--funciones CADENA

--upper
--lower
--initcap

select * from employees

--upper
select upper(first_name),last_name from employees

select first_name,last_name from employees

where upper(first_name)='JOHN'

--lower
select lower(first_name),last_name from employees

select first_name,last_name from employees

where lower(first_name)='john'

--initcap
select 'ESTO ES UNA PRUEBA' FROM DUAL

select INITCAP('ESTO ES UNA PRUEBA') FROM DUAL

--FUNCIONES DENTRO DE LA CLAUSURA WHERE

SELECT FIRST_NAME FROM employees

WHERE UPPER(FIRST_NAME)='DAVID'

--FUNCIONES CONCATENAR Y ANIDAMIENTO

SELECT FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME FROM employees

SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME FROM employees

--CONCAT
SELECT CONCAT(FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME) FROM employees

SELECT CONCAT(FIRST_NAME,CONCAT(' ',LAST_NAME)) FROM employees

--FUNCIONES LENGTH
SELECT FIRST_NAME,LENGTH(FIRST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT FIRST_NAME,LENGTH(FIRST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE LENGTH(FIRST_NAME)>=5
ORDER BY 2 ASC

--FUNCION SUBSTR

--SUBSTR(EXPRESION,POS,CANT)
--SUBSTRING

SISE
---> SIS SUBSTR("SISE",1,3)
---> ISE SUBSTR("SISE",2,3)

SELECT FIRST_NAME,SUBSTR(FIRST_NAME,1,3) AS "EXTRAER" FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT FIRST_NAME,SUBSTR(FIRST_NAME,1,3) AS "EXTRAER 1" ,SUBSTR(FIRST_NAME,2,3) AS
"EXTRAER 2" FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT FIRST_NAME,SUBSTR(FIRST_NAME,LENGTH(FIRST_NAME),1) FROM EMPLOYEES;

--FUNCION INSTR

SELECT FIRST_NAME,INSTR(FIRST_NAME,'a') from EMPLOYEES;

select FIRST_NAME from EMPLOYEES;

SELECT FIRST_NAME ,INSTR(upper(FIRST_NAME),'A')

FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE iNSTR(UPPER(FIRST_NAME),'A')<>0;

--FUNCION LPAD,RPAD

SELECT FIRST_NAME,RPAD(FIRST_NAME,20,'*') FROM EMPLOYEES

SELECT FIRST_NAME,LPAD(FIRST_NAME,20,'*') FROM EMPLOYEES

--FUNCION LTRIM, RTRIM

SELECT (' DINKAR') FROM DUAL

SELECT LTRIM(' DINKAR') FROM DUAl

SELECT rTRIM('DINKAR ') FROM DUAL

SELECT ltrim(rTRIM(' DINKAR ')) FROM DUAL

---FUNCION REPLACE

SELECT FIRST_NAME,REPLACE(UPPER(FIRST_NAME),'A','*') FROM EMPLOYEES

SELECT FIRST_NAME,RTRIM(FIRST_NAME,'a') FROM EMPLOYEES

---======================FUNCIONES NUMERICAS================
--ROUND,TRUC,MOD,POWER

SELECT ROUND(50.89934,2) FROM DUAL;

SELECT TRUNC(50.89934,2) FROM DUAL;

SELECT MOD(10,3) FROM DUAL;

SELECT POWER(10,2) FROM DUAL;

--==============================FUNCIONES FECHAS

SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL

SELECT SYSDATE+2 FROM DUAL

SELECT SYSDATE-2 FROM DUAL
--MONTH BETWEENS

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT FIRST_NAME,ROUND(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,HIRE_DATE),0) FROM EMPLOYEES;

--ADD_MONTHS
SELECT SYSDATE,ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,3) FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,SYSDATE+90 FROM DUAL

--NEXT_DATE
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'LUN') FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'MAR') FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'JUE') FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'VIE') FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'MIÉ') FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'DOM') FROM DUAL
SELECT SYSDATE,NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'SÁB') FROM DUAL

--LAST DAY
SELECT SYSDATE , LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) FROM DUAL;

--ROUND TRUNC

SELECT SYSDATE , ROUND(SYSDATE,'MONTH') , ROUND(SYSDATE,'YEAR') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE , TRUNC(SYSDATE,'MONTH') , TRUNC(SYSDATE,'YEAR') FROM DUAL;

----FUNCIONES CONVERSIONES

SELECT '22-02-2024' FROM DUAL

SELECT '22'+ 2 FROM DUAL

SELECT ROUND(MONTHS_BETWEEN (SYSDATE,'24-12-2024'),0) FROM DUAL;

--TO_CHAR : (DATE/NUMERO,'FORMATO')

YYYY AÑO EN NUMERO

YEAR AÑO EN TEXTO EN INGLES
MM MES DIS DIGITOS
MONTH MES EN TEXTO
MON ABREV DEL MES
DY ABREV DEL DIA
DAY DIA EN TEXTO
DD NUMERO DEL DIA

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YEAR') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MM') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MONTH') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MON') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DY') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DAY') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD') FROM DUAL;
--
AM
PM
HH 12 HORAS
HH24 24 HORAS
MI MINUTOS
SS SEGUNDOS

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'PM') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MI') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SS') FROM DUAL;
SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SS') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH:MI:SS') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE,TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'"SON LAS " HH24:MI:SS "DEL DIA DE HOY DEL AÑO"
YYYY') FROM DUAL;