NATURE,

ELEMENTS, AND
PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
 At the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:

Recite the definition

of communication

LEARNING
OUTCOMES Explain the importance of
communication
Enumerate the elements
of communication
 Communication
Latin term ‘commūnicāre-
COMMUNICATION to share
act of conveying meaning
to a person or group of
people using a mutually
understood symbols,
gestures, behaviors and
semiotic rules
 it is the act or process
is a process of sharing and
of using words, signs,
conveying messages or
or behaviors to
information from one
express or exchange
person to another within
information or to
and across channels,
express your ideas,
contexts, media, and
thoughts, and feelings
cultures.
to someone else
 ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
Message – the
Communication process is Sender- the source of information, ideas, or
composed of several information or thoughts conveyed
elements, each of which message by the speaker in
offers potential barriers to words or in actions.
successful communication.

Encoding – the process of Channel – the medium or

converting the message into the means, such as personal
words, actions and or non-personal, verbal or
expressions that the non-verbal, in which the
speaker and receiver encoded message is
understand. conveyed.
 ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
Receiver – the
Communication process is Decoding – the process
recipient of the
composed of several of interpreting the
message, or someone
elements, each of which encoded message of the
who decodes the
offers potential barriers to speaker by the receiver
message.
successful communication.

Feedback – the Context – the

reactions, responses,
environment is the
or information
context or
provided by the
situation.
receiver.
 ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
Communication process is
composed of several
elements, each of which Barrier- the factor
offers potential barriers to
successful communication. that affect the
flow of
communication
 THE PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
The process of communication refers to the transmission or
passage of information or message from the sender through a
selected channel to the receiver overcoming barriers that affect
its pace.
The process of communication is a cyclic one as it begins with
the sender and ends with the receiver in the form of feedback.
Communication process consists of certain steps where each
step constitutes the essential of an effective communication.
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS:
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
 Communication Barriers
are something that prevents us from correctly getting
and accepting the messages others use to
communicate their information, thoughts and ideas.

Awareness that miscommunication can arise due to

ethnicity, race gender, age, ability, and other differences
such as religions and lifestyles in the first steps towards
multicultural communication.
A number of communication barriers exist when you are
interacting with people from culture other than your
own.
THE TOP BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
 1. Physical Barriers
are easy to spot – doors that are closed, walls that are
erected, and the distance between people all work
against the goal of effective communication.

2. Perceptual Barriers
internal biases/ own ideas that influence how
we perceive other people, ideas, or events.
 3. Emotional Barriers
a mental block that influences how you
perceive others' actions and prevents you
from clearly communicating your feelings.

4. Cultural Barriers
Different cultures, whether they be a societal culture of
a race or simply the work culture of a company, can
hinder developed communication if two different
cultures clash
 5. Language Barriers
There are often hidden language barriers that we
aren’t always aware of. If you work in an industry that
is heavy in jargon or technical language, care should
be taken to avoid these words when speaking with
someone from outside the industry.

6. Gender Barriers
Men and women tend to form their thoughts differently, and this must be
taken into account when communicating. This difference has to do with
how the brain of each sex is formed during gestation.
7. Interpersonal Barriers
are any negative patterns of behavior that
hinder you from communicating or
discourage others from communicating with
you.
Barriers to Effective International
Communication
 1. Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism assumes our culture or co-
culture is superior to or more important than
others and evaluates all other cultures
against it. The tendency is for that a person
to judge “out-group” culture by using his
norms of his “in-group culture”.
 2. Stereotypes and Prejudices
Stereotyping and being prejudiced against cultural groups are the
main barriers to international communication. The negative of
one group can cause biases and discriminations against the group.
The discriminated group often suffers from being rejected and
avoided in cross- cultural interactions.

3. Stereotypes
Stereotypes are often generalized traits assigned to a group of
people. Stereotypes can be based on race, ethnicity, age, gender,
sexual orientation — almost any characteristic.
 4. Prejudice
Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual
based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group,
such as gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, social class, religion,
sexual orientation, profession, and etc.

5. Assume Similarities
can vary vastly from culture to culture. Those who assume a
person from another cultural background is just like them
will often misread or misinterpret and perhaps even be
offended by any intercultural encounter.
 6. Anxiety
When you are anxious because of not
knowing what you are expected to do, it is
only natural to focus on that feeling and
not be totally present in the
communication transaction.
THANK
YOU!