3V 3V V
Vcen   V  V 
2 2 2
23. Answer (3)

Potential at any point on the equatorial line due to an electric dipole is 0.
24. Answer (2)
r P
2kp 2kp P1 P2
E1  3
E2  3
 a  a
 r    r   –2q q E1 E2
2 2 q
2kp 2kp
E2  E1  3
 3
 a  a
 r    r  
2 2
2kp  1 1 

r 3  3 3 
 1 a   a  
 2r   1  2r  
    
2kp  3a  3a  
1  1   
r 3  2r  2r  
2kp  3a 
r 3  r 
6kpa 6 pa 3 pa
E  
r 4
40 r 4
20 r 4
 kp kp kp  2a 2a  2kpa
V    1  1  3
 a
2
 a
2
r 2  2r 2r  r
 r    r  
2 2
25. Answer (4)
3kQ
VC 
2R
kQ 3kQ q
VS  
Rx 4R R
4R = 3R + 3x
3x = R
R
x
3
26. Answer (3)
kq kq kq kq q –q q
    ......
1 2 4 8 x=0 1 2 3 4
 1 1 1 
kq 1     .....
 2 4 8 
kq.1
V
 1
1  
 2
2kq
V
3
27. Answer (1)
2  0 l
C 
 b
ln  
 a
 20 
2  0 
 100 
C
ln 2
10  106 ln3
V 
 20 
20 
 100 
10 4 ln2
V 
4 0
0.1ln2
V  mV
40
28. Answer (4)

If outer surface is earthed its charge becomes 0.
29. Answer (1)

Inside the conductor, the field is 0 and potential is constant V = 100 V.
30. Answer (2)

R
1 1  r
VA  VB  kq   
r R 
V  q q
31. Answer (2)

Eint  E ext  0 ++
+ R
2R q

E int  E ext +
+ Eext Eind

++
kq
E int 
9R 2
32. Answer (1) q
k  q  2q  k  q  q  k  q  2q 
U  
L L L L L
3kq 2
U
L
q L –2q
U  0
3kq 2
Wext  U   U 
L
33. Answer (2)
3x 2 y 2
V  
2 4
dV
Ex   3 x  3
dx
dV y
Ey    1
dy 2

E  3iˆ  jˆ
34. Answer (1)
V3  4  105  3  12  105 E
–200 C 200 C
kq q V0 = 0 V3 = 12 × 105
U  1 2  q1V2  q2V2
r
3
9  109  200  200  1012
U + (–200)(0) + 200 (12 ×105) ×10–6
3
U = –120 + 240
U = 120 J
–q q
35. Answer (3)
3kq 3kq
V   0
r r q –q
from the figure
2E
–q q
2E
2E
Enet = 0
36. Answer (4)

V = 8x2 + 2
dV
Ex   16 x
dx
x = –4
Ex = 64 V/m
37. Answer (2)
 kq 2 kq 2 ka 2 q –q q
U  
a a 2a x = –a x=0 x=a
3kq 2
U
2a
38. Answer (1)
kq
V
x  a2
2
V decreases x
So, U decreases
So, K increases
39. Answer (3)

B
WAB  UB  U A  q0 VB  VA 
WAC  UC  U A  q0 VC  VA  A
As VB – VC C
WAB = WAC
40. Answer (1)
k 100  k 100 
VA  , VB 
a b
a<b
VA > VB
Charge flows from A to B.
41. Answer (3)
+q –q q –q
4kq 2 2kq 2
U1  
a a 2
2kq 2
U2 
a 2
–q +q q –q
4kq 2
4kq 2
U  U2  U1   
a 2 a
kq 2  4  2 2 
W
a
42. Answer (4)
v
q Q
1 kqQ
mv 2 
2 r
1 kqQ
m  2v  
2
2 r
1 r

4 r
r
r 
4
43. Answer (2)
KE = qV
KE = (0.5) (2000) = 1000 J
44. Answer (4)
E
W = qEd cos
1
4   0.2  E  2 
2
E = 20 N/C
45. Answer (3)
>
2 j
E = 10

As charge moves perpendicular to E , no change in energy occurs.
46. Answer (2) 15 V
 4 
5  E 3
 100 
20 V
E = 125 N/C 15 V 4
47. Answer (1) q q
4kq 2 2kq 2
U 
a a 2
W=U q q
48. Answer (4)
In the wires, the charge is 0, Thus final charge = 0

