ENRICHMENT TASK

Text for number 1 to 3

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in
mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
There are four basic types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and
activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely “up,” elated, and energized behavior (known as
manic episodes) to very sad, “down,” or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Less severe manic
periods are known as hypomanic episodes.
People with bipolar disorder experience periods of unusually intense emotion, changes in sleep patterns
and activity levels, and unusual behaviors. These distinct periods are called “mood episodes.” Mood episodes are
drastically different from the moods and behaviors that are typical for the person. Extreme changes in energy,
activity, and sleep go along with mood episodes.
Sometimes a mood episode includes symptoms of both manic and depressive symptoms. This is called
an episode with mixed features. People experiencing an episode with mixed features may feel very sad, empty,
or hopeless, while at the same time feeling extremely energized.
Bipolar disorder can be present even when mood swings are less extreme. For example, some people
with bipolar disorder experience hypomania, a less severe form of mania. During a hypomanic episode, an
individual may feel very good, be highly productive, and function well. The person may not feel that anything is
wrong, but family and friends may recognize the mood swings and/or changes in activity levels as possible
bipolar disorder. Without proper treatment, people with hypomania may develop severe mania or depression.

Penjelasan:
Pada paragraf pertama membahas tentang pengertian dari penyakit bipolar yang merupakan penyakit mental.
Lalu, pada paragraf kedua membahas tentang tipe-tipe penyakit bipolar. Terakhir, pada paragraf ketiga hingga
kelima membahas tentang gejala yang diderita orang yang memiliki penyakit bipolar.

Adapted from : http://nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml

1. What is the topic of the passage?

A. Manic-Depressive illness
B. Brain disorder episodes
C. "Up" and "down" periods of moods
D. Moods changes during depression
E. Emotional problems for bipolar disorder

Topik dari teks di atas adalah (A) Manic-Depressive illnes atau biasa disebut penyakit bipolar. Pada paragraf
pertama membahasa definisi, akibat, dan jenis-jenis penyakit bipolar. Sementara paragraf kedua hingga ketiga,
membahasa apa yang dirasakan oleh penderita.

2. The word "intense" in line 7 means...

A. non-stop
B. broad
C. constant
D. tough
E. strong

Arti kata “intense” pada kalimat 7 adalah (E) strong, yang memiliki arti kuat. Karena penderita bipolar
merupakan orang yang sensitif dan berlebihan dalam emosinya.

3. One of the symptoms of manic episodes is feeling ....

A. very lively
B. extremely happy
C. really powerful
D. unusually strong
E. awfully active
Salah satu gejala manic episodes adalah (E) awfully active yang memiliki arti berlebihan aktif. Karena, dalam
teks dijelaskan bahwa gejalanya adalah memiliki energi tinggi energized yang memiliki sinonim active.

Text for number 4.

