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    Covalent Bonds (2.3.1) CIE IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes 2023 Save My Exams

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    gkrauel
    Covalent bonds form when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. Only non-metal elements form covalent bonds. This allows each atom to gain a full outer shell of electrons like a noble gas. When atoms share electrons they form molecules. Dot-and-cross diagrams show how atoms share electrons in simple molecules using dots for one atom and crosses for the other. Many simple molecules form when two atoms share one pair of electrons in a single covalent bond. Examples include H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3, and HCl.

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    Covalent Bonds (2.3.1) CIE IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes 2023 Save My Exams

    Uploaded by

    gkrauel
    24 views1 page
    Covalent bonds form when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. Only non-metal elements form covalent bonds. This allows each atom to gain a full outer shell of electrons like a noble gas. When atoms share electrons they form molecules. Dot-and-cross diagrams show how atoms share electrons in simple molecules using dots for one atom and crosses for the other. Many simple molecules form when two atoms share one pair of electrons in a single covalent bond. Examples include H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3, and HCl.

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    Covalent bonds form when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. Only non-metal elements form covalent bonds. This allows each atom to gain a full outer shell of electrons like a noble gas. When atoms share electrons they form molecules. Dot-and-cross diagrams show how atoms share electrons in simple molecules using dots for one atom and crosses for the other. Many simple molecules form when two atoms share one pair of electrons in a single covalent bond. Examples include H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3, and HCl.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views1 page

    Covalent Bonds (2.3.1) CIE IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes 2023 Save My Exams

    Uploaded by

    gkrauel
    Covalent bonds form when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. Only non-metal elements form covalent bonds. This allows each atom to gain a full outer shell of electrons like a noble gas. When atoms share electrons they form molecules. Dot-and-cross diagrams show how atoms share electrons in simple molecules using dots for one atom and crosses for the other. Many simple molecules form when two atoms share one pair of electrons in a single covalent bond. Examples include H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3, and HCl.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    GCSE  IGCSE  AS  A Level  O Level  Pre U  IB  Log in Join now

    CIE IGCSE Chemistry


     Revision Notes

    Home / IGCSE / Chemistry / CIE / Revision Notes / 2. Atoms, Elements & Compounds / 2.3 Simple Molecules & Covalent Bonds / 2.3.1 Covalent Bonds

    2.3.1 Covalent Bonds 1. STATES OF MATTER

     DOWNLOAD PDF TEST YOURSELF


    2. ATOMS, ELEMENTS &
    COMPOUNDS

    2.1 Atomic Structure & the


    Periodic Table

    2.2 Ions & Ionic Bonds

    2.3 Simple Molecules &


    Covalent Bonds

    2.3.1 Covalent Bonds

    2.3.2 Molecules &


    Compounds
    00:56

    2.3.3 Properties of Simple


    Molecular Compounds

    2.4 Giant Structures


    The Formation of Covalent Bonds

    Covalent compounds
    3. STOICHIOMETRY
    Covalent compounds are formed when pairs of electrons are shared
    between atoms
    Only non-metal elements participate in covalent bonding 4. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
    As in ionic bonding, each atom gains a full outer shell of electrons, giving
    them a noble gas electronic configuration
    When two or more atoms are covalently bonded together, we describe 5. CHEMICAL ENERGETICS

    them as ‘molecules’
    Dot-and-cross diagrams can be used to show the electric configurations in
    6. CHEMICAL REACTIONS
    simple molecules
    Electrons from one atom are represented by a dot, and the electrons of the
    other atom are represented by a cross
    7. ACIDS, BASES & SALTS
    The electron shells of each atom in the molecule overlap and the shared
    electrons are shown in the area of overlap
    The dot-and-cross diagram of the molecule shows clearly which atom each
    8. THE PERIODIC TABLE
    electron originated from

    9. METALS

    10. CHEMISTRY OF THE


    ENVIRONMENT

    11. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    12. EXPERIMENTAL
    TECHNIQUES &
    CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

    Diagram showing how a covalent bond forms between two chlorine atoms


    Exam Tip
    When drawing dot-and-cross diagrams for covalent compounds,
    make sure that the electron shell for each atom is full (remember that
    the 1st shell can only hold 2 electrons).

    Single Covalent Bonds

    Many simple molecules exist in which two adjacent atoms share one pair of
    electrons, also known as a single covalent bond (or single bond)

    Common Examples of Simple Molecules

    Hydrogen:
    Feedback

    Chlorine:

    Water:

    Methane:

    Ammonia:

    Hydrogen chloride:

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    Author: Caroline
    Caroline graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in Chemistry and Molecular Physics. She spent several
    years working as an Industrial Chemist in the automotive industry before retraining to teach. Caroline has over 12 years of
    experience teaching GCSE and A Level Chemistry and is passionate about creating high-quality resources to help students
    achieve their full potential.

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