100 –100 100 –100
Thus V = 0
49. Answer (3)

–100 100
6 A 0 3 A 0
C1  
2d d
A 0
C2  A
 d 1 d  1  6
2d  1    1    2
 2 3 2  6 
A 0 A
C2  3 6
 d d 2
2  
 6 12 
A 0
C2 
d
2 
 4
2 A 0
C2 
d
5 A 0
C  C1  C2 
d
50. Answer (2)
1 Q
2
3 12 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7
P Q
4
5
6
7
P
All are in parallel
6 A 0
C net  6C 
d
51. Answer (1)
q1 C1 C2
Cnet  2C
C C
q = 2CV 3C 3C
q1 1 q2 C3 C4

q2 3
V
3q1 = q2
q1 + q2 = 2CV
CV
q1 
2
3CV
q2 
2
52. Answer (2)
2
CAB 
3 A B
2
4 3
Total number of benches  6
2
Total number of capacitors = 6 × 3 = 18
53. Answer (1)
A 0
C
d
6 A 0 2 A 0
C  
2d d
C = 3C
1 1
54. Answer (2) 1
It is balanced W.S.B A B
Cnet = 2 F
1 1
55. Answer (3)
C
t
 
q  CV  1  e RC 
 
t= q = CV
V R
Battery gives CV charge
W = CV2
56. Answer (4)
KC
KC  0   CV
V 
KC  C
CV
V 
C(1  K ) C, V
V
V 
1 K
57. Answer (3)
Cnet = 4F 4 F 4 F
q = 40 F
2 F
W = qV = 40 × 10–6 × 10
10 V
W = 400 J
58. Answer (2)
1
 C   200  2.5  102  0.1  0.4
2
2
2  104 C  1  10
1
C  500 F
2  103

Chapter 18
Current Electricity
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (3)
q = it = 1 × 1 = 1 C
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (1)
V
R T
I
4. Answer (3)
dQ
I  5t 4  2
dt
 i  5  14  2
 i 7A
5. Answer (4)
6. Answer (3)
R 2l
  2  0.2  0.4%
R l
7. Answer (1)
In series P1 : P2 = R1 : R2
=1:2
8. Answer (2)
9. Answer (4)
10. Answer (1)
1 1 m
  
ne ne  e / m  ne2 
11. Answer (1)
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (2)
Solutions of Assignment Current Electricity 115
14. Answer (2)
AB 20 l 2
    l  40 cm
BC 30 100  l 3
15. Answer (1)
 2  4    4  8  72
R AB   4
 2  4  4  8  18
16. Answer (4)
For no deflection
2 3

4 2R
2+R=6
R=4
SECTION - B
1. Answer (2)
Qf  Qi 8  0
I 
t1  ti 20
=4A
2. Answer (3)
dq dL
I 
dt dt
= v
= 3  10–6  2
= 6  10–6
= 6A
3. Answer (1)
I 1 dq
J 
A A dt
–6 –3t
 e
A
–6
  e –3t
4R 2
as t = 0
–6
J
4R 2
3
j 
2R 2
4. Answer (3)
116 Current Electricity Solutions of Assignment
5. Answer (1)
+4 V V' –20 V
20cm
100cm
V L
∵ I ∵R 
R A
then I  Vf – Vi
L
–20 – 4 V – 4
=
100 20
–24 V  – 4

100 20
–4
V   0.8 V
5
6. Answer (2)
7. Answer (3)
8. Answer (4)
R1 = R0[1 + T1] (i)
R2 = R0[1 + T2] … (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii),
T2 = 800 K
9. Answer (4)
∵ P  i2
P2  0  75 i 2 P 2
   0.5625, P  100  (0  75)  1  100  43.75%
P1  i  1
10. Answer (1)

50 W, 10 V
R
90 V
100 V
P 50
Imax    5A
V 10
V 90
R   18
I 5
11. Answer (1)
All the resistors are in series, so current will be same in all resistors
P = i 2R
1
i 4 = 10–3 A
3
250  10
= 1 mA
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (4)
36
The circuit given is balanced wheat stone bridge so effective resistance R  
7
E E
I 
R + r  36 
 7 
 
14. Answer (2)
6 8V
A
4 B 4
A B
2 2
6 8V
8V 8V
86  86
Eeq =
66
2  48
= =8V
12
15. Answer (4)
16. Answer (4)
No current passes through 5 , became there is no path the return the current to cell.
17. Answer (1)

