Use this resource to learn Basketball Rules, Terminology and Definitions categorized in alphabetical order.

If you are looking for a term that’s not here, contact us and let us know.
I also need to recommend Coach Turner’s Hoops Terms Compendium where you will find nearly 500 terms and
definitions — from the ‘normal’ basketball terms to the slang expressions! Coach Turner has put together a fantastic
resource!
Alternating-possession rule:
The possession arrow changes direction after each held ball situation, alternating which team gets possession of the ball
Assist:
A pass that immediately precedes and sets up a scored basket.
Ball handler:
The player with the ball; usually the point guard at the start of a play.
Bank shot:
A shot where the ball is first bounced (or banked) off the backboard at such an angle that it then
drops into the basket.
Bench Points:
The number of points scored during a game from players that began the game on the bench. All points scored
by non-starters.
Blocked shot:
The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket, thereby preventing a
field goal.
Blocking:
The use of a defender’s body position to illegally prevent an opponent’s advance; the opposite of charging.
Carrying the ball:
Also called “palming;” a violation committed by a dribbler that involves placing the dribbling hand under the
ball and momentarily holding or carrying it while dribbling.
Center:
Also called the “pivot player;” an offensive position typically played by a tall player who plays mainly in the
key areas (at the post).
Center court circle:
The circular area at midcourt from which jump balls are taken.
Crossover dribble:
A dribble in which the ball is moved from one hand to the other while the dribbler changes directions.
Cut:
A quick movement by an offensive player to elude an opponent or to receive the ball.
Cylinder:
The imaginary area directly above the basket where goaltending or basket interference can occur.
Dead ball:
Occurs whenever the whistle blows to stop play and after a field goal, but before the opponent gains possession
of the ball.
Defense:
The team not in possession of the ball whose objective is to keep the opponent from scoring; also a specific
pattern of play used by a defending team.
Defensive rebound:
A rebound of an opponent’s missed shot.
Double team:
A defensive tactic in which two defenders temporarily guard one player.
Downcourt or down the court:
The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt into its frontcourt and towards its own basket.
Dribble or dribbling:
Process by which a player repeatedly bounces the ball off the floor so that it returns to his/her possession. It’s
the only legal means by which a single player may move the ball across the court.
Drive:
A quick dribble directly to the basket in an effort to score.
Dunk:
When a player close to the basket jumps and strongly throws the ball down into it; an athletic, creative shot used
to intimidate opponents.
Elbow:
A term often used to indicate the area of the court where the free-throw line and side of the key meet.
Elbowing:
It is a violation if a player vigorously or excessively swings his elbows, even if there is no contact; it is a foul if
contact is made.
End line:
See ‘baseline’.
Established position:
When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor before an offensive player’s head and
shoulder get past him; the offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging.
4-point play:
A made 3-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.
Fake or feint:
A deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player to shoot or receive a pass;
players use their eyes, head or any other part of the body to trick an opponent.
Fastbreak:
An offensive strategy in which a team attempts to move the ball downcourt and into scoring position as quickly
as possible so that the defense is outnumbered and does not have time to set up.
Field goal:
A basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or three points depending on the distance of the
attempt from the basket.
Flagrant foul:
Unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
Forward:
An offensive position played to the sides of the basket near the key area and out toward the sideline along the
baseline.
Foul (also referred to as ‘personal foul’):
A violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player.
Foul line:
See “Free-throw line.”
Foul shot:
See “Free-throw.”
Free throw:
An unguarded shot taken from behind the free-throw line after a foul. If successful, the shot counts one point.
Free-throw lane:
Also called the “key” or “lane;” a 12-foot wide area extending from the baseline to the free-throw line. Players
may not be in this area during a free-throw attempt.
High percentage shot:
A shot that is likely to go in the basket, such as a layup.
High post:
An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane at the elbow / free-throw line extended area.
Inbounds:
The area within the baselines and sidelines of the court; also the act of bringing the ball into this area by means
of a throw-in.
Incidental contact:
Minor contact usually overlooked by officials.
Inside shooting:
Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
Intentional foul:
A personal foul that the official judges to be premeditated.
Layup or layin:
A shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard towards the basket.
Loose ball:
A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
Low post:
An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane close to the basket.
Lower percentage shot:
A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, such as one thrown by a player who is off balance or outside his
shooting range.
Man-to-man defense:
A team defense in which each player is assigned to guard a particular opponent.
Offense:
The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured pattern of play that a team uses while
attempting to score.
Offensive rebound:
A rebound of a team’s own missed shot.