There are two crucial points on the topic of education and training of future educational psychologists.
They are the space and context of the school/educational psychologist’s performance and the
psychology undergraduate course curriculum. On the first point, it is understood and defended that
there is a big difference between being an educational psychologist on the staff of a school and acting
as a school psychologist in a private office outside the institution. Even though the profession is
defined by education (degree) and the purpose of the work (responding to school’s demands), it is
understood that the local/position in which the professional stands make a big difference in the role of
its actions. Consequently, different elements are required in the process of the individual’s
education/training, such as: knowledge about educational policies, organization, and laws; training to
deal with institution dynamic and continued education, etc.
On the second point, it is defended that the school environment and the whole structure that delimits
this space should be considered when choosing disciplines and the method of knowledge construction
for undergraduate curricula design, thereby expanding the professional’s insight into other knowledge
fields, such as education and politics, among others. About the curriculum related to the performance of
educational psychologists outside (as consultants or autonomous professionals) and inside the school
(as part of the teacher/functionary board), a discussion is proposed between the professional practice
and the reflections enabled by the application of the Network of Meanings concept, which may show,
among others, connections between elements.
Adapted from: http://ac.els-cdn.com
Penjelasan:
Paragraf pertama membahas mengenai kinerja psikolog pendidikan terkait ruang dan konteks, yakni
bekerja di sekolah atau bekerja sebagai profesional di luar sekolah atau institusi pendidikan. Paragraf
kedua membahas mengenai desain kurikulum sarjana psikologi yang seharusnya mempertimbangkan
batasan-batasan yang muncul dari bekerja di lingkungan sekolah.
4. The passage is mainly concerned with…
A. psychological elements in education
B. important points of education and training
C. the work of educational psychologists
D. educational policies for psychologists
E. educational psychologists’ education and train
Teks di atas kebanyakan membahas tentang (E) educational psychologists’ education and train.
Paragraf tersebut membahas mengenai dua poin penting dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog
pendidikan di masa yang akan datang. Paragraf pertama membahas mengenai kinerja psikolog
pendidikan terkait ruang dan konteks, yakni bekerja di sekolah atau bekerja sebagai profesional di luar
sekolah atau institusi pendidikan. Paragraf kedua membahas mengenai desain kurikulum sarjana
psikologi yang seharusnya mempertimbangkan batasan-batasan yang muncul dari bekerja di
lingkungan sekolah. Jadi, teks tersebut membahas mengenai pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog
pendidikan
Text for number 5
Before engineers dreamed of eliminating drivers in cars, they imagined eliminating the side
mirrors. Now a long-sought solution looks closer to finally stripping cars of side mirrors. Many
automakers demonstrate video systems that replace the Mickey Mouse ears with cameras. Continental,
a major part, and systems supplier to automakers, was one of them.
In a customized Mercedes-Benz CLS, Continental demonstrated how its system would work.
Thumb-size video cameras on the exterior of the car replace the side-mounted mirrors and use interior
screens on the left and right side of the dashboard to deliver views of what is next to and behind the car.
The screens are near where a driver would normally look to check a mirror, and the camera views are
wider than what a physical mirror can provide, eliminating blind spots along the side of the car. The
cameras, which can automatically adjust to reduce glare from sunlight or increase brightness at night,
are also helpful in tight parking spots.
Technology suppliers hope that regulations requiring old-fashioned physical mirrors will be
amended. Philipp Hoffmann, BMW’s project manager for camera monitor systems expected to begin
road testing of the mirrorless systems in Europe this year, quickly followed by additional testing in
Asia. He remained hopeful that the United States would follow soon.
He may have a good reason to be optimistic. Daimler AG, parent company of Mercedes-Benz,
is already testing a couple of autonomous tractor-trailers in Nevada that use large high-definition
screens instead of side mirrors. Also, BMW recently received an exemption from the Transportation
Department in the U.S. to allow it to deploy an automatic parking feature that enables a BMW 7 Series
car to park itself, while the driver stands on the curb. It is a feature the company demonstrated only a
year ago.
Using cameras instead of physical mirrors could also end dangling damaged mirrors. To replace
a typical mirror can be expensive as much as $946 on a 2015 Acura RLX, according to the insurance
institute. However, Mr. McConnell at Continental noted potential savings in building cars that no
longer need the structural support for side-mounted mirrors.

Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/05/automobiles/end-of-the-road-may-be-near-for-

side-mirrors.html

Penjelasan:
Paragraf 1 membahas tentang pengujian desain spion menggunakan sistem video yang menggunakan
kamera
Paragraf 2 membahas tentang memperlihatkan bagaimana sistem spion kamera video bekerja. Kalimat
terakhir paragraf ke-3 membahas mengenai harapan Philipp Hoffman, selaku manajer BMW, agar
sistem tanpa kaca spion ini bisa diuji coba di Amerika Serikat.
Paragraf ke-4 menunjukkan alasan-alasan mengapa Hoffman dapat bersikap optimis akan harapannya
tersebut. Salah satu alasan itu adalah perusahaan induk Mercedes-Benz, yakni Daimler AG telah
menguji truk trailer yang menggunakan layar – bukan spion – di Nevada, Amerika Serikat.