By symmetry no distribution of current at junction of dingle so effective circuit is
So effective circuit is R 8R
3
R R
1 3 3
 
Reff 8R 2R R R
R R
8R
Reff 
15 A A
A R B 2R
3
18. Answer (2)

For balanced Wheatstone bridge,
R1 R3 , 2 Reff 1 1 1
  , Reff  0.8,  
R2 R4 10 4 0.8 4 R
On solving R = 1 
19. Answer (1)
1
Voltmeter reading V   20  10 V
1 1
20. Answer (4)

Balanced Wheatstone bridge.
2
2 1
A B
1 1
1
21. Answer (1)
 4  1  16
V  4 
 4  1 5
v
I1 
R1
 16 
  8
=  5  = A
5
2
22. Answer (1)

IS = I P
2E E

2r  R r
R
2
2E 2E

2r  R r  2R
2r + R = r + 2R
then, r = R
ie, r = 2
23. Answer (1)
V
TB
∵ RT
For A TA
V
m = tan = = RA 
I

RA = tan I
or TA  tan ...(1)
For B
I 1
m = tan= V  R
B
RB = cot
TB  cot
TA tan 
then   tan2 
TB cot 
24. Answer (2)

ER E
V  iR  
Rr r
1
R
25. Answer (4)

Across the cell of 6 resistance.
E
∵ V = E – ir = 0, i 
6
2E E
i  ,R=4
R8 6
26. Answer (3)

E  E  E E E
For reverse polarity, i  
4r 2r
V  E  ir
E 3E
E r 
2r 2
27. Answer (3)

For ideal ammeter its resistance is zero.
20
So Reff = 2 , i   10 A
2
28. Answer (3)

q V it
Farad-ohm = CR     t  T 
V i i
29. Answer (2)

According to K.V.L.
0 + 40 – 4 – 2R – 16 = 0; R = 10 
30. Answer (2)
31. Answer (1)

For same potential difference
i = neAVd,
V
 neAVd
R
VA
 neAVd
l
1
vd  (length of conductor)
l
32. Answer (3)
1
vd  for i = constant
A
33. Answer (3)
m = v ×  = (AL) = constant
1
A
L
then R  L2
2 2
R '  L'   3L 
   9
R  L   L 
R = 9R = 9 × 20 = 180 
34. Answer (3) 5V, 1 R
20,10 m
VAC IRAC
 
L L
2  10 –3  5  20
=  
10 –2
 1  20  R  10
R = 29 
35. Answer (2)
 = l
 IRAC 
=  l
 L 
 5  9
=   2
 1  9  10
= 0.9 V
36. Answer (4)

VAC IRAC
 
L L
 L
I  
 A
=
L
I
 V/m
A
37. Answer (1)
V2
H t  constant
R
tR
38. Answer (4)

i2 R2
E
i
Reff  r
i1 R1
R1R2 R2
Reff  
R1  R2 R
1 2 E r
R1 i
As R1 increases  Reff increases
 i decreases.
39. Answer (2)
∵ VM > VN
40. Answer (3)
E
In steady state i 
2R
E E
V  E  ir  E  R
2R 2
At steady state the charge on capacitor is maximum.
41. Answer (4)
42. Answer (4)

RS = R1 + R2
= (9  3)
43. Answer (1)

l
If R1 = 2 R, then current through R1 is
3
44. Answer (2)
E r 1 Er 2
E E 2E
I 
r1  r2  R r1  r2  R
P.d across second cell R
E, r2
A B
VB – Ir2 + E – VA = 0
VA – VB = E – Ir2 = 0
E = Ir2
2Er2
E
r1  r2  R
R = r2 – r1
45. Answer (3)

For Pmax, Load resistance = internal resistance
R = 2r
(2E )2 E 2
Pmax  
R  2r R
46. Answer (2)
47. Answer (2)
48. Answer (4)
49. Answer (3)
5 1
I 
10 2
1
VA  5   VB  0
2
5
VA   2.5 volt
2
50. Answer (3)
Q = a – bt
dQ
I= =–b
dt
for constant current
H = I 2Rt
= (–b)2 R × t
H = b2Rt
SECTION - C
1. Answer (1)
In balanced bridge (initially) P Q
P l1 G

