Els - Las 1
Els - Las 1
Els - Las 1
Core - The Earth has an inner core and an outer core. Present-day science finds evidence that the
inner core is solid and mainly made of iron (Fe). The outer core, though mostly iron, is liquid or
melted iron due to the extreme heat.
Mantle - This layer is made of rocky materials. Since the temperature of this layer is very high, the
mantle behaves as both liquid and solid. Geologists state that the mantle “flows” because of
convection currents. Convection currents. Convection takes place because the very hot material at
the deepest part of the mantle rises then cools. The cooler material then sinks and becomes
heated from the core. Once heated, the materials rise again, and so on, repeating the cycle of
convection currents.
Crust - This outermost layer of the earth is the one inhabited by humans and other organisms.
Compared to other layers, the crust is thinner and more brittle. It is fragmented into pieces of
various sizes. Large pieces are called tectonic plates.
The Earth system is complex and comprises four major geological subsystems. Many natural
processes arise from the interactions among these subsystems.
1. Choose one of the interactions between spheres and explain how it gives rise to the stated
natural phenomenon. Illustrate with a drawing.
2. Identify the different types of spheres interacting in the following geologic events.
a) Typhoon
b) Tsunami
c) Volcanic eruption
3. Draw and label the layers of the earth. Show the directional flow of convection currents in the
mantle.
4. Is the atmosphere of the earth a permanent fixture, something that cannot change? What would
happen if the atmosphere deteriorates?