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    1plant Growth and Development

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    adityaaggarwal821
    The document discusses plant growth and development, including the different phases of cell growth (meristematic, elongation, and maturation phases), types of growth (arithmetic and geometric), cell differentiation and de/redifferentiation, and the functions of major plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid).

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    1plant Growth and Development

    Uploaded by

    adityaaggarwal821
    8 views8 pages
    The document discusses plant growth and development, including the different phases of cell growth (meristematic, elongation, and maturation phases), types of growth (arithmetic and geometric), cell differentiation and de/redifferentiation, and the functions of major plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid).

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    1Plant growth and development

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    The document discusses plant growth and development, including the different phases of cell growth (meristematic, elongation, and maturation phases), types of growth (arithmetic and geometric), cell differentiation and de/redifferentiation, and the functions of major plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views8 pages

    1plant Growth and Development

    Uploaded by

    adityaaggarwal821
    The document discusses plant growth and development, including the different phases of cell growth (meristematic, elongation, and maturation phases), types of growth (arithmetic and geometric), cell differentiation and de/redifferentiation, and the functions of major plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    Primary growth Apical meristem

    Secondary growth Lateral meristem

    Cells are rich in


    protoplasm, large
    conspicuous nucleus, thin
    Meristematic phase cellulosic cell wall,
    abundant
    plasmodesmatal
    connections
    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    New cell wall deposition,


    Elongation phase cell enlargement and
    increased vacuolation

    Maximal cell wall


    thickening and
    Maturation phase protoplasmic
    modifications

    Linear growth
    Arithmetic growth
    E.g. root elongation
    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    Sigmoid curve

    Geometrical growth E.g. Cell culture, tree


    showing seasonal
    activities

    Cells mature to
    perform specific
    Differentiation function, e.g. apical
    meristem and cambium
    cells differentiate

    Regaining the capacity


    to divide after
    differentiation, e.g.
    Dedifferentiation parenchyma cells
    dedifferentiate to form
    interfascicular cambium,
    cork
    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    Dedifferentiated cells
    again lose the capacity to
    divide and mature to
    Redifferentiation perform specific
    functions, e.g. secondary
    xylem, phloem, etc.

    Different kinds of plant


    structures in different
    phases of life or
    Plasticity environmental conditions,
    e.g. heterophylly in
    larkspur and buttercup

    Indole compounds
    Natural- IAA, IBA
    Synthetic- NAA, 2,4-D

    Isolated by F.W. Went from


    coleoptile of oat seedlings
    Auxin
    First isolated from human
    urine

    Produced by growing root and


    shoot apices
    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    Apical dominance

    Root initiation in stem


    cuttings, xylem
    differentiation and cell
    Auxin functions division

    Promotes flowering in
    pineapple, parthenocarpy in
    tomatoes
    Adenine derivatives
    Natural- Zeatin
    Synthetic- Kinetin

    Skoog and Miller identified


    Cytokinins and crystallised for the first
    time

    Natural source is yeast


    extract, DNA, coconut milk

    Promotes lateral and


    adventitious shoot growth
    Cytokinin functions Delay of leaf senescence

    Chloroplast formation
    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    Terpenes

    E. Kurosawa identified and


    discovered gibberellic acid in
    Gibberellins rice seedlings infected by
    fungus Gibberella fujikuroi
    causing foolish seedling
    disease
    Promotes stem elongation in
    sugarcane, grapes and
    elongation of fruits like apple

    Gibberellin Early seed production in


    conifers
    functions
    Bolting or internode
    elongation in beet, cabbage,
    etc.

    Gaseous hormone

    Ethylene Reported by Cousins as a


    volatile substance in ripened
    oranges
    Flashcards for NEET Biology: Plant Growth and Development

    Induces fruit ripening,


    increases respiration rate

    Breaks seed and bud


    dormancy, initiates seed
    Ethylene functions germination in peanuts and
    sprouting in potato tubers

    Promotes senescence and


    abscission of flowers and
    leaves
    Carotenoids

    Plant growth inhibitor, stress


    hormone
    Abscisic acid
    E.g. inhibitor-B, abscission II
    and dormin

    Antagonist to GAs
    Regulates abscission and
    dormancy

    Inhibits seed germination and


    Abscisic acid functions stimulates stomatal closure

    Help plant withstand


    desiccation and tolerate
    various stress conditions

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