Q l2
l1 l2
In balanced bridge (finally)

E
P Q Q
 P
l1 l 2
E G
P l1 l1 l2

Q l2
On interchanging galvanometer and battery positions, the balance condition remains unchanged.
2. Answer (2)
(i) All bulbs are glowing
R R
R R
R R
E
R R 2R
Req   
3 3 3
E2 3E 2
Power (Pi )   ...(1)
Req 2R
(ii) Two from section A and one from section B are glowing.
R
R
E
R 3R
Req  R 
2 2
2E 2
Power (Pf )  ...(2)
3R
Pi 3E 2 3R
 9:4
Pf 2R 2E 2
3. Answer (4)
Fuse wire has less melting point so when excess current flows, due to heat produced in it, it melts.
4. Answer (3)
For ideal voltmeter, resistance is infinite and for the ideal ammeter, resistance is zero.
10
V1  i1  10   10  10 volt
10
10
V2  i 2  10   10  10 volt
10
V1 = V2
10 V
i1  i 2  1 A
10 
5. Answer (2)
(47 ± 4.7) k = 47 × 103 ± 10%
 Yellow – Violet – Orange – Silver
6. Answer (1)
E
I ...(i)
nR  R
E
10 I  ...(ii)
R
R
n
Dividing (ii) by (i),

(n  1)R
10 
1 
 n  1 R
 
After solving the equation, n = 10
7. Answer (1)
n 
I 
nr r
So, I is independent of n and I is constant.
I
O
n
8. Answer (3)
R2 l 22 n 2l12
  2
R1 l12 l1
R2
 n 2  R = n2R
R1 2 1
9. Answer (3)
Reading of potentiometer is accurate because during taking reading it does not draw any current from the circuit.
10. Answer (4)
VA – VB = (2 × 2) + 3 + (2 × 1)
=4+3+2=9V
11. Answer (3)
P 500
I    5A
V 100
Voltage across resistance R will be 230 – 100 = 130 V
130
R   26 
5
12. Answer (1)
Potentiometer E  l
E1  E2 50 5
  
E1  E2 10 1
E1 5 1 6 3
   
E2 5 1 4 2
13. Answer (2)
Q  at  bt 2
dQ
I  a  2bt
dt
a
Current will exist till t 
2b
a
t 2b
P   I R dt  2
 (a  2bt ) R dt
2
0 0
a
2b
  (a  4b 2t 2  4abt )R dt
2
a
 t3 t 2  2b a 3R
 a 2t  4b 2  4ab  R 
 3 2 0 6b
14. Answer (3)

E0 r1
E0
Current in potentiometer wire is I 
(r  r1 )
E0 r
Voltage drop across potentiometer wire V0  (r  r )
1
V0 l l L
So, E  Kl  A B
L r
G
E0 rl
E
(r  r1 )L
15. Answer (2)

R = R1 + R2
l +l l l
 = +
σ A σ1A σ 2 A
2σ1 σ 2
 σ=
σ1 + σ 2
16. Answer (2)

30 V
30 V
Reading of Ammeter I =
 40.8    480 || 20 
30 V I 480 
=
 40.8  19.2  
40.8 
20 
= 0.5 A
A
17. Answer (2)
1.5R  3R 1.5R
R ZY  R
1.5  3  R
X R Z Y
R XZ  R ZY  R
3R
 V XZ  VZY
 V A  VB  VC
18. Answer (2)

P.D. across the wire = 1mV/cm × 400 cm
V0 = 0.4 V
0.4 1
Current in the wire I  A A
8 20
V  V0 2  0.4
R   32 
I  1 
 20 
 
19. Answer (2)
  8 2 
Total power loss = 150  
 0.5 
 
640
= 150   19.2 kW
5
20. Answer (2)

When R is not shunted
5 l1
 …(i)
R 100  l1
When R is shunted with R (i.e., a resistance R is connected in parallel)
5 1.6l1

 
…(ii)
R 100  1.6l1
2
Solve (i) and (ii) for R
21. Answer (3)

