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Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communication

Conference Paper · December 2017

DOI: 10.14257/astl.2017.147.41

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 Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017), pp.296-304
http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2017.147.41

Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch

Antenna for Wireless Communication

Konika Wanjari1, Rajasi Gawande1, Shruti Dhruv1, Radhika Deshmukh1,

1
Purval Raut1, Chaitali Dhongade and Kanchan Wagh2
1EngineeringStudent,

St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engineering and Technology, Electronics and

Telecommunication, Nagpur
2Assistant Professor Electronics and Telecommunication,

SVPCET, Nagpur

Abstract. In this paper a microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate on

2.4Ghz microwave frequency for wireless application. The projected antenna is
designed and simulated on CST STUDIOSUITE simulation software. It
achieves return loss below -10dBbyusing FR-4 lossy substrate with the
permittivity of εr =4.3. In this analysis we have also achieved the antenna
parameters such as VSWR, Input impedance, Radiation pattern, Directivity,
Gain,3D polar plot. Hence this antenna is highly suitable for applications such
as wifi, zigbee, medical applications, satellite and other wireless application
Keywords: Inset-fed, Patch antenna, Resonance frequency.

1 Introduction

An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating
current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending
or receiving radio transmissions. [4] Antennas play an important role in the operation
of all radio equipment. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that carry signals
through air at the speed of light without any transmission loss. Antennas can be omni-
directional, directional or arbitrary. They are used in wireless local area networks,
mobile telephony and satellite communication.

1.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna

Microstrip antenna consists of very small conducting patch built on a ground plane
separated by dielectric substrate. This patch is generally made of conducting material
such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. The radiating patch and the
feed lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric substrate. The conducting patch,
theoretically, can be designed of any shape like square, triangular, circular,
rectangular, however rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly
used. In this project Square Microstrip Patch antenna is used. Some of the other
configurations used are very complex to analyze and require large numerical

ISSN: 2287-1233 ASTL

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 Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)

computations. However, Microstrip antenna has a drawback of low bandwidth and

low gain. The bandwidth can be increased by cutting slots and stacking configuration
and Gain can be increased by using different patch elements in an array to achieve
maximum radiation characteristics. In its most fundamental form, a Micro strip patch
antennae consist of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a
ground plane on the other side is illustrated in figure1.

Advantages:
1.Low fabrication cost, hence can be in quantities
2.Low cost, less size
3.Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces
4.High Performance
5.Light Weight and Low Volume

Disadvantages:
1. Lower gain (Nearly6dB).
2. Low efficiency.
3. Low power handling capacity.

Fig. 1. Structure of Microstrip Patch Antenna

1.2 Feeding Techniques of Microstrip Antennas

The four most popular feed techniques used are the microstrip line, coaxial probe
(both contacting schemes), aperture coupling and proximity coupling (both non
contacting schemes).

A) Microstrip (Offset Microstrip) Line Feed

In this type of feed technique a conducting strip is connected directly to the edge of
the microstrip patch. The conducting strip is smaller in width as compared to the
patch. This kind of feed arrangement has the advantage that the feed can be etched on
the same can be incorporated in to the patch in order to obtain good impedance

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matching without the need for any additional matching element. This is achieved by
properly controlling the inset position.

B) CoaxialFeed

The Coaxial feed or probe feed is one of the most common techniques used for
feeding microstrip patchantenn as. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector
extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer
conductor is connected to the ground plane.

C) Aperture Coupled Feed

In aperture coupling the radiating microstrip patch element is etched on the top of the
antenna substrate, and the microstrip feed line is etched on the bottom of the feed
substrate in order to obtain aperture coupling. The thickness and dielectric constants
of these two substrates may thus be chosen independently to optimize the distinct
electrical functions of radiation and circuitry.

