Embedded System Design

CSC 504
Professor Anupam Basu,
Professor Debasis Nandi,
Dr. Bibhash Sen
Dr. Sandip Karmakar,
Dr. Jaydeep Howlader,
Dr. Mousumi Saha
 Unit Details Faculty
Introduction to embedded System, Modular approach to embedded
system design using six-box approach: Input devices, output devices,
UNIT-1 embedded computer, communication block, host and storage BS
elements, and power supply., Processor, General Purpose and ASICs
Processor, Designing a single purpose processor, Optimization Issues
Introduction to FPGA, Behavioral synthesis on FPGA using
UNIT-2 JH
VHDL/Verilog
Microcontroller based embedded system Design, Salient feature of
UNIT-3 modern microcontroller, Arduino Uno, Serial Communication and SK
Timer, Controller Design using Arduino
Sensors and Signals, Discretization of signals and A/D Converter,
UNIT-4 Quantization Noise, SNR and A/D converter, DSP Application and DN
address generation Unit (It will be covered after unit 5)
Power Aware Embedded System, SD and DD Algorithm, Parallel
UNIT-5 SK
operations and VLIW, Code efficiency,
Real time operating system, RMS Algorithm, EDF Algorithm and
UNIT-6 SK
resource constraint issue, Priority inversion and Priority inheritance
Modelling and specification, FSM and state chart, state mate
UNIT-7 SK
semantics, Program state machine, SDL, Data flow model
Hardware synthesis, Scheduling, Digital camera design, Digital
UNIT-8 camera-iterative design, HW-SW partitioning, Optimization, SK/MS
Simulation, Formal verification
Frank Vahid & Peter Marwedel Daniel D. Gajski,
Tony Givergis Samar Abdi,
Andreas Gerstlauer,
Gunar Schirner
 This course will introduce
• The fundamental requirements of embedded systems and the interaction between
hardware and software in such systems.
• The course will discuss some basic steps of hardware design, introduce ASIPs, ASICs
and FPGAs.
• Very important issue of designing for less power consumption.
• Since many of the embedded systems will have real time constraints, basic issues of
real time operating systems will be discussed.
• Formal specification models and languages,
• Mapping the specification to hardware and software components along with
decisions on design tradeoffs and hardware software partitioning.
• Synthesis of hardware and software along with a few of the optimization techniques
will be presented.
• The course will end with a brief overview of design verification methods that are
adopted for embedded system design
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Definition: An Embedded System is one that has
computer hardware with software embedded in it as
one of its important components. Its software embeds in
ROM (Read Only
Memory). It does not need
secondary memories as in
a computer

SOFTWARE PROGRAM
#include <16f876a.h>
#use delay (clock=20000000)
#byte PORTB=6

HARDWARE main()
{
set_tris_b(0);
portb=255; //decimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0x55; //hexadecimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0b10101010; //binary
delay_ms(500); 6
}
 AtoD
DtoA
Converter
Processing
[Micro C/P]
Sensors Actuator

Other system
COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• It has Hardware
Processor, Timers, Interrupt controller, I/O Devices, Memories, Ports,
etc.

• It has main Application Software

• It has Real Time Operating System (RTOS)

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

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 EMBEDDED SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS
An embedded system is software designed to keep in view three
constraints:

– Available system memory

– Available processor speed

– The need to limit the power dissipation

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What makes embedded systems different?
• Real-time operation
• size
• cost
• time
• reliability
• safety
• energy
• security

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 CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1. Small Scale Embedded System

2. Medium Scale Embedded System

3. Sophisticated Embedded System

• Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.

• Little hardware and software complexity.

• They May even be battery operated.

• Usually “C” is used for developing these system.

• The need to limit power dissipation when system is running

Programming tools:
Editor, Assembler and Cross Assembler

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 MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• Single or few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers or Digital Signal Processors

• Both hardware and software complexity.

Programming tools:
RTOS, Source code Engineering Tool, Simulator, Debugger
and Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

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 SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEM

• Enormous hardware and software complexity

• Which may need scalable processor or configurable processor

• Constrained by the processing speed available in their hardware

Programming Tools:
For these systems may not be readily available at a
reasonable cost or may not be available at all. A compiler or
retargetable compiler might have to br developed for this.
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Up to Introduction Class

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 Transformational
component

Reactive
component

Reactive system, Transformational System