NORTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

“Institution for Better Life”

GRADUATE SCHOOL
Laoag City

SUMMER 2019 – PA 240: THEORY AND PRACTICES

IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Final Examination
Submitted to : Norberto S. Galiza, Ed.D.
Submitted by : Jaime B. Tesoro III

1. Describe the different aspects of the ecology of public administration in your locality.
How do they affect the development of your respective municipality?
The Administrative in our locality, Burgos Ilocos Norte aims at identifying the required
aspects of an activity to achieve specific goal or plan. Therefore, specific factors should be
available, such as one target and teamwork, a group of people who share a real relationship and
participate in achieving their goal. It should be at least realistic, dynamic and active in achieving
goals with the best methods and lowest costs, creating cooperation among a group of individuals
who share coordination of efforts and business.

June 28, 2019 3:00 PM here at Burgos Ilocos Norte, our municipality finally had a turn
over ceremony of our new elected officials. At this event, the outgoing mayor Hon. Rodolfo L.
Garcia had expressed his gratitude by sharing the progress of our beloved municipality. It is said
that the Municipality of Burgos is one of the most improved and progressive towns for the past
few years of Rodolfo L. Garcia’s reign as a municipal mayor of Burgos Ilocos Norte. It is
because of the great influence of the administration, the progress of the municipality of Burgos
became recognizable as a rising town. Our local government helps localities identify, organize
and implement their priorities. The administrative of our beloved town focuses on the different
problems/ crisis that Burgos has been dealing with in a long time. Its main focus is the people of
Burgos specially so. It is said, that our municipality Burgos Ilocos Norte is just getting started
because our upcoming mayor Hon. Cresente N. Garcia trying to develop of what has been done
by the outgoing mayor and hoping that in the future, Burgos Ilocos Norte will be recognizable as
one of the greatest towns in the Philippines.
2. Portray the three branches of the government in the Philippines. Explain the existing
check-and-balance among these three branches.

One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the principle of separation of

powers wherein legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the Executive, and settlement of
legal controversies to the Judiciary.

The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate and the House of
Representatives.

The Executive branch carries out laws. It is composed of the President and the Vice President
who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the
country’s bureaucracy.

The Judicial branch evaluates laws. It holds the power to settle controversies involving rights
that are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or not there has
been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.

Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches as follows:

The President can veto laws passed by Congress.

Congress confirms or rejects the President's appointments and can remove the President from
office in exceptional circumstances.

The Justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional laws, are appointed by the
President and confirmed by the Senate.

The Philippine government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this system of
checks and balances.

The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review as the power
to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation,
order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.
Legislative Department

The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments, and has
the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress (the Senate and House of
Representatives) and several agencies that provide support services to Congress.

Senate – The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four Senators who shall be elected at large by
the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law.

House of Representatives – The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than
two hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from
legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in
accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform and
progressive ratio, and those who, as provided by law, shall be elected through a party-list system
of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.

The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per cent of the total number of
representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the
ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall
be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor,
indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by
law, except the religious sector.

Executive Department

The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice President, the
Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and
committees.

Key roles of the executive branch include:

President – The President leads the country. He/she is the head of state, leader of the national
government, and Commander in Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines. The President
serves a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.
Vice President – The Vice President supports the President. If the President is unable to serve,
the Vice President becomes President. He/she serves a six-year term.

The Cabinet – Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They include the Vice
President and the heads of executive departments. Cabinet members are nominated by the
President and must be confirmed by the Commission of Appointments.

Judicial Department

The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides
if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in
such lower courts as may be established by law.

Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving
rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has
been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any
branch or instrumentality of the Government. The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws,
applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution.

3.Illustrate public administration in your perspective municipality. What aspect of public

administration would you want to change if you were:
a. The local chief executive.
b. An ordinary employee.
c. A resident of the municipality.
d. A member of the sangguniang bayan?

If I were the appointing chief executive, I will be more responsible for the efficient and
effective operations of the council and for ensuring that council decisions are implemented
without delay. I will also give support and perform the executive functions of the council,
including all functions in relation to its employees and in general manage and control the
administration and business of the council.

If I were an ordinary employee, I will be more consistent about my work, because I

believe that if you commit mistake neither it is big or small may cause an imbalance in your
work place. I will also be more consistent I were an ordinary employee and also attend trainings
and seminars because it is a big opportunity for an ordinary employee to enhance knowledge and
also skills.

How to be an effective member of the sangguniang bayan? It is unfortunate how their

effectiveness and efficiency are being measured. People don’t seem to understand their
prescribed duties and responsibilities. Funny it may seem, but most of the time, as a sangguniang
bayan, I should possess a “pakikisama” in its broadest sense, and also possess a legislative
capabilities wich is very important as a SB member.