D) Proximity Coupled Feed

This type of feed technique is also called as the electromagnetic coupling scheme.
Two dielectric substrates are used such that the feedline is between the two substrates
and the radiating patch is on top of the upper substrate. The main advantage of this
feed technique is that it eliminates spurious feed radiation and provides very high
bandwidth of about13%, due to increase in the electrical thickness of the microstrip
patch antenna.

2 Design Methodology

An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating
current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending
or receiving radio transmissions

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 Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)

Steps:

1. Calculate Width of the antenna(W):

(1)

2. Calculate Effective dielectric constant:

(2)

3. Calculate Effective Length:

(3)

4. Calculate Length of Antenna:

(4)

Fig. 2. Design of patch antenna in CST Studio Suit

3 Results and Discussions

Figure 3 shows the simulated result of return loss and resonanceoccursat2.404GHz

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Fig. 3. S11 parameter Vs Frequency plot

The voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed microstrip antenna has
VSWR value of 1.558 for 2.404GHz is shown in the Fig.4.

Fig. 4. VSWRVs Frequency plot

Figure 5 illustrates the 3Dradiation patterns of proposed antenna in polar form.

Fig. 5. 3DRadiationPattern

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Fig. 6. Polar Plot

Table 1. Results Parameters of Inset Feed Antenna

Sr.No. Parameters Values

1 S-Parameter -13.21dB

2 VSWR 1.55

3 Directivity 2.994dBi

4 Input Impedance 42.19dB

4 Antenna with Slot

Fig. 7. Micro strip antenna with slot

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5 Result and Discussions

Fig. 8. Voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed microstrip antenna has VSWR
value of 1.528 for 2.3202 GHz

The voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed microstrip antenna has
VSWR value of 1.528 for 2.3202 GHz is shown in the Fig.8.

Fig. 9. VSWRVs Frequency plot

Fig. 9. illustrates the 3D radiation patterns of proposed antenna in polar form.

Fig. 10. 3D Radiation Pattern

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 Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)

Fig. 11. Polar plot

Table 2. Results Parameters of Antenna with Slot

Sr.No. Parameters Values

Return loss
1 -13.6dB
2 VSWR 1.528

3 Directivity 3.02dBi
4 Input Impedance 45.874dB

6 Conclusion

1. Rectangular patch antenna with Slot at 2.4 GHz with -13.21 dB return loss is
designed on CST STUDIO SUITE. The designed antenna has VSWR of value 1.55.
The gain of the antenna is also shown using the polar plot. The designed antenna is
suitable for applications such as Wifi Zigbee, Medical Applications, Satellite
communication and other wireless applications.
2. Rectangular patch antenna with Slot at 2.4 GHz with -13.60 dB return loss is
designed on CST STUDIO SUITE. The designed antenna has VSWR of value 1.528.
The gain of the antenna is also shown using the polar plot. The designed antenna is
suitable for applications such as Radar antennas, for the sector antenna used for cell
phones base stations etc.

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References

1. Kanchan Wagh, “Microstrip Array Antenna and Beamforming Algorithm for Phased
Array Radar”, International journal of Advanced Research in Education & Tecgnology
Volume 2 Issue 3 ISSN 2394-2975, pp-148-151.
2. PriyaUpadhyay, Richa Sharma “Design And Study Of Inset Feed Square Microstrip Patch
Antenna For S- Band Applicationr” International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management WebSite: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected],
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013.
3. C. A. Balamis (2005) Antenna Theory: analysis and design (3rd ed.).
4. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology Volume4 Issue 8
August2013, ISSN:2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org “Micro strip Patch Antenna for
2.4 GHZ Wireless Applications” Pradeep Kumar, Neha Thakur, Aman Sanghi 1)
Assistant Professor, Department of 2)Mtech Student, Department of ECE, NGF College
of Engineering and Technology, Palwal 3) Assistant Professor,Department of ECE,NGF
College of Engineering & Tech, Palwal New Delhi, IndiaECE, DITMR, Faridabad

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