the main components in Apache Hadoop YARN, including their main functionality and how they

communicate:

1. Resource Manager (RM):

 Functionality: The Resource Manager is the central authority for resource management
and job scheduling in a YARN cluster.

 Main Functionality:

 Allocates resources to applications based on their resource requirements.

 Manages the overall cluster resource utilization and allocation.

 Schedules applications, allocates containers, and monitors their execution.

 Communication:

 Receives heartbeat messages from NodeManagers to monitor node availability

and resource status.

 Receives resource requests from ApplicationMasters and allocates containers

based on available resources and scheduling policies.

 Communicates with the ApplicationMasters to allocate resources, obtain status

updates, and manage application lifecycles.

2. NodeManager (NM):

 Functionality: NodeManagers are responsible for managing resources on individual

nodes in the cluster and executing and monitoring containers.

 Main Functionality:

 Manages resources (CPU, memory, etc.) on a node and reports status to the
ResourceManager.

 Launches and monitors containers on the node, including managing their

lifecycle.

 Handles container execution, resource isolation, and enforcing resource limits.

 Communication:

 Sends heartbeat messages to the ResourceManager to report node status and

available resources.

 Receives instructions from the ResourceManager to launch containers and

manages container execution.

 Communicates with containers running on the node to monitor their status and
manage their execution.

3. Container:
  Functionality: Containers provide isolated execution environments for running
application tasks on nodes in the cluster.

 Main Functionality:

 Encapsulates resources allocated to an application task, including CPU, memory,

and other resources.

 Provides an isolated environment for task execution, ensuring resource isolation

and management.

 Executes application tasks and communicates status updates to the

NodeManager.

 Communication:

 Receives instructions from the NodeManager to start, monitor, and stop tasks.

 Sends status updates to the NodeManager to report task progress and

completion.

4. ApplicationMaster (AM):

 Functionality: ApplicationMasters are responsible for managing the lifecycle of

applications and coordinating task execution.

 Main Functionality:

 Negotiates resources with the ResourceManager and manages resource

allocation for the application.

 Coordinates task execution, monitors progress, and handles task failures and
retries.

 Communicates with the ResourceManager to request resources, obtain

container allocations, and report application status.

 Communication:

 Submits resource requests to the ResourceManager and negotiates container

allocations.

 Communicates with containers to coordinate task execution and monitor their

status.

 Reports application status updates to the ResourceManager and receives

instructions for resource management.

In summary, the ResourceManager manages cluster-wide resource allocation and job scheduling, while
NodeManagers manage resources and execute containers on individual nodes. Containers provide
isolated execution environments for application tasks, and ApplicationMasters manage application
lifecycles and coordinate task execution. Communication between these components enables efficient
resource management, job scheduling, and task execution in a YARN cluster.