V 2 V
Potential gradient  k     0.5
l 4 m
When R  , No current will flow through R.
v
So at the balance point
4m
(0.5) (3) = E
 E = 1.5 volt …(i) E G
A D
r
When R = 9.5 
B C
Using KVL in loop ABCD R
E
i …(ii)
Rr
and E – ir = (0.5) (2.85) …(iii)
From (i) E = 1.5 volt and R = 9.5 
Solving (ii) and (iii) r = 0.5 
22. Answer (3)
23. Answer (3)
l
4
A
(2l )
R
 A / 2
4
4
R
R=1
24. Answer (1)
2.1 = 0.2(10 + r)
10.5 = 10 + r
r = 0.5
25. Answer (1)
10 30
30 90
7V 5
7
i A
37
26. Answer (4)

G
500 
12 1
i  A
600 50
100 
12 V VB
1
VB  .100  2 V
50
27. Answer (2)
l1  l 2 l1  l 2 3
 
12l1 12l 2 8
 l1  l2 2 
3 12l1
R1 
12l1l 2 8 l1  l 2
2(l12  l 22  2l1 l 2 )  9
2l12  l 22  5l1l2  0
2l12  4l1l 2  l1l 2  2l 2  0 12l 2

R2 
l1  l 2
2l1  l1  2l 2   l 2 (l1  2l 2 )  0
l1 1

l2 2
28. Answer (3)
25
 25R  R = 0.001 
1000
29. Answer (1)
V2
P
R
P V
2
P V
= 5%
30. Answer (3)

R
100 100
  30
5 R
5
100
 10
R
R = 10  10 V
31. Answer (3)
V = E – ir
E
i
Rr
ER V
V 
Rr
E
V 
r
1
R
32. Answer (4)
36 = i29 i 9
i2 = 4
i=2 i 6
2 6

i1 9
V 2
i1 = 3
V2 = (5) (2) = 10 V
33. Answer (3)
E
Z
2r
E
0.5 
9r
9r
4
2r
8 + 4r = 9 + r
34. Answer (3)
35. Answer (1)
E E

G GS
R
G S
GS
G R
GS
G2
R
GS
36. Answer (2)
37. Answer (2)

R1 2V
R = 12R B
R=2
R2 R 2 2A
VA + 1 + 2 – 2 = VB
1A
VA + 1 = VB
A 1A 2A
VA – VB = –1 V
38. Answer (1)

Both (A) and (B) are correct based on theory.
39. Answer (2)

30
M  1000  100 = 900 
30
40. Answer (2)

1R = kl1
1(R + x) = kl2
x = kl2 – kl1
R = kl1
41. Answer (3)
42. Answer (3)
43. Answer (4)

R
i1 E1 r1
i2 r2 E2
–(i1 + i2)R – i1r1 + E1 = 0
44. Answer (4)

12
10

12
10
6
Rnet   0.6 
10
45. Answer (3)
46. Answer (1)
V

VE
i
V =  – ir
When i = 0, V = 
slope = –r
47. Answer (2)
Let the potential gradient of the potentiometer is k
E = k(110) …(i)
iR = k(100)
E E
i 
R  r 10  r
 E 
  10  k 100 …(ii)
10  r 
divide (i) and (ii)
r=1
48. Answer (3)
1 1l
Al  A '
10
10 A
A' 
11
l
R
A
11l
R' 
100 A
R 100

R ' 121
R ' = 1.21R
49. Answer (1)

4
7A 1A
3
4A 3
P 3 M
0.5 
i N 1
0.5 
7 1.25  7

3i 12
4
i=  3.2 A
1.25
V = 3.2 V
50. Answer (2)
1 4200  80
t
880  60
t = 6.3 minute
51. Answer (1)
3A 2
i1=1.5 4 
1 5
i2=1
3 4
 i1 = 1.5
i1 2
3 6
 i2 = 1
i2 2
P = (12) (5) = 5 W
52. Answer (1)
3 1
i A A
3000 1000
1
1 division = A
30000
20 2
Required  A = A
30000 3000
2 3

3000 3000  R
6000 + 2R = 9000
R = 1500 
53. Answer (4)
6
3
4 18 V
18 2
P   54W
6
54. Answer (1)

55. Answer (2)
Ti = 2Tn
56. Answer (3)
2 2
2 2(6  S)

2 6S
3S = 6 + S
2 S
2S = 6
6
S=3
57. Answer (3)
58. Answer (1)
59. Answer (4)
A
12V 3V
i  4 4
32 8
V
8
i 4 P
 2V
3V
i 8 8 3
8 1
B
3V
2i  i
8 V
V
i
8
V
VP – VA =
2
V
VP – VB =
4
VB > VA
Current flows from B to A
60. Answer (1)
2E E

r1  r2  R r1
2r1 = r1 + r2 + R
R = r1 – r2
61. Answer (4)

