Chapter 03 Cengel
Chapter 03 Cengel
Chapter 03 Cengel
Fluid Mechanics-I
Pressure
Pressure applied to a
confined fluid increases
the pressure throughout
by the same amount.
In picture, pistons are at
same height:
F1 F2 F2 A2
P1 = P2 → = → =
A1 A2 F1 A1
Example of elevation
head z converted to
velocity head V2/2g.
We'll discuss this in
more detail in Chapter
5 (Bernoulli equation).
Buoyancy force FB is
equal only to the displaced
volume ρfgVdisplaced.
Three scenarios possible
1. ρbody<ρfluid: Floating body
2. ρbody=ρfluid: Neutrally buoyant
3. ρbody>ρfluid: Sinking body
In Cartesian coordinates: ∂P ∂P ∂P
− ρ ax ,
= −ρ ay ,
= − ρ ( g + ax )
=
∂x ∂y ∂z
− ρ ax dx − ρ gdz
dP =
P2 − P1 =− ρ ax ( x2 − x1 ) − ρ g ( z2 − z1 )
=dP ρ rω 2 dr − ρ gdz
On an isobar, dP = 0
dzisobar rω 2 ω2 2
= → zisobar = r + C1
dr g 2g
Same methodology as
Hydrostatic testing in water.
What are the ramifications of
using air?
Density of air is 1/1000th of
water.
Temperature dependence of
air.
Measurement of small volumes.
Used by NCAA Wrestling (there
is a BodPod on PSU campus).