TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology

Civil Engineering Department

Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

CEA243 – Engineering Utilities 2 Drainage System

MODULE 1______________________________ All the piping within a public or private premise
which conveys sewage, rainwater, or other
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SANITARY/ PLUMBING DESIGN
liquid wastes to a point of disposal.

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR A DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply
water in buildings to dispose and discharge waste water “All drainage system must conform with a set of
and other liquids, gases and other substances out of the requirements enumerated as follows”
building in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to 1. That, all pipe joints must be well fitted and
ensure the health and sanitation of life and property. tightly connected with each other to prevent
(Section 217.6 NPC 1999) leakage of gas and/or liquid.
Plumber is a title given to a person who is skilled in the 2. That, the drainage pipe should be graded or
field of ancient Rome. inclined properly for a downward gravity flow of
Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the water towards the main sewer or to the septic
sanitary field of ancient Rome. tank.

Plumbum on the other hand, meant lead. 3. That, the drainage pipe should be provided
with adequate cleanout, accessible for repair in
Plumbing System includes all potable water supply and case of stoppage.
distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all
sanitary and storm drainage system; vent pipes, roof 4.The drainage system must be provided with
drains, leaders and downspouts, and all building drains ventilation pipe that will convey gases to
and sewers, including their respective joints and atmosphere where it can do no harm to human
connection; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances health.
within the property; water lines in the premises; potable, 5. That, except for water closet, each fixture shall
tap hot and chilled water piping; potable water treating be provided with suitable trap that prevent back
or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and flow of gases.
vent for same. (Sec.217.12 NPC 1999)
6. That, the drainage system must be vented to
PLUMBING HAS TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES avoid siphonage or back flow of the water seal.
1. To supply water to different parts of the IS PLUMBING DESIGN UNLIMITED?
building.
Drainage System
2. To remove and discharge human wastes and
other substances out of building into the public All the piping within a public or private premise
sewer or septic tank. which conveys sewage, rainwater, or other
liquid wastes to a point of disposal.
Conditions for An Effective Water Supply in Building
DRAINAGE SYSTEM SHOULD ACCOMPLISHED THE
1. To provide sufficient amount of water to FOLLOWING:
supply each fixture.
1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum
2. To prevent backflow of used water into the probability of leakage and stoppage of drains.
water supply system.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and
obnoxious gases into the house from the piping
system.

MODULE 1. Basic Principles of Sanitary Design

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

Sources of wastewater 4. Stack Vent - an extension of a soil or waste stack above

the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.
Domestic Sewage
5. Vent - a pipe or opening used for ensuring the
Includes all wastewater generated by home
circulation of air in a plumbing system and for reducing
dwellings, public restrooms, hotels, restaurants, motels,
to pressure exerted on trap seals.
resorts, schools, places of worship, sports stadiums,
hospitals and other health centers, apartments and the 6. Unit Vent - an arrangement of venting so installed that
like. They all produce high volumes of wastewater. one vent pipe will serve two (2) traps.

Non-Domestic sewage 7. Wet Vent - that portion of a vent pipe through which
liquid waste flow.
Includes water from floods (stormwater), runoff
(rainwater running through cracks in the ground and into 8. Branch - any part of a piping system other than the
gutters), water from swimming pools, water from car main riser or stack
garages and cleaning centers.
9. Main - the main of any system of continuous piping is
Degrees of Waste Water the principal artery of the system to which branches may
be connected.
1. Storm Water – Water from rain.
10. Branch Vent - a vent pipe connecting from a branch
2. Grey Water – from laundries, wash basins,
of the drainage system to a vent stack.
sinks, showers, & bath tubs.
11. Waste Pipe - a pipe which conveys only liquid wastes
3. Black Water – waste plus human waste both
free fecal matter.
solid and liquid flushed out of toilet and urinals.
12. Drain - a sewer or other pipe or conduit used for
Domestic waste is classified into two types:
conveying ground water, surface water, waste water or
1. Solid Waste is being discharged by water sewage.
closet, and;
13. Sewer - a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and
2. Liquid Waste coming from the various waste liquids.
fixtures.
14. Sewage - the liquid wastes conducted away from
buildings/structures, also of the storm water.
The Drainage Installation is sometimes referred to as
DWV which means: 15. Sewerage - a comprehensive term, including all
construction for collection, transportation, pumping,
D – drainage of solid waste
treatment and final disposition of waste.
W – waste coming from various fixtures other
than water closet 16. Cleanout Ferrule - a metallic sleeve, calked or
V – ventilation of the piping system otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a
plug is screwed that can be removed for the purpose of
ELEMENTS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM
cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.
1. Soil Pipe - any pipe which conveys the discharge of
17. Trap - A fitting or device so constructed as to prevent
water closets, urinals, or fixtures having similar
the passage of air, gas, and some vermin through a pipe
functions.
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste
2. Stack - a general term used for any vertical line of soil, water through it.
waste, or vent piping.
18. House Drain - that part of the lowest horizontal
3. Soil Stack Pipe - a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal piping of a plumbing system which receives the
matter and liquid waste. discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes
inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer.