2 = i2 8
1 3  i1
1
i'  A  0.5A
2
i
0.5 4
 8  0.5
i1 8
i1 = 1A
P=3W
62. Answer (2)
63. Answer (3)
V
18 V 2
12 V 1 
6
i  2A
3
V = 18 – 2(2)
V = 14 V
64. Answer (2) 2
18 4
Rnet 
5 3
18 6
V i
5
5V
i V
18
65. Answer (3)
66. Answer (1)
R
2
R
Rnet 
4
67. Answer (4)
1 = 52R
1
R  0.04
25
68. Answer (3)
A A A
5 5 5
3 3 3
C
C B 4
B 4 B 4 C
27 32 35
RAB  RBC  RAC 
12 12 12
69. Answer (1)

R  1.17  10
5  100
0.01
R = 0.117 
V = (1) (0.117)
V = 0.117 V
70. Answer (2)
2
 10E 
  rt  ms(10)
 r 
 nE 
  2rt  2ms(10)
 2r 
100(4) 1

2n 2 2
n = 20
71. Answer (1)
72. Answer (4)
(115)2
R
1250
R = 10.58 
73. Answer (2)
2 = 4R
1 P (0.5)
R 
2 10 6
 = 10–6
74. Answer (1)

E
3
3
D
F 3
6 6
3 6 C
3
A
3
B
Rnet = 2 
75. Answer (3)
Cu, Ag, Au
76. Answer (4)
2 2 2
2 A
B
2
Rnet = 2 
77. Answer (1)
l l
3A A
l
 10
3A
l
 30
A
Rnet = 40 
78. Answer (2)
K
t=0
2 100 
i  2 mA 2V
1000 1000 
t= 1 F
2
i  1mA
1000
79. Answer (1)
l
R1 
A
2l
R2  .2
A
l
R3 
2.2a
R3 is least
80. Answer (2)
iG (8)
2
1  iG
2 – 2iG = 8iG
iG = 0.2
i – iG = 0.8 A
81. Answer (4)
x 1

20 80
1
x 
4
82. Answer (3)
V 2
  0.5 V/m
l 4
83. Answer (2)
3 4
A B
6 8
7  14 14
Rnet =  
21 3
84. Answer (3)
5
V  12  .60
100
V = 15 V
85. Answer (4)
86. Answer (1)
 = 10–7
i = 0.1
107 l l
R 6

10 10
l
V  0.1
10
V
 0.01
l
87. Answer (1)

88. Answer (1)
1.8 = 2.2 – ir
ir = 0.4
2.2r
i
5r
2.2
 0.4
5r
22r = 20 + 4r
18r = 20
10
r
9
89. Answer (2)
V2 220  220
Resistance of coil, R = = = 484 
P 100
R R/2
Req = = 121 
4
220  220
P' = 121 = 400 J/s
90. Answer (3) R/2

2
100  200 
 
P  160 
100 25

P 16
P = 64 W
91. Answer (4)
P1 : P2 = R1 : R2 = 1 : 2
92. Answer (2)
(200)2
R40 
40
(200)2
R60 
100
R40 > R60
93. Answer (4)
Series
100  100
P  50 W
200
Parallel
P = 100 + 100 = 200 W
SECTION - D
1. Answer (1)
Current will not flow in capacitor branch. Hence there is no potential drop across 3  resistor.
 Potential across capacitor
V=2V
 Q = CV = 10 F × 2 V = 20 C
2. Answer (1)
Total voltage drop across both capacitors
  
V=  R
R  r 
 Voltage across one capacitor
R
=
2(R  r )
3. Answer (4)
R4
A
R1
B
R2 and R3 are shorted.
R1R4
Hence Req = R  R
1 4
4. Answer (1)
20 V V 4 5V
20  V 5  V V 0
 =
2 4 2 2
2
 V=9V S
 Current through switch 0V
V 0
i = = 4.5 A
2
5. Answer (1)
55 20 1
= 100  20 =
R 4
 R = 220  Option (1) is correct.
6. Answer (2)
Let R be the resistance of each resistor.
R0 = 3R
R be the resistance after closing switch.

