] LONG 16 .| a) Eapiain shie tools of Honogement Accounting ne Sols of jmanagemen Accounting are * \) Financial Planning vy Analysis 0f fivianciol ctaterments vay Historical cost. fccounn* 14 iy —- Budgetary comro\ yy Skardond costing - wy OH avg’ nal coshing. vil) Decision Recounting - 1] Financial Planning: th Fhe financial planning pechnique ithe managers plan $0 advarte the primary objective of the orgamizotion. Not only this, but it also involves delerseiiring The parocedunes that will be used $6 achieve ghot objective - This, lechnique is usejul as it identifier the complete | jinoncial vtatas of jhe comyplany: Financial a geporare fopric with wide i | | | vii) Revaluation Accounting - | Planning 1s Plossibi lilies -ii) | jjunction of {piwocess of e@ | lstaternent | iti)} | | { | | | Cost Accounting « |danget Peformance pudgets jhe: ane Ute Financial Statement Analysis * Analysis 1S another crucial Financial statement ahd? the rhanagement accounting - valualing girvarteial doka cuch os wo statement » inc ome \pe wn gorecosting the ce Of the cheet , cast jie ete. Ib also he Aikion and Treypormmon balance yuture COM organisation. tg isfovical: cost accounting Hictorical dato about ihe the historical data ig then compored fp ; As ihe rome sugges invol\ves gathering the cost involved it each job - collected wr this dechinique the pivesent Stordord costs - Rudgetary Control: Rudgelary control rmiearis conixels Of costs with Help of bud gels. ‘Jn it various bud get ane predetermined “then actual with ihe bub eed he. is compared dasa fool fox planning and control.vi dbandard (obing So Slandad costing ts very signi technique scent by cyshemate is used ticontt cot control device undey qhis are determined Ww advorice ysuany chandard conbing analysers pudgetory contvol $07 ehye along with tive icomttvol operations. j vi) lHanginal Coding ° Hanainal costing means the o and is effect OF bas |due to changes xhe volume ond type |} oviput Hangino\ coshing peckiniques is 7 tin tak liahly usejul go the management in "a aie tel f tivation, pra’! g\ decision yike price j 7 vmake ov b¥Y components. } | | | | | ceartoinmment | oy! £ {of Maxgi nal costs lyovious Vik iPlanning- soles trix y Hecision Haking” Decision mokiry is an important task oF monogement Decisions 00 ca pira\ expenditure, whether to make o7 ©Ud: ustmat price to be rorged and other important maiters may es by the employment of devs oj costs | i | |laccountitg. syaluation Accouriting : ‘ viii) Ae is also Krown as seplacement 6% price Level accounting . vt is Auggested as a tool lyo combinad ter the e}fecks Of inflation on laccounting valwes © 74 Jhis dechmigue she vnils ane expressed in fers Of curvent - Funckions of Honagerent Accounting: The functions of management Accounting , ave; i) -Psesentation of Bato. Gi) Aid of planning and "forecasting - ii) Help in Suganising. iy Decision Hakirig- Eyackive control - vip Commiurication of Management policies. =_ “{nconponation and mon- financial vir) Infor maHon-ix) Motivating ¢orployecs i)] Preseridagion of nla: hadifional . ona Qn ssilem p oft and Joss Account and the n i treet ant mol analvtical fon dectsi . raking ¢ i h Geel sion ad Management accounting mmo dipies and aed dala as pim the 1&6 uise mers JO* ecision making ghaough vanious fechni ques Aid 94 planning and gorecastinig: unblng is helpful yo manage planning yhrough ghre pechni ques a etandard costing: merit Hanagerrent Acco an The process of of budgeted conprol ae with ectablighmentt 0 individual yim and jixing et pye Ww ye work. \n Organising Oaganisi'g is concerted aie among ayocnt |yncludes aoiegaton of qut honity yes pron HOEY: AIL these activities © vional Jat seliing op an ©} iii) | Flelp yoctive ov Decision Haking! Mara ement accoun tin a campo native® data i jovi pretation Jor efject iv cn jo analysis and into i isi ive decision making\\ < a vii) viii £ jective ‘Conbyols 1 ““glandayd costing ond Penfosmanse (Communicafion 0} Mana M anagement | ‘the martagement fesonal epjectively accoun Syatonporation of non: Managemen financial and developing alterriat Jeads wpfective Coond irra fon: The dangels oF did} to them non- ve Communica ted nesplec fed jime. jor proper im bE Accoun and acura