Officials:
The referees who control the game, stop and start play, and impose penalties for violations and fouls.
One-and-one:
The “bonus” free-throw situation awarded for non-shooting fouls after the opposing team exceeds a certain
number of team fouls in a half. The person fouled shoots one free throw; if successful, the shooter takes a
second shot.
Out of bounds:
The area outside of and including the end lines and sidelines.
Overtime:
An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation game.
Palming:
See “Carrying the ball.”
Pass:
An intentional throw to a teammate.
Passer:
The player who passes the ball to a teammate.
Any quarter, half or overtime segment.
Perimeter:
The area beyond the foul circle away from the basket, including 3-point line, from which players take long-
range shots.
Personal foul:
Contact between players that may result in injury or provide one team with an unfair advantage; players may
not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent; these are also counted as team fouls.
Pick:
See “Screen or Screener”
Pick and Roll:
A play in which an offensive player sets a pick for the dribbler, then cuts off that pick, or ‘rolls’, toward the
basket looking for a pass from the dribbler for a shot.
Pick-up games:
Impromptu games played among players who just met.
Pivot:
A footwork technique in which a player keeps one foot in contact with a “spot” on the floor while moving the
other foot to adjust the position of the body or to evade a defensive player.
Point guard:
An offensive position played by a guard who usually brings the ball up the court and initiates the offense.
Possession:
To be holding or in control of the ball.
Possession arrow:
Used to determine which team’s turn it is to inbounds the ball to begin a period or in a held ball situation.
Post:
An offensive position played close to the basket along the key.
Press:
An aggressive defense that attempts to force the opponents to make errors by guarding them closely from either
half court, three-quarter court or full court.
Quadruple double:
A triple double with double-digits scored in 4 categories.
Rebound:
The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot.
Run:
Occurs when one team scores several field goals in quick succession while its opponents score few or none.
Scoring opportunity:
When a player gets open for a shot that is likely to score.
Screen or screener:
The offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the chance to take
an open shot.
Scrimmage:
An unofficial game between two teams, or five-on-five play between team members in a practice situation.
Shot clock:
A clock that limits the time a team with the ball has to shoot it; 24 seconds in the NBA; in college, 35 seconds
for men, 30 seconds for women.
Shooter:
A player who takes a shot at the basket.
Shooter’s roll or shooter’s touch:
The ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the basket.
Shooting range:
The distance from which a player is likely to make his shots.
Sidelines:
2 boundary lines that run the length of the court.
Sixth man:
The best substitute on a team; usually the first player to come off the bench to replace a starter.
Slam dunk:
See “dunk.”
Squaring up:
When a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a shot; considered good shooting
position.
Substitute:
A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
Swing man:
A player who can play both the guard and forward positions.
3-point play:
A made 2-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.
3 seconds:
A violation in which an offensive player remains within the key for more than three seconds at a time.
Team fouls:
Each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes over the limit, its
opponent is awarded free-throw opportunities.
Technical foul:
A foul that does not involve contact with an opponent; a foul that involves unsportsmanlike conduct by a player,
coach or non-player; or a contact foul committed by a player while the ball is dead.
Ten-second line:
The mid-court line over which the offensive team must advance the ball from the backcourt within 10 seconds
to avoid a violation.
Three-point field goal:
A made basket from a distance greater than 19 feet and nine inches during a high school or college game.
Three-on-two:
A common fastbreak situation in which three offensive players attempt to score on two defenders.
Timeout:
When play is temporarily suspended by an official or at the request of a team to respond to an injured player or
discuss strategy.
Transition:
The shift from offense to defense, and vice versa.
Traveling:
A violation occurring when a player with the ball takes a step without dribbling (moving the established pivot
foot).
Triple double:
When a player scores double-digits in 3 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds are most
common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility.
Triple Threat Position:
Triple threat is an offensive position a player can use who has not dribbled yet. The offensive player stands with
knees flexed, feet slightly wider than shoulder width, and both hands on the basketball. From this position, the
offensive player can either shoot, dribble, or pass to a teammate … thereby being a ‘triple threat’ with the
basketball.
Turnover:
A loss of possession of the ball by means of an error or violation.
Upset:
When a higher-seeded (better) team loses to a lower-seeded (inferior) one.
Violation:
An infringement of the rules that’s not a foul. The penalty for a violation is the awarding of the ball to the
opponent.
Weakside:
The side of the court away from the ball.
Zone defense:
A team defense in which each player is responsible for defending an area of the court and the opponents within
that area.
Zone offense:
An offensive pattern of play designed to attack (score against) a particular zone defense.