5. How is the last sentence of paragraph 3 related to paragraph 4?

A. The last sentence of paragraph 3 describes the regulation in implementing the technology in the
U.S. and the following paragraph elaborates it.
B. The sentence discusses the possibility for the technology to be implemented in the U.S. and the
following paragraph explains the reason for the possibility.
C. The sentence states Philipp Hoffman’s idea about eliminating drivers in car and the following
paragraph elaborates the idea.
D. Paragraph 4 provides an example to support the idea about the implementation of Mercedes-
Benz technology mentioned in the previous sentence.
E. Paragraph 4 explicates Continental’s sense of optimism provided in the last sentence of
paragraph 3.
Kalimat terakhir pada paragraf 3 bisa nyambung pada paragraf 4 karena (B) The sentence discusses the
possibility for the technology to be implemented in the U.S. and the following paragraph explains the
reason for the possibility. Kalimat terakhir paragraf ke-3 membahas mengenai harapan Philipp
Hoffman, selaku manajer BMW, agar sistem tanpa kaca spion ini bisa diuji coba di Amerika Serikat.
Paragraf ke-4 menunjukkan alasan-alasan mengapa Hoffman dapat bersikap optimis akan harapannya
tersebut. Salah satu alasan itu adalah perusahaan induk Mercedes-Benz, yakni Daimler AG telah
menguji truk trailer yang menggunakan layar – bukan spion – di Nevada, Amerika Serikat. Jadi,
hubungan kalimat terakhir paragraf ke-3 dengan paragraf ke-4 adalah the sentence discusses the
possibility for the technology to be implemented in the U.S. and the following paragraph explain the
reasons for the possibility
Text for number 6
The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the
construction industry. Today’s buzzwords, which include global warming and zero emission, are
causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing environmentally
friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health and the
well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being
designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada is one
of these communities. Its goal is to become the world’s first zero-emissions neighborhood.
Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They
ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior building
materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo
wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow.
 Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not
only do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and
hot water, but they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that
homeowners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space
by investing in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility metres. Studies show that
people use approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition,
water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account.
Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local
suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions.
Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the
community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will
use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

Adapted from: http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/lyn/level-c/ecocommunities-dockside-green/

Penjelasan:
Paragraf 1 membahas tentang properti ramah lingkungan adalah investasi properti yang baik terutama
untuk mereka yang peduli akan kesehatan lingkungan dan dirinya.
Paragraf 2 membahas tentang Desain bangunannya pun ramah lingkungan. Menggunakan material
alami seperti bambu dan bahan bangunan yang tidak beracun.
Paragraf 3 membahas tentang Sistem pemukiman Dockside Green mendorong penghuni lebih hemat
dalam menggunakan energi.
Paragraf 4 membahas tentang Dockside Green menggunakan kembali 90% limbah konstruksinya
sehingga menurunkan jumlah emisi ke lingkungan.

6. The false idea that the author may hold about Dockside Green is that…
A. It is where more natural living can exist.
B. It provides all eco-friendly properties.
C. It encourages all houses to utilize efficient energy.
D. It is a good asset to buy a property in it.
E. It reduces global warming and emissions.
Kesalahpahaman yang mungkin timbul dari penjelasan penulis mengenai Dockside Green adalah (A) It
is where more natural living can exist. Yang berarti lokasi tersebut merupakan tempat di mana lebih
banyak kehidupan alami dapat terwujud.
Text for number 7 to 8
Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, it is then important for us to know how to
do it. The best way to begin a spring cleanse, and to optimize results, is to incorporate cleansing and
alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanicals, and mind-body healing practices into a gentle program. They
also allow healing and transformation to spring forth naturally.
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy, every season correlates to
different “elements” or organ systems in the body. For example, winter correlates with the water
element and the kidneys/bladder system. From a Western naturopathic perspective, cold weather can
put stress on your adrenal and thyroid glands. As a result, the blood becomes more acidic and there is a
buildup of lactic acid. This can lead to sluggishness, muscle and joint pain, and arthritis.
Both Eastern and Western naturopathic medical systems agree that the transition from winter to
spring offers an ideal opportunity to shed extra weight. It is also a good time to gently cleanse
accumulated toxins from the body. This excess buildup can be the result of numerous factors. The main
causes include unhealthy diet, poor digestion, lack of exercise, winter dehydration, normal metabolic
processes, and environmental pollution.
In TCM, spring corresponds to the liver and the gallbladder. A gentle spring cleanse effectively
supports the liver’s vital detoxification processes. It also eliminates toxins stored in organs and tissues,
helps shed excess weight, alkalizes the body, and gets your circulation and energy moving. Digestion is
improved and inflammation is reduced. Moreover, blood sugar is balanced and immune functions
better.
A cleansing diet is the most critical component of any detoxification program. Animal protein,
particularly red meat, should be minimized during a cleanse. It emphasizes lighter, organic plant-based
proteins that are easier for the body to digest. Below are the critical components of a detox diet which
can help improve digestion and enhance detoxification, resulting in greater energy and vitality.
Adapted from: http://innergardensprings.com/igs-blog/archives/06-2016

Penjelasan:
paragraf 1 membahas tentang detoksifikasi bukan hanya mengenai mengubah ragam makanan,
melainkan juga melakukan praktik penyembuhan pikiran dan tubuh. paragraf 2 membahas tentang
setiap musim berkorelasi dengan "elemen" atau sistem organ yang berbeda dalam tubuh.
paragraf 3 membahas tentang waktu paling tepat untuk melaksanakan detoksifikasi musim semi adalah
pada fase pergantian musim dari musim dingin ke musim semi. paragraf 4 membahas tentang
membantu menurunkan berat badan berlebih, membuat tubuh lebih bersifat alkali atau basa, dan lebih
melancarkan peredaran darah serta energi.

7. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy believes that seasonal detoxification is a
crucial practice for a holistic mind-body healing. This is because every season correlates to our
body differently. According to this philosophy, our body is craving for a spring cleanse every
year, and we must listen to our body.
B. Seasonal detoxification should be done during the transition from winter to spring since it is the
right time to get rid of toxins, shed extra weight and alkalize the body. To do this, people should
incorporate cleansing and organic plant-based diet and combine them with mind-body healing
practices.
C. To obtain the best outcome for health, a detoxification program can only be done during winter
of spring for three days up to three weeks. An effective way to do this is by combining
cleansing and alkaline foods with light exercises.
D. To achieve the best result, a detoxification program needs to be done in between April and May.
To do this, people need to combine cleansing with an alkaline-based diet that relies heavily on
organic foods.
E. Cleansing and alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanical and mind-body healing practices are the
foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine. To incorporate a TCM philosophy, every person
must do a fast-cleansing program in the spring.
Kesimpulan terbaik dalan teks di atas yaitu (B) Seasonal detoxification should be done during the
transition from winter to spring since it is the right time to get rid of toxins, shed extra weight and
alkalize the body. To do this, people should incorporate cleansing and organic plant-based diet and
combine them with mind-body healing advantage yang berarti Detoksifikasi berdasarkan musim
harus dilaksanakan pada masa pergantian musim dingin ke musim semi karena pada waktu tersebut
adalah waktu yang tepat untuk menyingkirkan racun, membuang kelebihan berat badan, dan
membasakan tubuh. Untuk melakukan hal ini, masyarakat harus menggabungkan antara
detoksifikasi dengan makanan berasal dari tumbuhan serta mengombinasikan keduanya dengan
praktik penyembuhan pikiran dan tubuh.
8. About seasonal detoxification, which topic does the paragraph preceding the passage most likely
discuss?
A. its process
B. its side effect
C. its origin
D. its definition
E. its advantage

Topik yang sering didiskusikan adalah (E) its advantage artinya kelebihan atau keuntungan dari
detoksifikasi. Jadi, berdasarkan kutipan paragraf ini, maka paragraf yang mendahului teks tersebut pasti
membahas mengenai keuntungan detoksifikasi (its advantage) Karena Kalimat pertama di paragraf ke-
1 berbunyi, “Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, …” (setelah mengetahui keuntungan
dari detoksifikasi berdasarkan musim,…).

Text for number 9.

