Liceo de Cagayan University NP BLVD, Kasoaga Rod, Copan Je Oo Ciy 70 , ‘eo. 3)an344 (OID) $5810 09 fal 216 te NAME: tlica &. Siguiente DATE: 2/08/2007 SECTION: STEM 8 = GRAoE GROUP #:5 Experiment No. 1 COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS (Freezing Point Depression) Colligative properties of solutions depend upon the concentration of solute particles. The freezing points of water solutions are always lower than that of pure water. The change in freezing point caused by the presence of a solute dissolved in water can be calculated from the equation aTi= (K)emy( where Kr is the molal freezing point depression constant (1.86°C/m for water), m the molality of the solution, and i is the number of particles produced per formula unit. Molality oles of solute/kg solvent Since colligative properties depend upon the number of particles in solution, a one molal solution of an electrolyte (NaCl), which dissociates in water, lowers the freezing point more than a one molal solution of a non-electrolyte (sticrose). The freezing point of a one molal solution of NaCl is actually -3.37°C, only 1.81 times that of a nonelectrolyte, not the -3.62°C that would be expected if NaCl were completely dissociated. This difference is believed to be due to the interionic attractions that prevent the ions from behaving as totally independent particles. Some of the ions may exist as solvated units called ion pairs. The more dilute the solution of an electrolyte, the more widely separated the ions, the less the interionic attractions, and the closer the effective concentration of the ions approaches the actual concentration. In the first part of the experiment, various solutes are added to water and the resultant freezing points of the solutions are determined. The value of i, dissolved particles per formula unit, is calculated. In the second part, the molar mass of commercial antifreeze is determined,In this experiment, you will observe the following: 1. Determine Freezing Points of Solutions 2, To determine the Molar Mass from Freezing Point Depression 3. To calculate the Molalities of a compound MATERIALS: test tubes Sucrose or table sugar (CyH2:01:) 400-mL beaker Sodium chloride or table salt (NaCl) stirring rod crushed ice 100-mL graduated cylinder thermometer NOTE: Materials highlighted in red will be brought by the students per group. PROCEDURE: A. PREPARATION OF ICE BATH 1. Fill the large beaker 3/4 full with ice. 2. Cover the ice with 1/4 to 1/2 inches of table salt. 3. Stir this ice-salt mixture with a stirring rod and make sure the temperature drops to at least -10°C. B, DETERMINATION OF FREI 'S OF 1. Prepare a solution of NaCI by adding 5.8 grams of NaCl to 100-mL of water. Mix until all the crystals dissolve. 2. Prepare a solution of sucrose by adding 34 grams of sucrose to 100-ml of water. Mix until all the crystals dissolve. 3. Place a half-filled test tube of water in the ice bath. 4, Stir the water in the test tube gently with a thermometer while keeping track of the temperature. 5. When the first ice crystals appear on the inside wall of the test tube, record the temperature. This should be the freezing point of the liquid. (In this step, water is the pure solvent.) 6. Repeat steps 3-5 with the prepared NaCl and sucrose solutions. 7, Calculate the molalities of the NaCl and sucrose solutions. 