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ch05 Queuing Intro

This document discusses queuing theory and its components. It describes queuing as a process where customers arrive over time, join a queue, and are selected from the queue for service. The key components of a queuing model are the arrival pattern, service pattern, number of servers, and queue discipline. Common examples of queuing systems include traffic intersections, toll booths, and fast food restaurants. Statistics like average wait time and queue length can be analyzed.

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Abdullah Sharifi
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29 views

ch05 Queuing Intro

This document discusses queuing theory and its components. It describes queuing as a process where customers arrive over time, join a queue, and are selected from the queue for service. The key components of a queuing model are the arrival pattern, service pattern, number of servers, and queue discipline. Common examples of queuing systems include traffic intersections, toll booths, and fast food restaurants. Statistics like average wait time and queue length can be analyzed.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Sharifi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Queuing Theory

TTE 4004
Transportation Engineering
Prof. Scott Washburn
Introduction
 Why is examination of queuing
important?
 Because queuing leads to delay
 Motorists do not like delay
 Major implications for design purposes
 Generally have to compromise between
accommodation of queuing and
construction costs
The Basic Queuing Process
 Customers requiring service are generated
over time by an input source
 These customers enter the queuing system
and join a queue
 At certain times, a member of the queue is
selected for service by some rule known as
the queue discipline.
 The required service is then performed for
the customer by the service mechanism,
after which the customer leaves the queuing
system.
Queuing Model Components
 Demand Population/Arrival Pattern
 Queue Discipline
 Service Mechanism/Departure Pattern
 Number of Departure Channels
Demand Population/
Arrival Pattern
 We discussed two possible patterns:
 Equal time headways
 Based on uniform distribution
 Exponentially distributed time headways
 Based on Poisson distribution
Queue Disciplines
 Refers to the order in which members
of the queue are selected for service
 FIFO – first-in first-out
 First customer to arrive is first to depart
 LIFO – last-in first-out
 Last customer into queue is first to leave
 SIRO – service in random order
 Priority
 Customers get served in order of priority
(highest to lowest)
Service Mechanism/
Departure Pattern
 Time elapsed from start to finish of service is
called service time
 Statistical distribution of service times for each
server must be specified
 Might also be customer specific
 Again, potential patterns:
 Equal time headways
 Based on uniform distribution
 Exponentially distributed time headways
 Based on Poisson distribution
 Other
Number of Servers/Departure
Channels
 Single channel/server
 One server for all queued customers
 Multiple channel/server
 Finite number of “identical” servers
operating in a parallel configuration
 Infinite-server
 A server for every customer
 Don’t we wish!
Non-traffic queuing examples
 Single channel/server
 Wendy’s, ATM
 Fast-food drive through
 Multiple channel/server (one arrival channel)
 Bank teller
 Airport check-in counter
 Burger King
 Multiple channel/server (multiple arrival channels)
 Grocery/retail store (Publix, Lowe’s, Wal-Mart)
 McDonald’s
Examples of different queue
disciplines (non-traffic)
 FIFO
 Bank teller line, Wendy’s
 LIFO
 Elevator
 Cafeteria trays
 SIRO
 Teacher calling on raised hands
Examples of different queue
disciplines (non-traffic)
 Priority
 Sinking ship – women and children first
 Hospital waiting room – most injured first
 Getting bumped by “more important”
people (fancy restaurant)
Traffic Queuing Examples
 Left-turn bay length
 Number of approach lanes at a signal
controlled intersection
 Number of toll plaza booths
 Number of border crossing booths
Examples of different queue
disciplines (traffic)
 FIFO
 Traffic signal
 LIFO
 Queue departure behind bus
 Priority
 AWSC intersections
 Individual approaches are FIFO
 Between approaches, there is a priority
 Vehicle on right goes first
Parallel, Serial Queue Systems
 Parallel
 Toll booths
 Retail store checkout
 Some fast food restaurants
 Serial
 Cafeteria across from Weil
 Opening night of a movie
 Ticket line, line to get into theater, line for
snacks
Traffic Queuing Model
Components
 Arrival Pattern
 Service/Departure Pattern
 Number of Departure Channels
 Queue discipline
Queuing Model Notation
 Arrival pattern/departure pattern/# of
departure channels
 alpha/alpha / #
 D for uniform, deterministic
 M for exponential, stochastic
 e.g., D/D/1, M/M/2
Statistics of Interest
 Average queue length
 Average number in system
 Maximum queue length
 Average waiting time in queue
 Average time in system

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