In the ultra-competitive world of professional sports, victory is measured in fractions of time
and distance. The difference in performance between two elite athletes amounts to less than one
percent. Consequently, professional athletes take great interest in ergogenic aids, which refer to any
technique or substance used to enhance performance. Common legal ergogenic aids include
multivitamin supplements and hypoxic training.
 Recently, the ability of brain stimulation to enhance sports performance has become an
expanding focus of academic study. In an October 2017 article titled “Bilateral extracephalic
transcranial direct current stimulation improves endurance performance in healthy individuals,” Angius
and co-authors used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of brain stimulation, to
improve endurance in 12 healthy, active adults during 10-minute cycling sessions.
Both before and after tDCS, the researchers assessed neuromuscular performance by measuring
time to task failure among participants engaged in cycling sessions. They found that placing the anodes
over both motor cortices augments endurance performance. In other words, cyclists who received
anodal stimulation biked longer before quitting than did those under the cathodal and sham conditions.
In addition to observing changes in corticospinal excitability in those receiving anodal stimulation, the
researchers found that their ratings of perceived exertion were also lower. The researchers suggest “the
increase in endurance performance might be the result of higher excitability of the motor cortex leading
to a reduction in perception of effort.”
Certain stakeholders have high hopes for tDCS that extend past sports performance and include
training adaptations and neuroplasticity. To date, only four other studies have examined the effects of
tDCS on measures of endurance. Nevertheless, the results of the current study are encouraging and
could help bolster the spread of tDCS among professional athletes.
Currently, the Halo Sport, a wearable neurostimulation device, which looks like a pair of
headphones and leverages tDCS technology, is becoming popular among NFL athletes, MLB at
Olympic athletes, and more. The device promises improvements in strength, skill, speed, and
endurance.
Taken from: http://www.psychologytoday.com
Penjelasan:
Paragraf 1, In the ultra competitive world of professional sports, victory is measured in fractions of
time and distance. Kalimat ini memberikan petunjuk bahwa teks membahas tentang dunia olahraga,
khususnya perolehan kemenangan dalam olahraga profesional. Paragraf 2, Recently, the ability of
brain stimulation to enhance sports performance has become an expanding focus of academic study.
Terdapat frasa kunci brain stimulation to enhance sport performance. Hal ini berarti bahwa secara
spesifik teks ini akan membahas tentang bagaimana cara meningkatkan performa olahraga melalui
stimulasi otak. Adapun paragraf ketiga sampai keenam menjelaskan mengenai teknis/penelitian tentang
stimulasi otak yang dimaksud. Jadi, topik teks ini adalah mengenai enhancing athletic performance by
brain stimulation.
9. The text above mainly informs readers about…
A. enhancing athletic performance by brain stimulation
B. wearable devices to stimulate athlete’s speed
C. gaps in athletic performance
D. improving athlete’s ability through extensive brain training
E. measuring athletic victory with brain stimulation
Teks di atas memberi informasi pada pembaca tentang (A) enchancing athletic performance by brain
sstimulation. Sebenarnya, dari hanya memerhatikan dua paragraf ini, sudah bisa menjawab pertanyaan
pada soal. Teks ini secara keseluruhan membicarakan tentang cara meningkatkan performa atlet
melalui stimulasi otak.
Text for number 10
Interdependence is a psychosocial concept that sees closeness as the key to all relationships; it
has long been an important concept in family systems, although its application in young adulthood has
not been as well studied. But interdependence is increasingly being viewed as an alternative endpoint to
maturity. This is an important distinction, reverberating through social science, lifespan psychology,
cross-cultural studies, and developmental theories. It’s also particularly germane to consider now, at a
time when over 35% of 18–34-year-olds in America, across all income levels still live with their
parents: In Italy, courts have found that even self-supporting adults, like their 30-year-old lawyer son
who brought the action, have a right to remain under the family roof!
Interdependence may be a natural outgrowth of the boomers’ parenting style, which stressed
relatability, emotional openness, and an attempt at greater authenticity with its kids; how they feel—
their happiness—is more important than what they accomplish. Its key dynamic is mutuality, which is
the characteristic most associated with well-functioning households where two or more generations of
adults lives together, establishes a template for the continued coherence of the family. There’s
something in it for everyone; companionship, affection, support, help of all kinds, an antidote to
loneliness.
 “Just being there to give or get a hug, especially on a bad day,” one parent reports. “Help with
the top half of the sandwich, my own mother,” says another. “I can afford to live on my own, but why
should I? Here I’m surrounded by people who love me and care about what happens to me. That’s rare
in many lives,” says a 28-year-old daughter, a teacher who lives at home “by choice, not necessity.”
Many parents, who report “a comfortable reliance” on their grown kids, report that it’s not as one-sided
an arrangement as it is often made out to be. “It is not taken, take, take by any means. If they weren’t
contributing, I’d feel differently.”
For a generation that professionalized parenting to an unprecedented degree—that always
wanted to be the kind of parents their kids would choose as friends even if they weren’t related—it’s a
win-win situation. Interdependence is an idea whose time and place has come.
Taken from: http://www.psychologytoday.com
Penjelasan:
Paragraf pertama menjelaskan tentang makna dari toil utama, yaitu ketergantungan anak kepada orang
tua. Paragraf kedua membahas asal-usul bagaimana bisa ada ketergantungan tersebut. Paragraf ketiga
berisi wawancara lapangan tentang ketergantungan pada warga. Paragraf keempat berisi penegasan
ulang dari topik yang dibahas
10. The underlined word in paragraph 1 refers to…
A. assuming
B. reacting
C. echoing
D. noising
E. presuming

Kata yang di garis bawahi pada paragraf 1 adalah (C) echoing. Karena reverberating artinya
bergemuruh yang bersinonim dengan echoing yang artinya bergema.