4. Describe the relationship between politics and fiscal administration in the Philippines.
In the initial days, the formulation and execution of fiscal policies have to contend with
the role politics plays in the process. The relationship between politics and fiscal administration
in our country is a dynamic interchange of effects and causes. In other words, fiscal policies as
the end products of fiscal administration influence as mush as they are influenced by the political
process. This is because fiscal administration done within a political system. Others would go as
far as to say that fiscal administration itself is a political process.
 NORTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE
“Institution for Better Life”
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Laoag City

SUMMER 2019 – PA 208: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT/

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION
Final Examination
Submitted to : Norberto S. Galiza, Ed.D.
Submitted by : Jaime B. Tesoro III

1. in your own point of view, rank according to importance the five M’s of management.
Why?

a.) MAN POWER

The most important M for me because it is the very foundation of all the M’s in
management. The operational leader recognizes that the successful deployment of each of the
initial four resources will be the direct result of the extent to which the manpower resource is
hired for fit, developed for performance, and motivated for excellence. How does the manager as
leader fit into that picture?

If leadership means making sure that others successfully contribute to the bottom line,
then the first step is understanding how to communicate effectively with people with various
behavior styles. So we explored style differences and how to alter speaking and listening styles
to increase understanding. We explored the role of manager as leader as being able to provide the
different things that different people need to obtain peak performance. We reviewed
interpersonal barriers and practiced using tools and techniques for overcoming them. Finally, we
returned to the five Ms to apply what we learned about leadership and management to the way
we focus on the bottom line.

b.) METHOD

The next most important M in my own opinion is method. In the service industry,
methods include the chain of tasks required to create, design, sell, and deliver a service, as well
as the systems created by the infrastructure to support the achievement of business outcomes. In
the management model, the manager, director, or supervisor runs the processes and makes
changes to keep the operation running smoothly and profitably. We asked how that changes in
the second graphic, from the leadership perspective.

c.) MONEY

Next is money because in manage we rely so much to our budgets, finance, accounting,
collections, etc. Soon they began to acknowledge that everything in the organization used money
to achieve business objectives.

d.) MATERIAL

Next is material, because material is very remediable if you have money in management
and lastly.

e.) MACHINERY

The least important for me is machinery because like a material in management can also
be remediable if you have money.

2. Compare and contrast the last two performance rating forms of your organization
(RPMS- OPCRF/IPCRF vs your performance evaluation form prior to RPMS). Which of
the two is a better evaluation form to assess employee’ performance. Defend your stand.

Its is not an opinion but it’s a fact since not only that I agree but also with the other teachers
including Ms. Josephine A. Pascual the principal of Burgos Agro-Industrial School. Last years
performance was far better than this year’s performance. Why? It is because last year
performance’s guidelines were based on the learners’ progress which is very important specially
if you are working for the Department of Education that they are pushing this “child centered”
too much. Also, one of its guidelines was based on community participation and learning
environment as well. In other words, the teachers make their own standards that can evaluate the
scope of teachers’ duties and responsibilities not only in teaching but including nonteaching
assignments. Unlike this year’s performance, the standard was made by the higher authorities.
The standard is based on class observations only which is very stupid because you cannot
measure the intelligent of a teacher by class observation alone. What about the other areas? What
about their nonteaching assignments? That is why last years’ performance is far greater than this
years’ performance.

3. Describe the practices of your organization as regards the different aspects of human
resource management such as hiring, integration, maintenance and separation including
the post separation activities.

This is a common flaw of HR in our organization: they get so focused on hiring the best new
people that they forget about the ones they already have.

The engagement of the current employees is part of the big picture. It’s just as important as
getting the best workers on board. Are your recognition, review, and growth policies on a par
with your recruiting efforts? They should be.HR managers represent the rules and needs of the
organization. That’s why they appear as dry, cold, and distant most of the time. When you
rediscover your passion, you’ll overcome that flaw. Your own drive will inspire the people
you’re trying to recruit, as well the current workers in the organization.

Each change and transition the company goes through affects the employees. It affects the
connection between them. A professional HR manager must keep the communication lines
within the entire organization functional at all times. Communicate with the employees not only
when they are facing transitions, but on a day-to-day basis, too. When you know what issues
they are facing, you’ll be able to manage them well.

You can’t wait for your organization to define what your role is. You know what human resource
management is all about. You need to do everything you can to become your own expert. This is
an important role within the organization. The leadership team will expect you to grow and
suggest new ideas. Find your vision, which involves not only your growth as a HR manager, but
the growth of the entire organization as a result to your work. Keep suggesting your ideas,
developing new skills, and trying new practices. It’s not easy to become an extraordinary HR
manager. It takes a lot of work, experience, and consistent experimenting with new techniques.
The tips above will help you start your journey towards greatness in this profession.

