Lanao School Of Science and Technology, Inc.

Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte

Tel.No(063)-388-7199/(063)-496-0757

Bachelor of Science
in
Computer Science

Subject Code: CC 101

Descriptive Title: Introduction to Computing

Prepared by:
Dether John Gorre
 Module 2

Vision
The Computer Science Department at the Lanao School of Science whose graduates are globally
recognized as innovative and well-prepared computing professionals.

Mission

Provide a current, comprehensive and collaborative student-centered learning environment for

computer science and professional values associated with the discipline.

Objectives

Pursue advanced study in computing or participate in modern software development.

Collaborate successfully with colleagues and clients.
Work as ethical and responsible members of the computing profession and society.

Internet and WWW

The Birth of the Internet

In 1986, came the birth of the National Science Foundation Network, which scientists
across the country with five supercomputer centers. Universities were early users of the
Internet. In 1992, the Internet was still primarily used by researchers and academics. In
1995, large commercial Internet service providers, such as MCI, Sprint, AOL and UUNET,
began offering service to large number of customers.

The Internet now links thousands of computer networks, reaching people all over the
world.

Since traffic on the Internet has become so heavy, some of the scientific and academic
institutions that formed the original Internet developed a new global network called Internet 2.
Known as the Abilene Project, and running on fast fiber-optic cable, it officially opened for
business in February, 1999 at a ceremony in Washington, D.C.

George Mason University is one of 150 universities in the United States that are working
on the Internet 2 project with industry through the University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) to improve the functionality and capabilities of the Internet. The
network's 2.4 gigabit-per-second speed started with a transmission speed of 45,000 faster than a
56K modem.

Connecting to the Internet

Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband
Internet service. With broadband Internet service, your computer or mobile device usually is
connected to the Internet the entire time it is powered on. Examples of broadband Internet
service include cable, DSL, fiber, radio signals, and satellite.

• Cable Internet service provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television
network via a cable modem.

• DSL (digital subscriber line) provides high-speed Internet connections using regular copper
telephone lines.

• Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access to
home and business users

• Fixed wireless provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna on your
house or business to communicate with a tower location via radio signals.

• A cellular radio network offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with built-in
compatible technology or computers with wireless modems.
• A Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network uses radio signals to provide high-speed Internet
connections to compatible or properly equipped wireless computers and devices.

• Satellite Internet service provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite to a satellite
dish that communicates with a satellite modem.

Internet services. Most hotels and airports provide wired or wireless Internet connections
as a service to travelers. Internet with notebook computers, smart phones, and other mobile
devices while away from a telephone, cable, or other wired connection. Wi-Fi Internet
connections to users with mobile computers or devices.

How Data and Information Travel the Internet

Computers connected to the Internet work together to transfer data and information
around the world using servers and clients and various wired and wireless transmission media.
Internet Facilities
The Internet is similar in some ways to the global telephone system: Each allows the
establishment almost instantly of 2- way connections between sites anywhere in the world.
However, unlike a telephone conversation, the Internet allows us to communicate in a variety of
ways. Most importantly, we are not limited to verbal interactions with other people—in many
cases, it is possible to gain access to information stored in their computers. The basic facilities
available over the Internet are described below and include e-mail, list servers,
USNET/newsgroups, File Transfer Protocol, Internet Relay Chat, Gopher facility, and the
WWW.

E-mail

E-mail, the Internet equivalent of postal mail, is the most widely used facility on the
Internet. E-mail messages routed across the Internet can reach an overseas destination in seconds

List Servers

The list server facility allows for the creation of discussion groups to share information
about common interests. LISTSERV, the most common list server program, copies incoming
messages sent to the list and forwards them to everyone whose e-mail address is on the list (the
subscribers).

USNET/Newsgroups

Internet newsgroup servers generally provide access to groups that are much less
selective than those provided by list servers. This software allows users to post messages or
articles to any newsgroup for other users to read and possibly attach their comments.

File Transfer Protocol

 Using the File Transfer Protocol facility, Internet users can transfer software programs,
product upgrades, and other types of computer files between computer systems connected to the
Internet.

Internet Relay Chat

With Internet Relay Chat, small numbers of users meet in on-line chat groups and "talk"
to each other by typing messages on their keyboards.

Gopher

The Gopher facility, created at the University of Minnesota and named after its golden
gopher mascot, is one of the first "user-friendly" Internet facilities for obtaining information over
the network. Using Gopher, users can connect to thousands of different computers, known as
information servers or "gopher holes," via a menu-driven "point and click" program.
Hierarchically organized information is stored at each gopher hole. Users click on a descending
list of individual topics to retrieve information, which might include text, sound, or images.

World Wide Web

The WWW is such an immensely popular Internet facility that for many users, it has
become synonymous with the Internet. Developed in 1992 at the European Laboratory for
Particle Physics at Cern, Switzerland, the WWW links users to Internet sites. The basic unit of
WWW communication is the page, similar to this printed page. Within a Web page are "links"
on which users can click and be automatically connected to related pages at the same or other
Internet Websites. With its ease of use and its multimedia ability to transmit text, graphics,
audio, and video and to retrieve detailed information from anywhere in the world in seconds, the
WWW has quickly become the interface of choice for Internet users.

The Birth of the WWW

1990 - Tim Berners-Lee, currently the director of the World Wide Web Consortium, the
coordinating body for Web development, invented the World Wide Web. Now the WWW is
used by people all over the world, children and adults, for personal, commercial, and academic
uses. Here is Tim Berners-Lee's original proposal to attempt to persuade CERN management to
initiate a global hypertext system, which Berners-Lee called «Mesh» before he decided on the
name «World Wide Web» when writing the code in 1990. Bina of NCSA, shared the Association
for Computing Software System Award for developing the World-Wide Web.

The WWW is based on the hypertext protocol.

The World Wide Web (WWW), or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of

electronic documents. Each electronic document on the Web is called a Web page, which can
contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. Additionally, Web pages usually have built-
in connections to other documents.

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items, such as documents
and pictures, stored on a Web server. A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web
pages to your computer. The same Web server can store multiple Web sites.

Browsing the Web

A Web browser, or browser, is application software that allows users to access and view
Web pages or access Web 2.0 programs. To browse the Web, you need a computer or mobile
device that is connected to the Internet and has a Web browser. The more widely used Web
browsers for personal computers are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari, and Google
Chrome. With an Internet connection established, you start a Web browser. The browser
retrieves and displays a starting Web page, sometimes called the browser’s home page.

Web Addresses

A Web page has a unique address, called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or Web address.
A Web address consists of a protocol, domain name, path and Web page name. Many Web page
addresses begin with http://. The http, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a set of rules that
de fines how pages transfer on the Internet.
Name: Date:

Fill in the Blanks. 2pts each.

1. provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television

network via a cable modem.
2. provides high-speed Internet connections using regular copper
telephone lines.
3. most widely used facility on the Internet.
4. immensely popular Internet facility that for many users, it has become
synonymous with the Internet.
5. based on the hypertext protocol.
6. is a collection of related Web pages and associated items, such as
documents and pictures, stored on a Web server.
7. a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.
8. is one of 150 universities in the United States that are working on the
Internet 2 project with industry through the University Corporation for
Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) to improve the
functionality and capabilities of the Internet.
9. application software that allows users to access and view Web pages
or access Web 2.0 programs.
10. allows users to post messages or articles to any newsgroup for other
users to read and possibly attach their comments.

Question: 5pts

In your own words, What is the difference between Internet and WWW?