MODULE 1. Basic Principles of Sanitary Design

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

19. House Sewer - the house sewer is that part of a 26. Roughing-In - The installation of all pipes in the
plumbing system extending from a point about four (4) plumbing system that are in partitions and under floors.
or five (5) feet from the inner face of the foundation wall
27. Finishing - The setting of fixtures.
of a building to the junction with another sewer.
28. Sump - a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the
20. House Trap- a trap connected to lowest horizontal
liquid wastes are drained.
piping or House Drain.
29. Shaft - a vertical opening through a building for
21. Relief Vent - a vent the primary (Fresh Air Inlet)
elevators, dumbwaiters, light, ventilation, etc.
function of which is to provide circulation of air between
drainage and vent system. 30. Sleeve - a sheet metal placed when concrete is
poured to accommodate future plumbing pipes.
22. Public Sewer - a common sewer directly controlled
by public authority to which all abutters have equal 31. Pipe Chase - an opening or space to accommodate a
rights of connection. group of pipes.
23. Siphonage - a suction caused by the flow of liquids in 32. Plumbing Fixtures – are installed receptacles,
pipes. devices, or appliances which are supplied with water, or
which receives or discharge into drainage system which
24. Spigot - The end of a pipe which fits into a bell. Also,
maybe directly or indirectly connected.
a word synonymously with faucet.
33. Caulking – Is plugging an opening with oakum, lead
25. Seal - The vertical distance between the dip and
or other materials, that are pounded into the place or
crown wire of a trap.
opening.

MODULE 1. Basic Principles of Sanitary Design

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

HOMEWORK 01:

1. To familiarize the standard symbols for plumbing,

piping and valves. Draw the provided sample on a short
bond paper. Soft copy shall be in PDF format with a file
name: SICOOCE2AHW1.pdf

MODULE 1. Basic Principles of Sanitary Design

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department
Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.

STANDARD SYMBOLS FOR PLUMBING, PIPING, AND VALVES

Plumbing Plumbing (continued) Pipe Fittings (continued)
Fitting Screwed Soldered
Corner Bathtub................................. Drinking Fountain (Projecting-Type)..
Recessed Bathtub............................ Elbow–Long Radius................
Hot Water Tank................................ HW

LR
T
Sitz Bath............................................. Side Outlet Elbow–
Water Heater................................... WH Outlet Down.........................
Bidet...................................................
Meter............................................... Side Outlet Elbow–
Shower Stall.......................................
M Outlet Up..............................
Hose Rack......................................
Shower Head....................................
HR Base Elbow ............................
.(Plan) (Elev.) Hose Bibb.......................................
HB
Double Branch Elbow ............
Overhead Gang Shower....................
(Plan)
Gas Outlet......................................
(Elev.) Single Sweep Tee...................
G
Pedestal Lavatory............................... Vacuum Outlet................................ Double Sweep Tee..................
2 2
Wall Lavatory...................................... Drain............................................... Reducing Elbow...................... 4 4
D
Corner Lavatory.................................. Grease Separator........................... Tee..........................................
G

Oil Separator.................................. Tee–Outlet Up.........................

O
Handicapped Lavatory....................... Tee–Outlet Down....................
Cleanout......................................... C
O
Dental Lavatory..................................
Side Outlet Tee–
DENTAL LAV Garage Drain..................................
Outlet Up..............................
Standard Kitchen Sink.......................
Floor Drain with Backwater Valve... Side Outlet Tee–
Kitchen Sink, R & L Drain Board....... Outlet Down.........................
Roof Sump......................................
Kitchen Sink, L H Drain Board..........
Cross......................................
Combination Sink & Dishwasher........ Piping
Concentric Reducer................
Combination Sink & Laundry Tray...... Soil and Waste, Above Grade...
Soil and Waste, Eccentric Reducer...................
Service Sink....................................... Below Grade.........................
Lateral.....................................
Wash Sink (Wall-Type)....................... Vent..........................................
Wash Sink.......................................... Cold Water............................... Expansion Joint .....................

Laundry Tray (Single)......................... Hot Water.................................

Valves
Hot Water Return.....................
Laundry Tray (Double)........................ Fire Line................................... F F Valve Screwed Soldered

Gas Line.................................. G G
Water Closet (Tank-Type)................... ACID Gate Valve..............................
Acid Waste...............................
Drinking Water Supply.............
Drinking Water Return............. Globe Valve.............................
Water Closet (Integral Tank)...............
Vacuum Cleaning..................... V V

Water Closet (Flush Valve, Floor Outlet). Compressed Air....................... A Angle Globe Valve..................

Angle Gate Valve....................

Water Closet (Flush Valve, Wall-Hung) ..
Pipe Fittings
Check Valve............................
Fitting Screwed Soldered
Urinal (Wall-Hung).............................. Angle Check Valve..................
Joint.........................................
Urinal (Stall)....................................... Stop Cock...............................
Elbow–90°................................
Safety Valve............................
Urinal (Trough-Type).......................... TU
Elbow–45°................................
Quick-Opening Valve..............
Drinking Fountain (Recessed)...........
Elbow–Turned Up..................... Float Valve..............................

Drinking Fountain (Semi-Recessed).. Elbow–Turned Down................ Motor-Operated Gate Valve....

M

MODULE 1. Basic Principles of Sanitary Design