4. Explain the processes of implementing the Omnibus Rules on Appointment and other
Human Resource Actions in your agency. Do your practices deviate from prescribed?
Why?
Since I’m working for the Department of Education, our process was based on the rules. How do
we hire new employees? First is the ranking to held at school that you are applying. For the
second ranking would be at the division of office to be followed by interview. As long as you are
in the top five (5) and as long as you are qualified, it is up to the appointing authority to decide of
whom to appoint then the pertinent papers will be sent to the Civil Service Commission and wait
for your appointment for one month.
 NORTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE
“Institution for Better Life”
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Laoag City

SUMMER 2019 – PA 208: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT/

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION
Reaction Paper
Submitted to : Norberto S. Galiza, Ed.D.
Submitted by : Jaime B. Tesoro III

The reporter discussed about the role of a personnel manager and also its different challenges. It
is not an easy task to be a personnel manager because HRM can be a challenge for small
businesses especially, which typically don’t have an HR department to rely on. They may be
limited to one HR person, or this responsibility may still belong to the CEO. Regardless, small
business owners need to understand the challenges facing them so they’re prepared to tackle HR
issues as their company, and workforce, grows. The reporter also discussed the field of personnel
manager and human resource management. The main difference between Personnel Management
and Human Resource Management lies in their scope and orientation. While the scope
of personnel management is limited and has an inverted approach, wherein workers are viewed
as tool. Here the behavior of the worker can be manipulated as per the core competencies of the
organization and are replaced when they are worn-out. Difference Between Personnel
Management and Human Resource Management. The main difference between Personnel
Management and Human Resource Management lies in their scope and orientation. While the
scope of personnel management is limited and has an inverted approach, wherein workers are
viewed as tool. Here the behavior of the worker can be manipulated as per the core competencies
of the organization and are replaced when they are worn-out. On the other hand, human resource
management has a wider scope and considers employees as the asset to the organization. It
promotes mutuality in terms of goals, responsibility, reward etc. that will help in enhancing the
economic performance and high level of human resource development. In early centuries, when
Human Resource Management (HRM) was not prevalent, then the staffing and payroll of the
employees were taken care of, by the Personnel Management (PM). It is popularly known as
Traditional Personnel Management. Human Resource Management have emerged as an
extension over the Traditional Personnel Management. So, in this article, we are going to throw
light on the meaning and differences between Personnel Management and Human Resource
Management. The reporter also discussed the different policies, in my organization which is the
Department of Education, the school’s division superintendent is strict on implementing rules
when it comes to policies and its hard not to comply because the school’s division superintendent
is a “perfectionist”. Specially today that the curriculum already changed. Policies are meant to be
a guideline for an employee for us to be aware of the different functions and responsibilities of
your workplace. The reporter also discussed different job descriptions, what I notice in my
workplace is that the other employees specially in our administration refuses to give help to other
employees for the reason of “its not in my job description”, that is one good example of a lazy
employee. Is it really enough for you not to help others when you are free it is because it is not
written at your job description? I mean you are working at the same organization, you also have
to help others because it is not only good for you but for the good of an organization. The
reporter also discussed about the career development of employees, again in my organization, it
is a mandatory to attend seminars and trainings specially for the teachers for their development
and also for the development of the organization. Training of employees is a great thing to build
up a great reputation at your workplace.

Human resource management is a great subject for me because I am now aware about my
organization’s administration and how it works.
 NORTHERN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE
“Institution for Better Life”
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Laoag City

SUMMER 2019 – PA 240: THEORY AND PRACTICES

IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Reaction Paper
Submitted to : Norberto S. Galiza, Ed.D.
Submitted by : Jaime B. Tesoro III

Public administration is the implementation of government policy and also an academic

discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public
service. This is serving our country in any ways, it is the single most important aspect
of bureaucracies across the world. Public administration has its nature and scope. Being a
public servant, you have to be a good leader because being a good leader is one of the natures
of Public Administration. Public Administration is very important because it’ll serve as the
foundation of the country, the main key of its success. Public administration may differ in
Private management because in Public administration, in terms of accountability, it is
transparent to the public while the Private administration, although, sometimes it’s also
transparent, but not that much like Public administration. Public administration is more
accountable than Private administration. In terms of goods and services, Public administration
is open to all, unlike to Private administration, it’s availability of goods and services are only for
those who can afford. Public administration was there from the beginning until today.
But based on the type of Public administration lately, today’s Public Ad has developed. First, the
Traditional Public Administration, it is the old practice of Public administration, you’re doing
things which you think is good for the people. Next is the Neo Classical, it is a way of Public
administration where you will not only focus on the things that might improve your country or
your place but you also focus on your people’s emotions. Their thoughts, ideas, feelings, and
opinions will serve as the basis of your every move. Next is Development Administration.
The term “development administration” came into use in the 1950s to represent those aspects
of public administration and those changes in public administration, which are needed to carry
out policies, projects, and programs to improve social and economic conditions. It represents
the changes of Public Administration. And, New Public Administration, it will deal with the
following issues: democratic citizenship; public interest; public policy; and services to citizens.
First, a new theory should start with the ideal of democratic citizenship. The public service
derives its true meaning from its mandate to serve citizens to advance the public good. It will be
the new plan or method administrating and leading the people. And lastly, New Public
Management. New public management (NPM), is a term formally conceptualized in 1991 which
denotes broadly the government policies, since the 1980s, that aimed to modernize and render
the public sector more efficient.
Government, Governance, and Bureaucracy. The difference between them is, Government is
the governing body of the nation, state, or community. While Governance is the action or
manner of governing by the government. And lastly, the Bureaucracy, is a system of
government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by
elected representatives.