G8

THE PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER
(Solids, Liquids and Gases)

Remember:
Matter is anything that occupies space and has  Matter is made up of tiny particles.
mass. It can be described easily through its state.  Particles of matter are moving all the time.
Matter is classified as solid, liquid, and gas.  These particles have spaces between
them.
Physical changes- it only changes the  The particles of matter attract each other.
appearance of the substance not it’s chemical
composition. Density
Chemical change- It can cause a substance to Density describes how much space an object or
change into an entirely substance with new substance takes up (volume) in relation to the
chemical formula. amount of matter in that object or substance (it’s
mass). Density is the amount of mass per unit
Various elements have different properties volume.
because the combining atoms and the manners Density is an important property of matter. The
the manner the atoms are bonded together density of an object depends on how closely the
change. tiny particles are packed together. Objects with
high density have particles that are more tightly
Phase Change- The process of changing from packed than objects with less density. Generally,
one physical condition to another. solids are denser than liquids because their
particles are closer together. The density of gases
Melting- When a solid becomes a liquid. When a is very much less than the solid or gas.
solid absorbs enough energy to overcome the Consider two ball of the same size where one is
force holding its particles together it is said to be made of rubber (like a jackstone) and the other
heated. And the Melting Point of the solid is made of Styrofoam (like floaters). Which ball is
achieved at this point and the solid melts. denser? If you answered the rubber ball, then you
If you add more heat, the liquid particles will move are right.
faster and farther apart. Boiling Point is attained
at this stage. The temperature at which the vapor
pressure rises to the point that bubbles from
inside the liquid’s body and evaporation occurs is
known as Boiling Point.
As liquid absorbs energy when heated, the closer
particles of liquid becomes separated. Particles
will have less attraction. Allowing them to move
freely, the change of liquid to Gas is known as
Evaporation.
As Gas can be turned into a liquid by cooling it,

Condensation is the Term for this process.
Condensation is the change of a gas into a
liquid, as a gas loses heat; the particles press in
on each other and roll over forming a liquid.
Further cooling of the liquid causes Freezing or

Solidification. This process allows the particles
to get closer and have rigid position. The particles
can no longer move freely; instead, they will just
vibrate. The temperature wherein a liquid
solidifies is called Freezing.
Some substances changes from solid to gas

without going through the liquid state is known as
Sublimation.
Deposition is the reverse reaction in which a

Gas converts directly to a solid state without
passing through the liquid state.
C. Glass of water uncovered and placed under
Activity: True or False the heat of the sun.
Direction: Read each statement below and decide D. Glass of water uncovered and exposed to high
whether it is TRUE or FALSE. heat.
Indicate a checkmark (✔) if the statement is _____6. The following are factors that may affect
TRUE and an (X) mark if the statements FALSE. the evaporation process EXCEPT?
_______1. Evaporation of water is a physical A. Heat of the Sun C. Kinetic Energy
change. B. Increase temperature D. Potential Energy
_______2. Condensation of water is a physical _____7. Which of the following situation/s is/are
change. physical change?
_______3. Drinking water (l), ice (s), steam (g) I. Liquid turns to Gas
are all the same substance. II. Volume of Water decreases after heating
_______4. In the process of physical change the III. Water evaporates
substance changes its physical appearance but IV. Water condenses
not its composition. A. I & II only
_______5. When drinking water (liquid) is boiled, B. All situations EXCEPT IV
surface particles start to evaporate and turn into C. All of the situations given
its gaseous state. This process is NOT an D. None of the situations given
example of aphysical change.
Ana conducted an experiment. She poured 10-mL
of water into a 50-mL beaker. She covered and
Direction: Write your answers (letters) clearly on labeled it “A”. She set it aside. She also poured
the space provided before the number. another 10-mL of water into another 50-mL
_____1. What do you call the molecules that beaker and labeled it “B”. This time she did not
escaped from the liquid and go into the gaseous cover it. She kept it that way within 24 hours.
phase? Based on the experiment Anna conducted,
A. Condense C. Vapor answer
B. Fog D. Water
_____2. When a gas is cooled, the motion of the questions number 8 & 9.
particles slows down. If the particles lose enough
energy, their attraction for each other can
overcome their motion and cause them to
associate with one another to become liquid. _____8. Which of the following is possible to
What do you call this process? happen?
A. Condensation C. Freezing A. Water in a 50-mL beaker “A” decreased in
B. Evaporation D. Melting volume.
_____3. Which of the following statements is B. Water in a 50-mL beaker “B” decreased in
NOT true? volume.
A. Condensation process is an example of C. Water in a 50-mL beaker “A” increased in
physical change. volume.
B. Evaporation is responsible for ground-water D. Water in a 50-mL beaker “B” increased in
fog. volume.
C. Evaporation process is an example of physical _____9. What do you think is the reason behind
change. this?
D. Enough kinetic energy breaks the attraction of A. Condensation happen C. Freezing happen
nearby molecules allowing evaporation to take B. Evaporation happen D. Melting happen
place at room temperature. _____10. Which of the following best describes
_____4. When the temperature rises and water the illustration below?
starts to boil, the molecules gain more energy. A. Water condenses C. Water freezes
What do you call this type of energy as they move B. Water evaporates D. Water melts
faster?
A. Electrical Energy C. Kinetic Energy _____11. Which of the following statements about
B. Potential Energy D. Mechanical Energy the evaporation process is not true?
_____5. Which of the following scenarios will at A. The rate of evaporation is fast during rainy
MOST increase the rate of evaporation? days.
A. Glass of water covered and placed under the B. Evaporation happens only on the surface of a
heat of the sun. liquid.
B. Glass of water covered and exposed to high C. All molecules of a liquid take part in the
heat. process of evaporation.
D. Evaporation and condensation are opposite
processes.
For numbers 12 – 14 refer to the graph that

represents the temperature changes of water as it
is heated.
_____15. Which of the following statements is

false?
A. Evaporation is the process when a liquid
turns into a gas.
B. Condensation is the process when a gas
turns into a liquid.
C. Evaporation and condensation retain the
identity of a material.
D. Evaporation and condensation are exactly
the opposite of each other.

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THE PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER

(Solids, Liquids and Gases)

As Gas can be turned into a liquid by cooling it,

Further cooling of the liquid causes Freezing or

Some substances changes from solid to gas

Deposition is the reverse reaction in which a

For numbers 12 – 14 refer to the graph that

_____15. Which of the following statements is

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