Projectile

Motion
 Deduce the consequences of
Objectives the independence of vertical
and horizontal components of
projectile motion

Calculate the range, time of

flight, and maximum heights
of projectiles
Projectile Motion
A projectile refers to any object
that has an initial velocity, but
proceeds through a parabolic
path, called a trajectory, entirely
influenced by acceleration due
to gravity and air resistance.
Projectile Motion

For simplicity, we treat projectile

as particles with constant
direction, magnitude and
gravitational acceleration.
Calculating Components of Projectiles
  Components of Projectile Motion – YouTube

 introduction to projectile motion – YouTube

 This two-dimensional motion of a projectile may be visualized in an xy-coordinate

plane.

 An object’s projectile motion depends on the initial velocity, v0, with the trajectory
influenced by a due to gravity.
 Projectile Motion


1.

2.

Keep in mind that these two components are

independent of each other.
 Horizontally launched
projectile from a
height

An object dropped An object An object

from rest that is which is
thrown thrown
vertically upward at an
Non - Horizontally
upward angle to the
horizontal launched projectile
from a height
 LAB EX 3: Projectile Motion
Horizontally Non - Horizontally An object which is thrown
launched projectile launched projectile upward at an angle to the
from a height from a height (10 horizontal (10 to 80°)
to 80°)
EQUATIONS
x direction y direction
vox = vx d = ▲y = y – yo = (voy) (t) + 0.5 gt² (vertically)
= (vo) (sin Θ) (t) + 0.5 gt² (with angle)
▲x = (vox) (t) vy = voy + gt (vertically)
(horizontally) vy = voy sin Θ + gt (with angle)
▲x = (vo) cos Θ (t) a = g = -9.8 m/s²
(with angle)
Horizontally Launched Projectiles

 Consider a ball undergoing free-fall (red)

and a ball undergoing projectile motion
(yellow).

 Equal in fall time

▲y = (vo) (sin Θ) (t) + 0.5 gt² (with angle)

▲y = (voy) (t) + 0.5 gt² (vertically)

Θ = zero for Horizontally Launched Projectiles

Sin Θ = 0
2 equations above becomes the same
 Horizontally Launched Projectiles
v oy  0 m / s vox  vx  constant


Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Angle-Launched Projectile

X-horizontal Y - vertical
Velocity Equal in magnitude and Equal in magnitude but
direction at all points different in direction AT
SAME HEIGHT
Angle-Launched Projectile
NO Vertical Velocity at the top of the
trajectory.

Vertical
Velocity
decreases
on the way
upward
Vertical Velocity
increases on the
way down,

Horizontal Velocity
is constant
Angle-Launched Projectile from a Height

ANGLE = ?
tan^-1 (19.6/73.1) = 15°
Horizontal velocity constant Angle-Launched Projectile
Vertical velocity equal in magnitude but different in sign (at all
points) At a Flat Surface

Horizontal velocity
constant
Vertical velocity
zero
Max height

Horizontal velocity constant

Vertical velocity equal in magnitude but different in sign (at same height)
Important Info - Bullet Velocity - INDISCRIMINATE FIRING

Because of Projectile characteristics,

upward initial velocity of a projectile
bullet will attain the same magnitude on
its descent but DOWNWARDS. AVOID
INDISCRIMINATE FIRING. SHARE THIS
INFO.
Angle-Launched Projectile
Angle-Launched Projectile
Describing Projectiles With Numbers: (Horizontal and Vertical Displacement)


 Describing Projectiles With Numbers:
(Horizontal and Vertical
Displacement)


Let’s Practice
Horizontally Launched Projectiles

t =?
? ?
 Solving Projectile Problems
The following procedure summarizes the above problem-solving approach.

1.Carefully read the problem and list known and unknown information in terms of the symbols of
the kinematic equations. For convenience sake, make a table with horizontal information on one
side and vertical information on the other side.

2.Identify the unknown quantity that the problem requests you to solve for.

3.Select either a horizontal or vertical equation to solve for the time of flight of the projectile.

4.With the time determined, use one of the other equations to solve for the unknown. (Usually, if a
horizontal equation is used to solve for time, then a vertical equation can be used to solve for the
final unknown quantity.)
Let’s Practice 

X Y
° 0
vo +67 m/s
t =? dy -120m
t ?
dx ?
a zero g = -9.8 m/s^2

?
Let’s Practice X Y
° 0
vo +67 m/s
dy -120m
t ?
dx ?
a zero g = -9.8 m/s^2

t =?

?
Let’s Practice
Let’s Practice X Y

vo +67 m/s
dy -120m
t ? ?
dx ?
a zero g = -9.8 m/s^2

ALWAYS SEPARATE DATA OF X AND Y

?
CALCULATE SEPARATELY FOR X AND Y
COMPONENTS
Let’s Practice
An object which is thrown
upward at an angle to the
horizontal

X Y
Θ 45°
vo +25 m/s cos +25 m/s sin
45° 45°
dy
t ?
dx ?
a zero g = -9.8
m/s^2
Let’s Practice Vy = 0 m/s
An object which is thrown
upward at an angle to the
horizontal

X Y
Θ 45° At 45°, x and y are equal
vo +25 m/s +25 m/s TOTAL TIME = Going up + going down; T going up + T going down
cos 45° sin 45°
dy
t ?
dx ?
a zero g = -9.8
m/s^2
Try This!
 5.1. A firefighter aims a fire hose upward, toward a in a building. The water leaving the hose with a
velocity of 32.0 m/s. If the firefighter holds the hose at an angle of 78.5º, what is the maximum
height of the water stream?

Vy = 0

Vo = 32 Vy = voy sin Θ + gt GET time t

m/s 78°
▲y = (vo) (sin Θ) (t) + 0.5 gt² Substitute vo, Θ and time t from
X Y
above. Solve for ▲y
Θ
vo
dy Answer in BBL Prace Ex 4 and earn your points
t
dx
a zero g = -9.8 m/s^2
5.2. A soccer ball is kicked at an angle of 55º off the horizontal and with an initial velocity of 35 m/s. How
long is it in the air and what is the horizontal displacement?

55°

Solve using previous soccer ball example but using below equation for time t computation

vy = voy sin Θ + gt X Y
Θ

Answer in BBL Prace Ex 4 and earn your points vo

dy
t
dx
a zero g = -9.8 m/s^2
5.3. If an arrow is fired from a bow with a perfectly horizontal velocity of 60.0 m/s and the arrow was 2.00 m
above the ground when the it was released, how far will the arrow fly horizontally before it strikes the ground?

Vo = 60 m/s

2m

V=0

Use to solve for time t

▲y = y – yo = (voy) (t) + 0.5 gt²

But remember that vo has a perfectly horizontal velocity of 60.0 m/s and equation above is for y
direction X Y
Θ

Then apply t in Input Answer in BBL Prac Ex 4 vo

dy
t
▲x = (vox) (t) dx
a zero g = -9.8
m/s^2
An object which is thrown upward at an angle
to the horizontal
Projectile Motion in Sports - YouTube