7R
R =
3
7 R0 7R0
R =  =
3 3 9
7. Answer (1)
Capacitance offers zero resistance at t = 0.
Hence circuit at t = 0 2
Req = 2 
6
i=
2
=3A
6V 2
8. Answer (1)
9. Answer (3)
10. Answer (2)
11. Answer (1)
A
R
R R
B R
R
3R R
and are parallel.
2 2
1 2 2 8
So, =  
R AB 3R R 3R
3R
RAB =
8
12. Answer (1)
13. Answer (1)
14. Answer (2)
15. Answer (2)
2l
VAB i
iRAB r 2

VBC = iRBC l
i 2
r
 
 2
r 2
2l 2
= 2  4 = =1:2
r l 4
16. Answer (4)
R1 tan 60
R2 = tan 30
l
1
A = 3 = 3
l 1 1
2
A 3
1 3 1 1
2 = 1   2 = 3
17. Answer (4)
18. Answer (3)
Charge flown = area of i – t graph
=2×1–2×1
=0
19. Answer (3)
E
i1 = (when k1 is closed)
2R
E
i2 = (when k2 is closed)
2R
Hence i1 = i2
20. Answer (3)
21. Answer (2)
R1 = 5
R1 + R2 = 10 
 R2 = 5 
22. Answer (1)
Power gets added in parallel.
Hence maximum power = P + P + P
= 3P
23. Answer (3)
Req = 4 
V2 (2)2
P =R  4 = 1 W
eq
24. Answer (3)

R
R
R
A B
R
R
3R R

2 2 3R
RAB = =
2R 8
25. Answer (1)
No current will flow through ammeter as it is not a part of closed circuit.
26. Answer (1)

R =R0(1 + at + bt2)
1 dR
=
R dt
dR
=R0(a + 2bt)
dt
1
 =  R0 (a  2bt )
R0 (1  at  bt 2 )
a  2bt
=
1  at  bt 2
27. Answer (4)
q = Area (I / t)
1
q  .10  15  75 C
2
75
iavg  5A
15
28. Answer (1)
l
R
A
R P l DA
  
R P l A
R = P + R – 2
R = P – 
29. Answer (1)
10 = 9 × 1028 × 1.6 × 10–19 × 10–4 × VD
Solving, we get
V0 = 6.94 × 10–6 m/s

30. Answer (3)
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current.
31. Answer (2) 5

4
12
i  3A 1.5 1.5
4
20 
V4  6V 1.5
2 6
32. Answer (1)
R11 + R22 = 0 3A 12 V
(100) (4.5 × 10–3) = R(5 × 10–2)
0.9 × 10 = R
R=9
33. Answer (2)
If R = 4 , the sequence repeats itself.
34. Answer (2)
2
4
A
2
4
B
Rnet = 3 
35. Answer (1)
2
C C 4
B
4 4
4 3
2
B
A 2 D 2
2 2
2 2
2  net resistance.
36. Answer (2) R2 = R
P = i2R
2i
2 j
4i 4P
P2  R
9 9 R1 = R
1 R = 2R
3
37. Answer (2) 3
2/3 9  6
No current goes through ideal voltmeter
20 
10 
30 V
i 1A 1A
30
A
1/3 30 
4
P . 94W
9 1A 30 V
38. Answer (1)
1 2 4
12 = i2 (3)
i=2 2
3
P' = 12(4) = 4 W
39. Answer (1)
2 3
1 2A
2A 1
3 2
B
VA + 2 – 3 = VB
VA – 1 = VB
VA – VB = 1
40. Answer (1) A
6 = 6i
i=1A 12 V 6V
V = 6 + 4 2 4
B
V = 10
41. Answer (1)
Rnet = 9
V=9V
i=1A
42. Answer (1)

1V 2
1
i   0.25 A
4
VB  0.5  1  1.5  Vc
A B
VB = VC C 2 F
1.5 V
V = 0
q=0
2V 2
43. Answer (3)
R2
R1
R3
A R6 B
R4 R5
R2 and R3  Parallel
44. Answer (1)
10 
VA – 4 – 6 = VB
VA – VB = w
6V
10 = i(2)
8V 4V
i=5A
2
45. Answer (2)
A B
r r r
2r
3
r r r
2r 2r
3 3
Rnet = 2r
46. Answer (3)
5 F 2 M
50
V   10V
5
10 = i(2 × 106) 50 C
i = 5 A
47. Answer (2)
E = 6V
r = 0.5 
R = 0.75 
i = 24 
S(0.5) = P(0.75)
2s = 3p
PSE
i
Sr  PR
3
P  P  6
24   2 
15P
P = 4 rows
S = 6 cells
48. Answer (1) A
E r
E
i r E
R
r
VA – E + ir – E + ir = VB E
VA – E + E – E + E = VB E
r
VA = VB B
49. Answer (1)