to the tmianage are budgetary controle These ererit aceounting- jintegral part of manag fectinigues lay dow jaygets. comspia ¥ actuals will siandard and budge! jo evaluate the and contyol ‘The deviations. ament Policies: fing convey! tf downward Ne policies jhe plementa Hon: inancial dnformnation nsiders both int poration for achon which te decistons- J hing CO. inancial Counse of nent depart ments ave nd their perpormante is ment from time to et axX a hte jon o} budg Motivating émypiloyees: Budgels ystaridads and ofher programmers ane Jo hye implemented in prachee by the lama prloyer’ A maser obsective of rrarragement Accourding is 10 determine thie angels in f cbs, utandands ao employees Paognammer in, auch @ feels mrotivaled 0 how accounting matios ane explain classipied . classification Of Ratios: Profitability Ratios ° e Aetumn on Jrivestrment 6 Nek Pnogit Ratio 6 Gynoss pnogzit Ratio 9 txpenses Rattos. 6 Operating Prop it Rakio Ele ---ii) Turnover &alios © Stock “Turnover | 6 eltons “Turriovey | Ad Nwe 7 | 6 Cnedftore Turnover @ honking Jur riover. pixed Aasels Turnover Glo: D2 & ii) | Financial Ratios (ov) Aolvarity Ratios ' | shot form Solvency: | @ Cunnent Ratios. | Liquidity Ratios . | 6 Cash position Ratios. Jong germ Solvency: © proprietary Ratio. 6 Hebl- & uity Ratio 6 Fixed Assets Ratio 6 Capital ayean ing watio ke:b) | caleal af peyout &alio and kelained ist hath il ; dad Favenings katios : | 6 : x | Act profit apie Jax god i | Ax perence tiudend | 000 X04" ving | 0b x lo | = L200. x (00 gol 000 estes of barninigs pier shave; [Act pagjit 40000 -) |Paovision for tax 5 000_ Fropit afte 10x 5000. ~) | Preference dividend 2000. wet profit after 7000» jax and preperenté — dividend: i') felained Larnings 7 Hoyil apie jax Gilt and pocperence = Gin’ dividen alividend ~ , 000 - 1800 ~ 1800 AE = Retained Garmings wel iad x 100 @ ADF ayer an and ple ne divdend - 1800. po - 607: £000Opt voting dalic dol é mojid and | . of} 19. aot iPavti calars 3 ing stock 000 1a 10,000 Te Eros pay iteld 79000 4, No1e00 Te Salavies F000 [To Aent 6000 [lo ST 100 [To Depreci ion 000 To other Expenses 2000+ o Advertisin "J00- 500 To Travelling bxp Te Operating py fit peng vesee_ 0741 000_ d ki To doss on a ne To gen Jor a x “Jo Nel Progitelel L Ee Jose Accourtl for the year Endod port culays 7 sales 1/0000 PgiesRebon ee 000 By ated 14.000 14101000. By gross pep" bid ~ 29000 at 000 By opieratin “pwait hid | 15400 By dividend ecclved 12h By Palopri on cale of fixed Avetsa) | Operating Aatio: | Operating Aatro * (os! | é | Operating Expenses j Cost of sales | operating Raho Operating Prof it fatio: Bpieoling Profit Rai Gjnoss prog Gatio : Gyross pepe Ratio ~ of Sales 4 Operating Exper x00 Nef} Aales Gp ass profit - oprerating Doyit qo00 ~ 13800 « “FZ 15 a0o. Sale - GP 96000 ~ 2900 - 61000 67000 + 1500 100 96000 Sa 800 x yop = gh be). 96 000 Hy - operating Profit rpg Nel Aales ‘13800. x10 - 14°38) 1600 Gress Propit Gress Pree cio Nok Aales _& 9000 16000 X 100 = 30071 ‘}.d | Wet pr} tA: OO”tS”*~CS~S oo Nel poofet Kalid - Akl Profit 5160 Nel Sales + $500 ying so 65S: 4b 000 6) dole stock ~Twnover Ratio: \4 | stock Tuanover Aatio - (oc of ales Average Atock. Cast st sales = IF 44% Average stock = pprening 1 closing stock fd 2 = 4000 4 7000 - 4 0 ok stock furriover Rahs = oe = 3.4stimes i) Fixed Angels Junriover Katio : rare ~ cod of ales | Aales Fined Assets Oncol of = HO 301 times . Sales 5000= | | Br sales MST eg a dines: | 4000 ii) | Cebdtons Juinover Katio Cecil Sales DIR | RG ee | Avevage Account Receivables Wt G34 a st $89 times. 2000 4)01000 | Credit sales: sales 17874 ~)\s5 Return « _ 4 14, 840 Accounts Receivables * Debtors + Bills Receivables 7 000 4 10,000 = 12000. Debt collection poried . Honths in the yea DTR = 12, 1499 = gtmonths. (er) ce - Days in The Year DTR > epra “1 4ry a4 sdayeSs Cuediloas “Tarrtover Kaho: CTR = Credit Caedit puachases Average Aaounts playable yehase Return lCneclit puwhases Purchase - Pu es 14495 Accounts payable : creditors furriover pP Lebt pragimerd period in months “ CTR. = 6.40 months 15000 Creditos 7 Bik Paya ble p00 + 3000 8000. = 147995 Ae = 1.894: 000 t Months in @ year Id \ 994 ; (ox) year in the year Pays CTR ee 195 days. nod