8. Using the equation AT= (K){m){i), determine the value of i, where i is the number of particles produced per formula unit and K,for water = 1.86°C/m.Guide Questions for the Activity I- Determination of Freezing Points of Solutions 1. Fill in your observations during the experiment on the freezing point using the table below. Sodium Chloride Sucrose Time Temperature | Observation _| Temperature _| Observation : 5 ce ergivays To] 6% visi 1 minute te SR | 5° Ng vive : = Howe foe wastet | ow Fore Small 3 minutes -5'¢ ere ger luclore. crystal forma : : Tompieke Frotumd| Complehe Freez 5 minutes 10° shbncepation | 2G uitie coud roe “hh 2. Based on your activity, what is the freezing point of sodium chloride? The freezing point of sodium Uhloride is - be. 3. Based on your activity, what is the freezing point of sucrose? The feering point of sucrose is -II'c. 4, Explain how you were able to identify the freezing points of sodium chloride and sucrose. We idenuisved the freezing points by observing when ice crystals began to form im the solutions rindicaring the Qerut at whith We solution reached the freering point Leompornttre-5, The freezing point of water is 0.0°C. Do you think the freezing point of water increases or decreases when added with solutes? Explain why. the Freering paint deacases when solutes are added because the pruence of Solus dismupts whe orderly arrangement of war molecules, making rb more difiud+ for wem 60 form solid Tee crystals: 6. Calculate the molalities of NaCl 7. Calculate the molalities of sucrose. 8, Using the equation, AT= (K)(m)(i), determine the value of i, where i is the number of particles produced per formula unit and K,for water = 1.86°C/m. Conclusion (INDIVIDUAL ANSWERS) to sum up while folowing Hae given directives And using Yee supplied Attar ts, wehavw suuteded im Huding out He mimics pf Nall aud suwose solu- tions. Meaning Hhat fr Nal You haus br get the fering priut depression conshant (KE) mass of solute and Solvent ity coucideration - Alsy when demMing wit Sarogts 9We nol d ue Heese Game PUAWEHES In order fh cokpure its wo loriiy.©) Given? mass of water: (W0mL Frevuing point depression constant KE) for water, -186% /jy Temperature, uwangts, Aminate - 0% Souimmey {S°C) S rmtwuuey= (“10°%e) Required: Motarity of NaCl Equakon: ATb=ixm x Kb Solution» For | min: ATb = 0% - 0% = D'c For mings ATb= py -(-$%) = SC For Gwing: DTb= 0% -(-(0%) = [0% 4 min® 0% =2¥m ¥~ | BUG [m > m= _0' = 0 5 mins’ a [0° Lem ¥x- 1.86% lm —pyn = Jor = lO 204 -Qx-186Clm 3.2m molkeg 3 mins! See Leimy “180% Im em =_S6 & |34 E mo dvd ayn Wel 7 rere i) Pre molality of Nal are He following: 4 minke - Omal/kq 3 minutes ~ | 34 molleg T minwity ~ 1-04 mol (kg Or |1) Motality of suunse Given: Handawd vawe Of Ke for water: “l8b Olny Wry of Alene: (00 We t mig: - 5% y rumpuncture Doning 2> 10% Sewing» ilo aoe Hegptited, + Moladitics wh Anrene Equation: Albeixmykh Solution * Amin B ming T ming BTb=Tye-Ty StpeT$-Ty OTbe ty -T; = Gloe-o4)= “0% 2 (-lle= 0%)? 1% FSO )ES To Kelvin * A main: Dbl) = ~S+219-S=20$. ISK 3 ming | OTbLK) = “10 + 275.15 = 409. (SK G mins: ATb(K)= “T2749 15 = LD. IS use the KE valve: 1 win F ning T wins = SEEK Gl YU [0% 2 1 Beem — Wer Olen mz Sto f-teurdln | “10% [- 1 BG telnw | Ms =U [= LY me 264m a ge ms 5.4m Hague? the WalAdities pf SW Sov aur me iutoyval aw as folios: A maint: 2-04 in BMY: ©. 38 yy, C miter: Cal wy,I 8) Given: Ke for wate = ~1 Ble "ole Mass Of solvent = b0mL Required Determine Hae valve OF I Equation: TH (KE) Lim) Solution: fl i renprange Hoo equadion since wore looking on! For Nac Tre D'o Tea -St ATaTS ~The ~ 8% pe - CU For swose: Wepre Tee CU OTate oT = 10° 0% = - 10% Calanating i for caw solute: @ vad i= OT / (Ke ven) 2 Este) (1 8U'Cim x BLKeg) =Lu- $b @ Suwese Ar [Ces xm) =(Jo%) (El u elm x0. 1kg) ao 32-10 Answer: For Sodium Unboride , the value of i (S Approximately 2C-56- For Suunre, Hae Value of | 15 appiosi y woite.