5V 1
5 10

Enet = 1 2
1 10 V 2
1
2
Enet = 0 10 
i=0
50. Answer (1)
10 V 3
10 V 3
10 V 3
10 10 10
 
Enet  3 3 3  10 volt
1 1 1
 
3 3 3
51. Answer (2)
0.9 = E – 0.3 r
1 = E – 0.25 r
0.1 = 0.05 r
r=2r
52. Answer (2)
Rnet = 8 
V = 24 V
24 = i(8)
i=3A
53. Answer (1)
0 – 2(1) + 12 – 1(R) – 4(1) = 0
6–R=0
R=6
54. Answer (4)
(15)(30)
Rnet   10 
45
Current through 25  resistance is zero in balanced wheatstone Bridge.
55. Answer (1)
E1 = kl1 k is potential gradient
E2 = kl2
E1 l1 625 25 5
   
E2 l 2 500 20 4
56. Answer (3)
All the internal resistances will be still in series, there will be no impact of polarity on the equivalent resistance.
57. Answer (2)
R
RBC  R, RAB 
4
R 5R
Reff  RAB  RBC  R 
4 4 l, 2r l, r
E 4E C
i  A R/4 B R
Reff 5R
E
VAB  iR AB 
5
4E
VBC  iRBC 
5
K AB : K BC  1: 4
58. Answer (1)
2
E 
P    R k
 2R  A
E2
P
4R
E B
When K is closed C
2E
i
3R
E2
P'  .R
9R 2
E2
P' 
9R
P 9

P' 4
4P
P' 
9
59. Answer (3)
A V
B1 B2
If B2 gets fused, Rnet increases, i decreases, but reading of V remains same.

60. Answer (1)
V2
P
R
V 2  220 
2
R 
P 60
PTotal 
V2  2202  60
Req = =6W
10  220 
2


Aakash Modules Physics Solutions-02

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Chapter 10

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Now from Bernoulli's theorem. A1

from equation of continuity. P = 3 atm v1

12. Answer (4)

15. Answer (3)

16. Answer (2)

17. Answer (2)

Fact (Kinetic energy will increase, pressure energy will decrease)

20. Answer (4)

21. Answer (2)

Rate of flow liquid

F = 2.4 × 105 N, upward (because P1 > P2)

13. Answer (3)

n × 4r3 = 4R3 = 3V ...(1)

Pressure applied on 1 point in a liquid spreads equally

16. Answer (1)

Pressure at 1 and 2 will be same Y X

X gHX = Y gHY + Hg g × 2 8 cm

Solving this we get

Velocity  2ah  v [Using v2 – u2 = 2as]

19. Answer (1)

20. Answer (4)

∵ Apparent weight of steel and aluminium is same

∵ steel > Al

So VAl > Vsteel

Also water VAl g > water Vsteel g

 Force of buoyancy on Aluminium > Force of buoyancy on steel.

Using this condition in equation (1)

weight of Aluminium – weight of steel > 0

 weight of Aluminium > weight of steel

Implies that block will go up and water will go down.

24. Answer (2)

ice × volume of ice × g = water × volume of ice inside water × g

Let volume of ice = V

V  volume inside water

 15.23 = 18.03 + 17.03 + Vmetal g – Vwax g – Vmetal g

31. Answer (1) Fv

Apply Bernoulli's theorem

Equate (i) and (ii)

We get, v  400 m/s

34. Answer (3)

35. Answer (2)

37. Answer (3)

Using this value in formulae

40. Answer (1)

41. Answer (1)

42. Answer (3)

Surface energy = surface tension × surface area

Let the radius of smaller drops be r

And that of bigger drop be R

43. Answer (4)

w gh = 2P0 = 2 Hg g (75 cm)

 = 750 kg/m3

11. Answer (2)

Fnet  a  2gh   a   2agh

20. Answer (4)

Atmospheric pressure = gH h

Solving this equation we get

Total mass (M1  M2 )